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Changing face of hepatic encephalopathy:Role of inflammation and oxidative stress

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2010年第27期16卷 3347-3357页

作者： Amit S Seyan Robin D Hughes debbie L Shawcross Institute of Liver Studies King's College London School of Medicine at King's College HospitalKing's College Hospital

The face of hepatic encephalopathy(HE) is *** review explores how this neurocognitive disorder,which is associated with both acute and chronic liver injury,has grown to become a dynamic syndrome that spans a spectrum of neuropsychological impairment,from normal performance to *** central role of ammonia in the pathogenesis of HE remains ***,over the past 10 years,the HE community has begun to characterise the key roles of inflammation,infection,and oxidative/nitrosative stress in modulating the pathophysiological effects of ammonia on the *** review explores the current thoughts and evidence base in this area and discusses the potential role of existing and novel therapies that might abrogate the oxidative and nitrosative stresses inflicted on the brain in patients with,or at risk of developing,HE.

关键词： Hepatic encephalopathy Ammonia Inflammation Oxidative stress Astrocyte

Okara as a protein supplement affects feed intake and milk composition of ewes and growth performance of lambs

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Animal Nutrition 2017年第2期3卷 171-174页

作者： Laura B.Harthan debbie J.R.Cherney Department of Animal Science Cornell University Department of Dairy Science College of Agriculture and Life SciencesVirginia TechBlacksburg

Evaluating the feeding value of wet okara as a protein supplement for lactating ewes with twin lambs was the objective. A 4 x 4 Latin square replicated 2 x(4 sheep, 4 treatments, 4 periods per square; 2 squares) was conducted to examine the influence of concentrate mix(okara or not) and type of forage(silage or hay) on ewe milk composition and growth of their lactating lambs. Treatment periods were 14 days(7 days adaptation and 7 days collection). Ewes(55 to 74.8 kg BW) were fed 1 of 4 diets: wheat middling and corn concentrate with mixed grass hay(TSH), okara and corn with mixed grass hay(OSH),soybean and wheat middlings with hay crop silage(TSS), and okara and corn with hay crop silage(OSS).Ewes fed hay diets had lower forage dry matter intakes than ewes fed silage. Intake of okara supplement was higher(P < 0.05) with OSH(3.64 kg/d) than with OSS(1.70 kg/d). There was no difference in supplement intake between TSH and TSS. There were no differences among diets for lamb daily gains or in ewe milk compositions among the diets. Okara is an effective source of protein for lactating ewes and their twin lambs.

关键词： Okara Protein Lactating ewe Suckling lamb

Effects of sun compass error on spatial search by Clark’s nutcrackers

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Integrative Zoology 2019年第2期14卷 172-181页

作者： debbie M.KELLY Ken CHENG Russell BALDA Alan C.KAMIL Department of Psychology University of ManitobaWinnipegCanada Department of Biological Sciences Macquarie UniversitySydneyAustralia Department of Biological Sciences Northern Arizona UniversityFlagstaffUSA Department of Biological Sciences University of Nebraska-LincolnLincolnUSA

Animals employ compasses during navigation,but little attention has been paid to how accuracy is maintained in the face of compass error,which is inevitable in biological *** use of multiple landmarks may minimize the effect of compass *** allowed Clark’s nutcrackers to cache seeds in an outdoor aviary with either one or four landmarks present,and subsequently subjected them to small clock-shifts mimicking the effects of compass *** predicted,the results showed a significant decrease in search accuracy following the clock-shift when one landmark was present but not when four landmarks were *** results support that nutcrackers encode information from the sun as well as terrestrial landmarks,and these spatial cues are used in a flexible ***,our results are important as they support the hypothesis that multiple landmarks may be used during situations where the sun compass has even a small amount of error.

关键词： Clark’s nutcracker clock-shift error landmarks sun compass

Iron:An emerging factor in colorectal carcinogenesis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2010年第6期16卷 663-672页

作者： Anita CG Chua Borut Klopcic Ian C Lawrance John K Olynyk debbie Trinder debbie Trinder School of Medicine and PharmacologyThe University of Western AustraliaFremantle Hospital Western Australian Institute for Medical Research Fremantle Hospital The Centre for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases Fremantle Hospital

The carcinogenic potential of iron in colorectal cancer(CRC) is not fully *** is able to undergo reduction and oxidation,making it important in many physiological *** inherent redox property of iron,however,also renders it toxic when it is present in ***-mediated generation of reactive oxygen species via the Fenton reaction,if uncontrolled,may lead to cell damage as a result of lipid peroxidation and oxidative DNA and protein *** may promote carcinogenesis through increased genomic instability,chromosomal rearrangements as well as mutations of proto-oncogenes and tumour suppressor genes. Carcinogenesis is also affected by inflammation which is exacerbated by *** studies indicate an association between high dietary iron intake and CRC *** this editorial,we examine the link betweeniron-induced oxidative stress and inflammation on the pathogenesis of CRC.

关键词： Iron Haem Colorectal cancer Oxidative stress Inflammation Haemochromatosis

Dominant species of mid-elevation grasslands of the uKhahlamba-Drakensberg Park are predicted to be largely immune to climate change

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山地科学学报(英文) 2023年第9期20卷 2468-2486页

作者： debbie JEWITT Craig D.MORRIS Tim G.O’CONNOR Michelle J.TEDDER Ezemvelo KZN Wildlife Scientific ServicesPO Box 13053Cascades 3202South Africa School of Animal Plant and Environmental SciencesUniversity of the WitwatersrandJohannesburgPrivate Bag X3WITS 2050South Africa Agricultural Research Council-Animal Production(ARC-AP) ℅School of Life Sciences University of KwaZulu-NatalPrivate Bag X01Scottsville 3209PietermaritzburgSouth Africa School of Life Sciences University of KwaZulu-NatalPrivate Bag X01Scottsville 3209PietermaritzburgSouth Africa

Anticipating global change impact on natural vegetation,especially in poorly researched systems,requires an understanding of the environmental factors that most strongly influence the organisation of plant communities at different *** environmental relations of plant communities in the Drakensberg mountains of South Africa remain poorly *** study investigated the influence of selected environmental determinants on the dominant species of plant community organisation in this *** order to provide an overview of the influence of the environment on botanical composition and plant diversity,this study,conducted as four discrete exercises,investigated the interplay of altitude,aspect and slope on the abundance of selected species,and to examine the influence of latitude,geological substrate and local topography on species *** diversity showed no pattern of response to investigated environmental *** composition was related to temperature and solarradiation *** altitude sites facing east were distinct for non-graminoid *** and latitude exerted a pronounced effect on species composition,confounded by longitude and precipitation *** substrate,in concert with slope steepness and orientation,influenced composition,restricting the abundance but not distribution of some *** individualistic responses were found for C_3,C_4,and non-graminoid species in relation to altitude,slope and *** and aspect mediate the effects of altitude and hence temperature for some *** study has demonstrated the complexity of drivers influencing species and compositional distribution in the Drakensberg and permits a preliminary consideration of potential changes in the composition and dominance structure of mid-elevation grasslands in response to climate *** dominant grass species were widespread across environmental gradients,occupying currently warm,cool,moist and dry habitats

关键词： Drakensberg Environmental gradients Grasslands Mountain biodiversity Vegetation

Bottom-Up Engineering Strategies for High-Performance Thermoelectric Materials

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Nano-Micro Letters 2021年第8期13卷 56-93页

作者： Qiang Zhu Suxi Wang Xizu Wang Ady Suwardi Ming Hui Chua Xiang Yun debbie Soo Jianwei Xu Institute of Materials Research and Engineering A*STAR(Agency for ScienceTechnology and Research)2 Fusionopolis WayInnovis#08-03Singapore 138634Singapore Department of Chemistry National University of Singapore3 Science Drive 3Singapore 117543Singapore

The recent advancements in thermoelectric materials are largely credited to two factors,namely established physical theories and advanced materials engineering *** developments in the physical theories have come a long way from the“phonon glass electron crystal”paradigm to the more recent band convergence and nanostructuring,which consequently results in drastic improvement in the thermoelectric figure of merit *** the other hand,the progresses in materials fabrication methods and processing technologies have enabled the discovery of new physical mechanisms,hence further facilitating the emergence of high-performance thermoelectric *** recent years,many comprehensive review articles are focused on various aspects of thermoelectrics ranging from thermoelectric materials,physical mechanisms and materials process techniques in particular with emphasis on solid state *** bottom-up approaches to obtain thermoelectric materials have widely been employed in thermoelectrics,comprehensive reviews on summarizing such methods are still *** this review,we will outline a variety of bottom-up strategies for preparing high-performance thermoelectric *** addition,state-of-art,challenges and future opportunities in this domain will be commented.

关键词： Thermoelectric Nanostructures Bottom-up Synthesis Nanomaterials

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Liver iron transport

World Journal of Gastroenterology 2007年第35期13卷 4725-4736页

作者： Ross M Graham Anita CG Chua Carly E Herbison John K Olynyk debbie Trinder School of Medicine and Pharmacology Fremantle HospitalUniversity of Western AustraliaFremantleWestern AustraliaAustralia School of Medicine and Pharmacology Fremantle HospitalUniversity of Western AustraliaFremantleWestern AustraliaAustralia Western Australian Institute for Medical ResearchNedlandsWestern AustraliaAustralia

The liver plays a central role in iron metabolism. It is the major storage site for iron and also expresses a complex range of molecules which are involved in iron transport and regulation of iron homeostasis. An increasing number of genes associated with hepatic iron transport or regulation have been identified. These include transferrin receptors （TFRI and 2）, a ferrireductase （STEAP3）, the transporters divalent metal transporter-1 （DMT1） and ferroportin （FPN） as well as the haemochromatosis protein, HFE and haemojuvelin （HJV）, which are signalling molecules. Many of these genes also participate in iron regulatory pathways which focus on the hepatic peptide hepcidin. However, we are still only beginning to understand the complex interactions between liver iron transport and iron homeostasis. This review outlines our current knowledge of molecules of iron metabolism and their roles in iron transport and regulation of iron homeostasis.

关键词： Liver Iron homeostasis Iron uptake Iron release Iron transporters Hereditary haemochromatosis

Temporal and Spatial Changes in the Pattern of Iba1 and CD68 Staining in the Rat Brain Following Severe Traumatic Brain Injury

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Modern Research in Inflammation 2015年第2期4卷 9-23页

作者： debbie Smith Diane Brooks Eric Wohlgehagen thomas Rau David Poulsen Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences The University of Montana Missoula USA Neurosurgery Department SUNY-School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences University at Buffalo Buffalo USA

We have previously demonstrated that acute treatment with low dose methamphetamine is neuroprotectivein a rat model of severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). Using gene expression analysis, we further showed that methamphetamine treatment significantly reduced the expression of pro-inflammatory genes after severe TBI. Therefore, to further investigate the potential effects of methamphetamine treatment on the neuroinflammatory response, we examined immunofluorescent staining of Iba1 and CD68, two marker of neuroinflammation, in the rat lateral fluid percussion injury model of severe TBI. In this study, we observed temporal and spatial alterations in the pattern of Iba1 and CD68 labeling within two weeks after severe TBI. In general, methamphetamine treatment did not dramatically alter the pattern of Iba1 and CD68 staining. However, we did observe a unique and significant drug-induced increase of Iba1 labeling within the granule cell layer of the dentate gyrusat 48 hours post injury. We also observed rod-shaped Iba1+?cells within the core lesion in the cortex. These cells showed variable staining with CD68 and aligned most closely with MAP2+?neuronal processes. Thus, acute treatment with low-dose methamphetamine after severe TBI caused a transient bilateral increase of Iba1+?cells within the granule layer of the dentate gyrus but did not alter the overall temporal and regional pattern of Iba1 and CD68 staining within the cortex, periventricular white matter, fimbria, or thalamus.

关键词： TBI Methamphetamine Iba1 CD68

Acupuncture Forbidden Points for Low Back Pain in Pregnancy: A Literature Review Synthesis

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Journal of Acupuncture and Tuina Science 2014年第2期12卷 114-124页

作者： debbie R.Rodriguez Lawrence J.Ryan Yo San University of Traditional Chinese Medicine

There has long been a controversy whether forbidden points truly exist, or if they have any bearing in contemporary practice. This study used literature review synthesis method to examine the application of acupuncture at the "forbidden points" for low back pain and pelvic pain in pregnancy. This study addresses the potential implications of needling the forbidden points during pregnancy.

关键词： Acupuncture Therapy Pregnancy Low Back Pain Points, Forbidden