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Effect of heavy load carriage on cardiorespiratory responses with varying gradients and modes of carriage

Military Medical Research 2019年第1期6卷 53-59页

作者： Subhojit Chatterjee Tirthankar Chatterjee debojyoti bhattacharyya Suranjana Sen Madhusudan Pal Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences Defence Research & Development Organisation Ministry of Defence

Background: The present study was undertaken to determine the effect of different uphill and downhill gradients on cardiorespiratory and metabolic responses of soldiers while carrying heavy military loads in two different ***: Eight physically fit male soldiers with a mean age 32.0±2.0 years, a mean height of 169.5±4.9 cm, and a mean weight of 63.8±8.4 kg volunteered for this study. Each volunteer completed treadmill walking trials at a speed of 3.5 km/h while carrying no external load, 31.4 kg load in a distributed mode(existing load carriage ensembles) and compact mode(new back pack) over 5 different downhill and uphill gradients(–5%, –10%, 0%, 5%, 10%) for 6 min at each gradient. During the walking trials, heart rate(HR), oxygen uptake(VO_2), respiratory frequency(RF) and energy expenditure(EE) were determined by the process of breath-by-breath gas analysis using a K4 b2 system. The average of the last 2 min data from each 6 min walking trial for each individual was subjected to statistical ***: All parameters(HR, VO_2, RF, and EE) gradually increased with the change in gradient from downhill to level to uphill. The distributed mode showed higher values compared to compact mode for all gradients, e.g., for VO_2, there was a 10.7, 7.4, 5.1, 28.2 and 18.7% increase in the distributed mode across the 5 different ***: It can be concluded from the present study that the compact mode of load carriage is more beneficial than the distributed mode in terms of cardiorespiratory responses while walking on downhill and uphill surfaces with a 31.4 kg load.

关键词： Heavy load carriage Cardio respiratory responses Gradients Soldiers

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Soldiers' load carriage performance in high mountains: a physiological study

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Military Medical Research 2017年第3期4卷 132-140页

作者： Tirthankar Chatterjee debojyoti bhattacharyya Anilendu Pramanik Madhusudan Pal Deepti Majumdar Dhurjati Majumdar Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences Defence Research & Development Organisation Ministry of DefenceGovernment of India Retired from-Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences Defence Research and Development Organization Ministry of DefenceGovernment of India

Background: The present study was designed to evaluate load carriage performance at extremely high altitudes with different loads and walking speeds in terms of physiological evaluation. The degree of maximum oxygen consumption changes at high altitudes was also ***: Twelve Indian Army soldiers were acclimatized at altitudes of 3,505 m and 4,300 m. They walked for 10 minutes on a motorized treadmill at 2.5km/h and 3.5km/h speeds during carrying no loads and three magnitudes of load(10.7kg, 21.4kg, 30kg) at both altitudes. Physiological parameters such as oxygen consumption, energy expenditure, heart rate, and ventilation were recorded for each breath using a gas analyzer. The rating of perceived exertion was also noted after each load carriage session. Maximal oxygen consumption(VO2max) was measured at sea level and the two high altitudes, and respective relative workloads(% of VO2max) were calculated from oxygen consumption. Repeated measure ANOVA was applied to reveal the significant effects of the independent ***: The participants had significant reductions in VO2 max with rising altitude. Marked increases in almost all physiological parameters were observed with increasing load, altitude, and speed. The soldiers expressed heavy perceived exertion levels with higher loads at 3.5km/h at the two high ***: Considering the physiological responses, expressions of perceived exertion and changes in relative work load at both of the high altitudes. Indian soldiers are advised to walk slowly with adequate rest in between their schedules and to carry not more than 32% of their body weight.

关键词： Load carriage High altitude Walking speed Physiological responses

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Heat transfer in boundary layer stagnation-point flow towards a shrinking sheet with non-uniform heat flux

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Chinese Physics B 2013年第7期22卷 328-333页

作者： Krishnendu bhattacharyya Department of Mathematics The University of Burdwan

In this paper, the effect of non-uniform heat flux on heat transfer in boundary layer stagnation-point flow over a shrinking sheet is studied. The variable boundary heat fluxes are considered of two types： direct power-law variation with the distance along the sheet and inverse power-law variation with the distance. The governing partial differential equations （PDEs） are transformed into non linear self-similar ordinary differential equations （ODEs） by similarity transformations, and then those are solved using very efficient shooting method. The direct variation and inverse variation of heat flux along the sheet have completely different effects on the temperature distribution. Moreover, the heat transfer characteristics in the presence of non-uniform heat flux for several values of physical parameters are also found to be interesting.

关键词： non-uniform heat flux heat transfer stagnation-point flow shrinking sheet

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Boundary Layer Flow and Heat Transfer over an Exponentially Shrinking Sheet

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Chinese Physics Letters 2011年第7期28卷 198-201页

作者： Krishnendu bhattacharyya Department of Mathematics the University of BurdwanBurdwan-713104West BengalIndia

An analysis is made to study boundary layer flow and heat transfer over an exponentially shrinking *** similarity transformations in exponential form,the governing boundary layer equations are transformed into self-similar nonlinear ordinary differential equations,which are then solved numerically using a very efficient shooting *** analysis reveals the conditions for the existence of steady boundary layer flow due to exponential shrinking of the sheet and it is found that when the mass suction parameter exceeds a certain critical value,steady flow is *** dual solutions for velocity and temperature distributions are *** increasing values of the mass suction parameter,the skin friction coefficient increases for the first solution and decreases for the second solution.

关键词： solution method exponential

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Dual Solutions in Unsteady Stagnation-Point Flow over a Shrinking Sheet

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Chinese Physics Letters 2011年第8期28卷 165-168页

作者： Krishnendu bhattacharyya Department of Mathematics The University of BurdwanBurdwan-713104West BengalIndia

An analysis is made to study the dual nature of solution of unsteady stagnation-point flow due to a shrinking *** similarity transformations,the governing boundary layer equations are transformed into the self-similar nonlinear ordinary differential *** transformed equations are solved numerically using a very efficient shooting *** study reveals the conditions of existence,uniqueness and non-existence of unsteady similarity *** dual solutions for velocity distribution exist for certain values of velocity ratio parameter(c/a),and the increment in the unsteadiness parameter A increases the range of c/a where solution ***,with increasing A,the skin friction coefficient increases for the first solution and decreases for the second.

关键词： solution method unsteady

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Simultaneous observations of a pair of kilohertz QPOs and a plausible 1860Hz QPO from an accreting neutron star system

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2010年第3期10卷 227-234页

作者： Sudip bhattacharyya Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics Tata Institute of Fundamental Research

We report an indication （3.22 or） of ≈ 1860 Hz quasi-periodic oscillations from a neutron star low-mass X-ray binary 4U 1636-536. If confirmed, this will be by far the highest frequency feature observed from an accreting neutron star system, and hence could be very useful in understanding such systems. This plausible timing feature was observed simultaneously with lower （≈ 585 Hz） and upper （≈ 904 Hz） kilohertz quasi-periodic oscillations. The two kilohertz quasi-periodic oscillation frequencies had a ratio of ≈ 1.5, and the frequency of the alleged ≈ 1860 Hz feature was close to the triple and the double values of these frequencies. This can be useful for constraining the models of all the three features. In particular, the ≈ 1860Hz feature could be （1） from a new and heretofore unknown class of quasi-periodic oscillations, or （2） the first observed overtone of lower or upper kilohertz quasi-periodic oscillations. Finally, we note that, although the relatively low significance of the ≈ 1860 Hz feature argues for caution, even a 3.22 σ feature at such a uniquely high frequency should be interesting enough to spur a systematic search in the archival data, as well as to scientifically motivate sufficiently large timing instruments for the next generation X-ray missions.

关键词： accretion accretion disks -- methods: data analysis -- relativity -- stars: neutron -- X-rays: binaries -- X-rays: individual (4U 1636-536)

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A network based efficient drug repurposing strategy for targeting diabesity

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Genes & Diseases 2023年第2期10卷 340-343页

作者： Subhajit Dutta Ted Natoli Deep Chanda Sindhuja Rajavelu debojyoti De Laboratory of Cellular Differentiation & Metabolic Disorder Department of BiotechnologyNational Institute of TechnologyDurgapurWest Bengal 713209India Cancer Program Broad Institute of MIT and HarvardCambridgeMA 02142USA

Type II diabetes and obesity are two of the most prevalent metabolic disorders effecting a huge population throughout the world. Research over the last decade has unequivocally established considerable molecular links between them and hence they are often described in conjugation as ‘diabesity’. The hallmarks of type II diabetes are primarily reduced insulin sensitivity, progressive insulin resistance and consequent hyperinsulinemia.1 Whereas, hyperinsulinemia promotes a plethora of fat synthesis from excess circulating carbohydrate and hyperactive fat storage mechanisms, ultimately inducing hepatic steatosis, myosteatosis and pancreatic steatosis.1 This in turn, aggravates the insulin sensitivity further, inflicting more insulin resistance and even more hyperinsulinemia. Needless to mention that the vicious process in turn, promotes uncontrolled weight gain1 and many secondary metabolic disorders. The prevalent anti-diabetic and anti-obesity medications comes with several limitations ranging from inefficiency to adverse side effects.2 Here, we report an efficient strategy of repositioning previously approved drugs with novel indication in the context of diabesity by investigating deregulated signalling axes affecting patients with both the disorders. Our approach relies extensively on deciphering the strength of gene association in various interactomes, as it is known that within networks, genes linked to similar disease phenotypes tend to be functionally similar3 and remain proximal to each other.4 Moreover, the potential drug targets associated to a disease pathway also cluster proximal to the disease pathways.

关键词： hence primarily network

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Stress distribution variations during nanoindentation failure of hard coatings on silicon substrates

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Nanotechnology and Precision Engineering 2023年第4期6卷 1-10页

作者： Ritambhara Dash Kushal bhattacharyya Arnab S.bhattacharyya Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering Central University of JharkhandRanchi 835205India Department of Mechanical Engineering Netaji Subhash Engineering CollegeKolkata 700152India Centre of Excellence in Green and Efficient Energy Technology(CoE GEET) Central University of JharkhandRanchi 835205India

Regarding quality inspection of technologically important nanocomposite hard coatings based on Ti,B,Si,C,and N and bioceramics such as hydroxyapatite that are used in small-scale high-precision devices and bio-implants,it is essential to study the failure mechanisms associated with nanoindentation,such as fracture,delamination,and *** stress imposed by the indenter can affect the fracture morphology and the interfacial fracture energy,depending on indenter shape,substrate type,crystallographic properties,pre-existing flaws,internal microcracks,and *** here are finite-element-based fracture studies that provide insights into the different cracking mechanisms related to the aforementioned failure process,showing that the fracture morphology is affected by the interaction of different cracking *** interfacial fracture energy,toughness,and residual stress are calculated using existing models with minor adjustments,and it is found that increasing the indenter sharpness improves the shear stress distribution,making the coating more prone to *** on the prevailing type of stress,the stress distribution beneath the depression results in either crack formation or a dislocation pile-up leading to strain *** forms of resistances resulting from the indentation process are found to affect the tip–sample conduction,and because of its stronger induced plasticity than that of a Berkovich indenter tip,a sharper cube-corner tip produces more resistance.

关键词： Nanoindentation Hard film Finite-element analysis(FEA) Cracking mechanism Stress

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Heat transfer for boundary layers with cross flow

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Chinese Physics B 2014年第2期23卷 327-332页

作者： Krishnendu bhattacharyya Ioan Pop Department of Mathematics The University of Burdwan Faculty of Mathematics Babes-Bolyai University

An analysis is presented to study the dual nature of solutions for the forced convective boundary layer flow and heat transfer in a cross flow with viscous dissipation terms in the energy equation. The governing equations are transformed into a set of three self-similar ordinary differential equations by similarity transformations. These equations are solved numerically using the very efficient shooting method. This study reveals that the dual solutions of the transformed similarity equations for velocity and temperature distributions exist for certain values of the moving parameter, Prandtl number, and Eckert numbers. The reverse heat flux is observed for larger Eckert numbers; that is, heat absorption at the wall occurs.

关键词： heat transfer boundary layer cross flow viscous dissipation dual solutions

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Neutrino Mass Generation in SO(4) Model

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Communications in Theoretical Physics 2010年第8期54卷 305-307页

作者： Indranath bhattacharyya Department of Mathematics Govt.College of Engineering and Ceramic Technology

Generation of neutrino mass in SO（4） model is proposed here. The algebraic structure of SO （4） is same as to that ofSU（2）L x SU（2）R. It is shown that the spontaneous symmetry breaking results three massive as well as three massless gauge bosons. The standard model theory according to which there exist three massive gauge bosons and a massless one is emerged from this model. In the framework ofSU（2）L x SU（2）R a small Dirac neutrino mass is derived. It is also shown that such mass term may vanish with a special choice. The Majorana mass term is not considered here and thus in this model the neutrino mass does not follow seesaw structure.

关键词： left right symmetry S0(4) modei extension of electroweak gauge sectors neutrino mass generation Dirac neutrino mass

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