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Soil fungal and prokaryotic community structure exhibits differential short-term responses to timber harvest in the Pacific Northwest

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Pedosphere 2020年第1期30卷 109-125页

作者： Rachel E.DANIELSON Megan L.MCGINNIS Scott M.HOLUB david D.myrold Department of Crop and Soil Science Oregon State UniversityCorvallis OR 97331-7306(USA) United State Forest Service Helena-Lewis and Clark National Forest2880 Skyway DriveHelena MT 59602(USA) Weyerhaeuser Company PO Box 275Springfield OR 97477(USA) Department of Land Airand Water ResourcesUniversity of CaliforniaDavis CA 95616USA

Conventional clear-cut timber harvest is a widespread industrial practice across the Pacific Northwest;however,information regarding how these practices impact soil microbial community structure at the regional scale is *** evidence of consistent and substantial impact of harvest on soil microbial functional profiles across the region(despite a range of environmental conditions),the objective of this study was to determine the extent to which harvest also influences the structure of prokaryotic and fungal soil microbial communities,and how generalized these trends are throughout the geographic *** soil samples were collected one year before and after harvest across nine second-growth Douglas-fir forests in the Pacific *** community DNA was extracted from the soils,and high-throughput targeted gene sequencing of the 16 S r RNA gene for prokaryotes and the internal transcribed spacer(ITS)gene for fungi was *** diversity was consistently and significantly higher after harvest;it was moderately so for fungal communities(+14.6%),but only marginally so for prokaryotic communities(+2.0%).Similarly,on average,a greater proportion of the variation in the community structure of fungi(20.1%)at each site was associated with forest harvest compared to that of prokaryotes(13.2%).Overall,the greatest influence of timber harvest on soil microbial communities appeared to be a relative depletion of ectomycorrhizal fungi,with a concomitant enrichment of saprotrophic *** the short-term responses of soil microbial communities across the region,particularly those of tree root-associated symbionts,may aid our understanding of the role soil microbial communities play in ecological succession.

关键词： clear-cut Douglas-fir forest ectomycorrhizal fungi forest soil microbial community microbial diversity root-associated symbiont saprotrophic fungi

Soil biodiversity in a rapidly changing world

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Pedosphere 2020年第1期30卷 1-4页

作者： Zhongjun JIA david D.myrold Ralf CONRAD State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture Institute of Soil ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210008(China) Department of Crop and Soil Science Oregon State UniversityCorvallis OR 97331(USA) Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology Karl-von-Frisch-Str.1035043 Marburg(Germany)

Microbes are simple single-cell organisms,but have an enormous practical significance for human *** microbes make our planet habitable,and the planet's rapidly changing environments in turn have a profound impact on the soil microbial communities,both positively and *** is thus crucial to better understand how abiotic and biotic factors interact to assemble microbiomes under the given environmental conditions,and how they modulate the intrinsic link between microbial diversity and ecosystem *** a functional viewpoint.

关键词： soil planet environments

Evidence for niche differentiation of nitrifying communities in grassland soils after 44 years of different field fertilization scenarios

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Pedosphere 2020年第1期30卷 87-97页

作者： Zhongjun JIA Xue ZHOU Weiwei XIA Dario FORNARA Baozhan WANG Elizabeth Anne WASSON Peter CHRISTIE Martin F.POLZ david D.myrold State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture Institute of Soil ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210008(China) State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering Hohai UniversityNanjing 210098(China) Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Agricultural Meteorology College of Applied MeteorologyNanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing 210044(China Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute Belfast BT95PX(UK) Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridge MA 02139(USA) Department of Crop and Soil Science Oregon State UniversityCorvallis OR 97331(USA)

Long-term nitrogen(N)fertilization imposes strong selection on nitrifying communities in agricultural soil,but how a progressively changing niche affects potentially active nitrifiers in the field remains poorly *** a 44-year grassland fertilization experiment,we investigated community shifts of active nitrifiers by DNA-based stable isotope probing(SIP)of field soils that received no fertilization(CK),high levels of organic cattle manure(HC),and chemical N fertilization(CF).Incubation of DNA-SIP microcosms showed significant nitrification activities in CF and HC soils,whereas no activity occurred in CK *** 44 years of inorganic N fertilization selected only 13C-ammonia-oxidizing bacteria(AOB),whereas cattle slurry applications created a niche in which both ammonia-oxidizing archaea(AOA)and AOB could be *** analysis indicated that Nitrosospira sp.62-like AOB dominated inorganically fertilized CF soils,while Nitrosospira sp.41-like AOB were abundant in organically fertilized HC *** 13C-AOA in HC soils were affiliated with the 29i4 *** 13C-nitrite-oxidizing bacteria(NOB)were dominated by both Nitrospira-and Nitrobacter-like communities in CF soils,and the latter was overwhelmingly abundant in HC *** 13C-labeled nitrifying communities in SIP microcosms of CF and HC soils were largely similar to those predominant under field *** results provide direct evidence for a strong selection of distinctly active nitrifiers after 44 years of different fertilization regimes in the *** findings imply that niche differentiation of nitrifying communities could be assessed as a net result of microbial adaption over 44 years to inorganic and organic N fertilization in the field,where distinct nitrifiers have been shaped by intensified anthropogenic N input.

关键词： ammonia-oxidizing archaea ammonia-oxidizing bacteria community shift long-term fertilization nitrite-oxidizing bacteria nitrogen enrichment stable isotope probing microcosm

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应用12N估测氮素循环速率

土壤学进展 1989年第5期17卷 55-58页

作者： D.D.myrold 姚允寅

采用同位素稀释原理、数学模型和非线性参数估计能同时确定氮素循环各过程——矿化、固定、硝化与反硝化速率和速率常数各值。一阶模型较O阶模型更适合于描述N素循环特征。本法从三种土壤测得氮素循环各速率趋势,与森林土壤和农业土壤... 详细信息

采用同位素稀释原理、数学模型和非线性参数估计能同时确定氮素循环各过程——矿化、固定、硝化与反硝化速率和速率常数各值。一阶模型较O阶模型更适合于描述N素循环特征。本法从三种土壤测得氮素循环各速率趋势,与森林土壤和农业土壤的正常状态相吻合。

关键词：氮素土壤循环速率