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Supplementation of vitamin e or a botanical extract as antioxidants to improve growth performance and health of growing pigs housed under thermoneutral or heat-stressed conditions

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2024年第3期15卷 1101-1118页

作者： Ysenia V.Silva‑Guillen Consuelo Arellano Jeffrey Wiegert R.dean Boyd Gabriela e.Martinez eric van Heugten Department of Animal Science North Carolina State UniversityRaleighNC 27695USA Department of Statistics North Carolina State UniversityRaleighNC 27695USA Department of Animal Science Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationTX 77843USA Animal Nutrition Research LLCAlvatonKY 42122USA.

Background Heat stress has severe negative consequences on performance and health of pigs,leading to significant economic *** objective of this study was to investigate the effects of supplemental vitamin e and a botanical extract in feed or drinking water on growth performance,intestinal health,and oxidative and immune status in grow-ing pigs housed under heat stress *** Duplicate experiments were conducted,each using 64 crossbred pigs with an initial body weight of 50.7±3.8 and 43.9±3.6 kg and age of 13-week and 12-week,***(n=128)were housed individually and assigned within weight blocks and sex to a 2×4 factorial arrangement consisting of 2 environments(thermo-neutral(21.2℃)or heat-stressed(30.9℃))and 4 supplementation treatments(control diet;control+100 IU/L of D-α-tocopherol in water;control+200 IU/kg of DL-α-tocopheryl-acetate in feed;or control+400 mg/kg of a botanical extract in feed).Results Heat stress for 28 d reduced(P≤0.001)final body weight,average daily gain,and average daily feed intake(-7.4 kg,-26.7%,and-25.4%,respectively)but no effects of supplementation were detected(P>0.05).Serum vitamin e increased(Pe supplementation in water and in feed(1.64 vs.3.59 and 1.64 vs.3.24),but not for the botanical extract(1.64 vs.1.67 mg/kg)and was greater when supplemented in water ***(P=0.002).Liver vitamin e increased(Pe supplementations in water(3.9 vs.31.8)and feed(3.9 vs.18.0),but not with the botanical extract(3.9 vs.4.9 mg/kg).Serum malondialdehyde was reduced with heat stress on d 2,but increased on d 28(interaction,Peater(Pementation compared to *** proliferation was reduced(P=0.037)in the jejunum under heat stress,but increased in the ileum when vitamin e was supplemented in feed and water under heat stress(interaction,P=0.04).Tumor necrosis factor-αin jejunum and ileum mucosa decreased by heat stress(Pe

关键词： Botanical extract Growing pigs Heat stress Immune status Oxidative status Tocopherol Water

马尔代夫泛在化教育的演变:实践、挑战和问题

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云南开放大学学报 2024年第1期26卷 5-9页

作者：埃西姆·阿卜杜勒·萨塔尔 dean Faculty of Arts The Maldives National University

Learning and teaching have been undergoing transformational changes in the past 100 years,each change promising a richer and more meaningful interaction of learners and instructors. Beginning from the limitations of correspondence courses and distance education, remote learning has trended through computerassisted instruction(CAI), e-learning, m-learning, and now ubiquitous or u-learning. Some forms of this type of education have been renamed or repackaged in multiple forms of instruction including hybrid and flexible learning. More recently, u-learning or ubiquitous learning has been gaining currency and *** article outlines the development of education other than face-to-face learning and teaching in the context of the Maldives to disentangle its practices, challenges, and issues. Some of these issues are likely to impact u-learning and its descendent and off-shoot modes.

关键词： likely CAI 泛在化

Shock standards Cu, Ag, Ir, and Pt in a wide pressure range

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Matter and Radiation at extremes 2023年第4期8卷 37-46页

作者： Leonid Burakovsky dean L.Preston Scott D.Ramsey Charles e.Starrett Roy S.Baty Los Alamos National Laboratory Los AlamosNew Mexico 87545USA

Although they are polymorphic(multiphase)materials,both copper and silver are reliable Hugoniot standards,and thus it is necessary to establish an accurate analytic model of their principal *** we present analytic forms of their principal Hugoniots,as well as those of iridium and platinum,two“pusher”standards for shock-ramp experiments,over a wide range of *** are based on our new analytic model of the principal Hugoniot[Burakovsky et al.,***.132,215109(2022)].Comparison of the four Hugoniots with experimental and independent theoretical data(such data exist to very high pressures for both copper and silver)demonstrates excellent ***,the new model for copper and silver can be considered as providing the corresponding Hugoniot standards over a wide pressure *** also suggest an approach for calculating the Grüneisen parameter along the Hugoniot and apply it to copper as a prototype,and our results appear to be in good agreement with the available data.

关键词： silver copper analytic

Myokine Response to Blood-Flow Restricted Resistance exercise in Younger and Older Males in an Untrained and Resistance-Trained State:A Pilot Study

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Journal of Science in Sport and exercise 2023年第3期5卷 203-217页

作者： dean M.Cordingley Judy e.Anderson Stephen M.Cornish Applied Health Sciences University of ManitobaWinnipegMB R3T 2N2Canada Pan Am Clinic Foundation 75 Poseidon BayWinnipegMB R3M 3E4Canada Faculty of Science University of ManitobaWinnipegMBCanada Faculty of Kinesiology and Recreation Management University of Manitoba110 Frank Kennedy CentreWinnipegMB R3T 2N2Canada Centre for Aging University of ManitobaWinnipegMB R3T 2N2Canada

Purpose The purpose of this study was to examine the response of myokines to blood-flow restricted resistance-exercise(BFR-Re)in younger and older males before and after completing a 12-week resistance-training *** There were 8 younger(24.8±3.9 yrs)and 7 older(68.3±5.0 yrs)untrained male participants completed this *** and maximal strength(1RM)measurements were collected before and after a 12-week,supervised,progres-sive full-body resistance-training *** well,an acute bout of full-body BFR-Re was performed with venipuncture blood samples collected before and immediately following the BFR-Re,followed by sampling at 3,6,24 and 48 *** The 12-week training program stimulated a 32.2%increase in average strength and 30%increase in strength per kg of fat free *** response of particular myokines to the acute bout of BFR-Re was influenced training status(IL-4,untrained=78.1±133.2 pg/mL ***=59.8±121.6 pg/mL,P=0.019;IL-7,untrained=3.46±1.8 pg/mL ***=2.66±1.3 pg/mL,P=0.047)or both training and age(irisin,P=0.04;leukemia inhibitory factor,Pell,changes in strength per kg of fat free mass were correlated with area under the curve for IL-4(r=0.537;P=0.039),IL-6(r=0.525;P=0.044)and LIF(r=−0.548;P=0.035)in the untrained *** This study identified that both age and training status influence the myokine response to an acute bout of BFR-Re with the release of IL-4,IL-6 and LIF in the untrained state being associated with changes in strength per kg of fat free mass.

关键词： Hypertrophy Myokine exercise immunology BFR Aging

Brain-derived cell-free DNA

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Neural Regeneration Research 2022年第10期17卷 2213-2214页

作者： dean Southwood Sanyukta Singh Zac Chatterton Brain and Mind Center School of Medical SciencesDepartment of NeuroscienceThe University of SydneyCamperdownNSWAustralia

Following cell death,DNA can be released into the blood plasma and other body fluids in the form of cell-free DNA(cfDNA).These DNA fragments are typically~167 bp in length,corresponding to the length of DNA wrapped around one nucleosome core(147 bp),plus DNA tails that survive endogenous DNase digestion(~10 bp).CfDNA is derived from a variety of sources,each having unique diagnostic *** pregnancy,fetal-derived cfDNA within an expectant mother’s blood plasma can diagnose fetal genetic abnormalities and is a well-established method for non-invasive prenatal ***-derived cfDNA is also detectable within blood plasma by high sensitivity methods(e.g.,NGS,ddPCR)and can accurately diagnose cancers by a minimally invasive blood test(Diehl et al.,2008).The short half-life of cfDNA(es real-time measurement of disease burden,such as monitoring cancer *** is now growing evidence of brain-derived cfDNA(bd-cfDNA)within the cerebrospinal fluid(CSF)and blood *** this perspective,we review the present understanding,current challenges,and potential utility of bd-cfDNA.

关键词： fetal mother endogenous

evaluation of hydro-mechano-chemical behaviour of bentonite-sand mixtures

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical engineering 2022年第2期14卷 637-652页

作者： Wenjing Sun Cheng Liu Diansen Yang dean Sun Department of Civil and energy engineering College of Environmental Science and EngineeringDonghua UniversityShanghai201620China Institute for the Conservation of Cultural Heritage Shanghai UniversityShanghai200444China State Key Laboratory of Geomechanics and Geotechnical engineering Institute of Rock and Soil MechanicsChinese Academy of SciencesWuhan430071China Shanghai Construction Group Co. Ltd.Shanghai200080China Department of Civil engineering School of Mechanics and Engineering ScienceShanghai UniversityShanghai200444China

Bentonite-sand mixtures are widely used in engineering barrier of deep geological disposal of high-level radioactive nuclear waste and anti-seepage barrier of civil geotechnical *** the action of groundwater solution infiltration and external stress,the hydro-mechanical(HM)behaviour of bentonitesand mixtures,*** swelling characteristics and permeability,will *** the anti-seepage and filtration effect is weakened or lost,the pollutants will spread to the ***,it is necessary to study the swelling characteristics and permeability of bentonite-sand mixtures under coupled mechanochemical(MC)effect and to establish corresponding prediction *** this reason,swelling tests under salt solution with different concentrations are conducted on pure bentonite and its mixtures with 30%,70%and 90%sand contents,the compression tests are carried out on saturated samples,and the saturated permeability coefficient k of the sample under each load is calculated by Terzaghi’s one-dimensional consolidation *** concepts of true effective stress pe,montmorillonite void ratio em and critical sand content as are introduced to determine the em-pe relationship and finally the k-em relationship of bentonite-sand *** is found that when the sand content aas,the em-pe relationship of the mixture is linear and independent of the salt solution concentration,and when a>as,the em-pe relationship of bentonite-sand mixture is bi-linear with the true effective deviatoric stress pesa as the *** addition,the em-k relationship also shows the linear trend when aas,and the slope of the line increases with the increase of the salt solution *** a>as,the k-em relationship will deviate from the linear ***,the larger the sand content is,the farther the deviation *** the basis of summing the regularity,a model for predicting the HM behaviour of bentonite-sand mixture under the coupled MC effect is proposed.B

关键词： Bentonite-sand mixture Hydro-mechano-chemical(HMC)behaviour Salt solution True effective stress

Interlayer-confined two-dimensional manganese oxide-carbon nanotube catalytic ozonation membrane for efficient water purification

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Frontiers of Chemical Science and engineering 2022年第5期16卷 731-744页

作者： dean Xu Tong Ding Yuqing Sun Shilong Li Wenheng Jing State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical engineering Nanjing Tech UniversityNanjing 210009China

Catalytic ozonation technology has attracted copious attention in water purification owing to its favorable oxidative degradation of pollutants and mitigation of membrane fouling ***,its extensive industrial application has been restricted by the low ozone utilization and limited mass transfer of the short-lived radical *** space-confined catalysis has been theoretically proven to be a viable strategy for achieving high catalytic ***,a two-dimensional MnO_(2)-incorporated ceramic membrane with tunable interspacing,which was obtained via the intercalation of a carbon nanotube,was designed as a catalytic ozonation membrane reactor for degrading methylene *** from the abundant catalytic active sites on the surface of two-dimensional MnO_(2) as well as the ultralow mass transfer resistance of fluids due to the nanolayer confinement,an excellent mineralization effect,i.e.,1.2 mg O_(3)(aq)mg^(-1) TOC removal(a total organic carbon removal rate of 71.5%),was achieved within a hydraulic retention time of 0.045 s of pollutant ***,the effects of hydraulic retention time and interlayer spacing on methylene blue removal were ***,the mechanism of the catalytic ozonation employing catalytic ozonation membrane was proposed based on the contribution of the Mn(III/IV)redox pair to electron transfer to generate the reactive oxygen *** innovative twodimensional confinement catalytic ozonation membrane could act as a nanoreactor and separator to efficiently oxidize organic pollutants and enhance the control of membrane fouling during water purification.

关键词： catalytic membrane reactor catalytic ozonation nanoconfinement two-dimensional manganese oxide

A discrete-time susceptible-infectious-recovered-susceptible model for the analysis of influenza data

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Infectious Disease Modelling 2023年第2期8卷 471-483页

作者： Georges Bucyibaruta C.B.dean Mahmoud Torabi Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science University of Waterloo200 University Ave WWaterlooONN2L 3G1Canada Department of Community Health Sciences University of ManitobaWinnipegManitobaR3E 0W3Canada

We develop a discrete time compartmental model to describe the spread of seasonal influenza *** time and disease state variables are assumed to be discrete,this model is considered to be a discrete time,stochastic,Susceptible-Infectious-RecoveredSusceptible(DT-SIRS)model,where weekly counts of disease are assumed to follow a Poisson *** allow the disease transmission rate to also vary over time,and the disease can only be reintroduced after extinction if there is a contact with infected individuals from other host *** capture the variability of influenza activities from one season to the next,we define the seasonality with a 4-week period effect that may change over *** examine three different transmission rates and compare their performance to that of existing *** though there is limited information for susceptible and recovered individuals,we demonstrate that the simple models for transmission rates effectively capture the behaviour of the disease *** use a Bayesian approach for *** framework is applied in an analysis of the temporal spread of influenza in the province of Manitoba,Canada,2012e2015.

关键词： Discrete-time epidemic model Infectious diseases Influx process Non-linear stochastic dynamics Seasonal influenza SIRS model Transmission parameter

Town-scale microbial sewer community and H2S emissions response to common chemical and biological dosing treatments

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2020年第1期32卷 133-148页

作者： elizabeth R.Mathews Jennifer L.Wood dean Phillips Nathan Billington dean Barnett Ashley e.Franks Department of Physiology Anatomy and MicrobiologyLa Trobe UniversityMelbourneAustralia Centre for Future Landscapes La Trobe UniversityMelbourneAustralia Faculty of Science Engineering and TechnologySwinburne University of TechnologyMelbourneAustralia Western Water SunburyAustralia

Controlling hydrogen sulfide(H2S)odors and emissions using a single,effective treatment across a town-scale sewer network is a challenge faced by many water *** of a sewer diversion provided the opportunity to compare the effectiveness of magnesium hydroxide(Mg(OH)2)and two biological dosing compounds(Bioproducts A and B),with different modes of action(MOA),in a field-test across a large sewer ***(OH)2 increases sewer p H allowing suppression of H2S release into the sewer environment while Bioproduct A acts to disrupt microbial communication through quorum sensing(QS),reducing biofilm *** B reduces H2S odors by scouring the sewer of fats,oils and grease(FOGs),which provide adhesion points for the microbial *** revealed that only Mg(OH)2 altered the microbial community structure and reduced H2S emissions in a live sewer system,whilst Bioproducts A and B did not reduce H2S emissions or have an observable effect on the composition of the microbial community at the dosed *** results recommend in situ testing of dosing treatments before implementation across an operational system.

关键词： Microbially induced concrete corrosion Biological dosing treatments Magnesium hydroxide Hydrogen sulfide Sulfate-reducing bacteria Microbial ecology