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Modeling Blood Flow in Veins of Uniform Properties (Giraffe Jugular Vein)

Open Journal of Biophysics 2024年第2期14卷 132-153页

作者： Rogers Omboga Amenya Johanna Kibet sigey Geoffrey Moriaso Ole Maloiy david Mwangi Theuri Department of Mathematics and Physical sciences Dedan Kimathi University of Technology Nyeri Kenya Department of Pure and Applied Mathematics School of Mathematical Sciences Jomo Kenyatta Unversity of Agriculture and Technology Kisii Kenya Institute of Animal Physiology and Biotechnology Research University of Nairobi Nairobi Kenya

This paper models the giraffe’s jugular veins as a uniform collapsible tube from a rigid skull. The equations governing one-dimensional steady flow through such a tube for various conditions have been developed. The effects of inertial and inclination angles that have not been discussed previously have been included. It has been shown that different flows for a uniform tube (vein) are possible. However, this flow matches that of a jugular vein which is supercritical, and the steady solution has been given by the balance between the driving forces of gravity and the viscous resistance to the flow at the right atrium of the heart must be sub-critical for a fixed right-atrium pressure which means that an elastic jump is required to return the flow to sub-critical from the supercritical flow upstream this type of relationship gives rise to flow limitation at the same time given any right atrium fixed pressure there exists a maximum flow rate which when exceeded the boundary conditions of the flow do not hold boundary conditions at the right atrium are not satisfied hence making the steady flow impossible this mechanism of flow limitation is slightly different from the other one in that causes airways through forced expiration from the observation made it is clearly shown that there is an intravascular pressure difference with a change in height.

关键词： Blood Flow Jugular Vein Cross-sectional Area supercritical subcritical Jump

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LKB1 depletion-mediated epithelial-mesenchymal transition induces fibroblast activation in lung fibrosis

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Genes & Diseases 2024年第3期11卷 417-426页

作者： Zijian Xu Elizabeth R.Davies Liudi Yao Yilu Zhou Juanjuan Li Aiman Alzetani Ben G.Marshall david Hancock Tim Wallis Julian Downward Rob M.Ewing Donna E.Davies Mark G.Jones Yihua Wang Biological sciences Faculty of Environmental and Life SciencesUniversity of SouthamptonSouthampton SO171BJUK clinical and Experimental sciences Faculty of MedicineUniversity of SouthamptonSouthampton SO166YDUK Institute for Life sciences University of SouthamptonSouthampton SO171BJUK NIHR southampton Biomedical Research Centre University Hospital SouthamptonSouthampton SO166YDUK University Hospital southampton Southampton SO166YDUK Oncogene Biology The Francis Crick InstituteLondon NW11ATUK

The factors that determine fibrosis progression or normal tissue repair are largely *** previously demonstrated that autophagy inhibition-mediated epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT)in human alveolar epithelial type Il(ATIl)cells augments local myofibroblast differentiation in pulmonary fibrosis by paracrine ***,we report that liver kinase B1(LKB1)inactivation in ATIl cells inhibits autophagy and induces EMT as a *** IPF lungs,this is caused by the down-regulation of CAB39L,a key subunit within the LKB1 complex.3D co-cultures of ATIl cells and MRC5 lung fibroblasts coupled with RNA sequencing(RNA-seq)confirmed that paracrine signaling between LKB1-depleted ATIl cells and fibroblasts augmented myofibroblast ***,these data suggest that reduced autophagy caused by LKB1 inhibition can induce EMT in ATIl cells and contribute to fibrosis via aberrant epithelial-fibroblast crosstalk.

关键词： CAB39L Crosstalk EMT LKB1 Pulmonary fibrosis

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A comprehensive look at the psychoneuroimmunoendocrinology of spinal cord injury and its progression: mechanisms and clinical opportunities

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Military Medical Research 2024年第2期11卷 228-267页

作者： Miguel A.Ortega Oscar Fraile-Martinez Cielo García-Montero sergio Haro Miguel Ángel Álvarez-Mon Diego De Leon-Oliva Ana M.Gomez-Lahoz Jorge Monserrat Mar Atienza-Pérez david Díaz Elisa Lopez-Dolado Melchor Álvarez-Mon Department of Medicine and Medical specialities University of Alcala28801 Alcala de HenaresSpain Ramón y Cajal Institute of sanitary Research(IRYCIs) 28034 MadridSpain Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health Hospital Universitario Infanta Leonor28031 MadridSpain service of Rehabilitation National Hospital for Paraplegic PatientsCarr.de la PeraledaS/N45004 ToledoSpain Immune system Diseases‑Rheumatology service and Internal Medicine University Hospital Príncipe de Asturias(CIBEREHD)28806 Alcala de HenaresSpain

spinal cord injury(sCI)is a devastating and disabling medical condition generally caused by a traumatic event(primary injury).This initial trauma is accompanied by a set of biological mechanisms directed to ameliorate neural damage but also exacerbate initial damage(secondary injury).The alterations that occur in the spinal cord have not only local but also systemic consequences and virtually all organs and tissues of the body incur important changes after sCI,explaining the progression and detrimental consequences related to this ***(PNIE)is a growing area of research aiming to integrate and explore the interactions among the different systems that compose the human organism,considering the mind and the body as a *** initial traumatic event and the consequent neurological disruption trigger immune,endocrine,and multisystem dysfunction,which in turn affect the patient's psyche and *** the present review,we will explore the most important local and systemic consequences of sCI from a PNIE perspective,defining the changes occurring in each system and how all these mechanisms are ***,potential clinical approaches derived from this knowledge will also be collectively presented with the aim to develop integrative therapies to maximize the clinical management of these patients.

关键词： spinal cord injury(sCI) Psychoneuroimmunoendocrinology(PNIE) secondary injury Immunoinflammatory dysfunction Gut microbiota Translational opportunities

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The Influence of the Implementation of Trade Facilitation systems on the Time Required for Creating Delivery Orders: A Case study of Tema Port

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World Journal of Engineering and Technology 2024年第3期12卷 529-539页

作者： Justice Awosonviri Akodia Clement K. Dzidonu david King Boison Philip Kisembe Joseph Gbandi Advanced school of systems and Data studies Accra Institute of Technology Accra Ghana Department of Procurement Logistics and Supply Chain Management Ghana Communication Technology University Accra Ghana Department of Computer Engineering Ghana Communication Technology University Accra Ghana College of Education Ohio University Athens Ohio USA

This study evaluated the impact of Ghana’s Integrated Customs Management system (ICUMs), implemented within the National single Window initiative, on the efficiency of issuing Delivery Orders (DO) at Tema Port. Filling a gap in the existing literature, the research employed a quantitative approach to assess a specific time-related aspect of the cargo clearance process. Employing an Independent t-test on a dataset spanning 2026 Delivery Orders (924 pre-ICUMs and 1102 post-ICUMs) from July 2020 to July 2023, the study investigated ICUMs’s effectiveness in reducing DO issuance time. Results indicate a noteworthy decrease in average DO issuance time, from 11 days pre-implementation to approximately 9 days post-implementation, a reduction validated by statistical analysis through the independent t-test. In light of these findings, the study recommends ongoing refinement of the implementation, reinforcement of trade facilitation measures, and the adoption of best practices from successful global ports. Continuous stakeholder training and regular assessments of ICUMs performance are also endorsed. The study’s implications support the theoretical framework for single Window systems and carry significant policy implications, emphasizing the need for collaborative efforts to streamline trade facilitation processes driven by Information Technology. Practically, the results serve as a management tool for stakeholders, highlighting areas for targeted interventions to reduce DO issuance times. Methodologically, this research contributes by applying robust statistical analysis to a specific component within the Time Release study framework, offering a nuanced understanding of trade facilitation systems’ effectiveness in improving cargo clearance processes.

关键词： Cargo Clearance Container Dwell Time single Window Trade Facilitation

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Projected Changes in Extreme Event Indices for Alaska

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Atmospheric and Climate sciences 2024年第2期14卷 191-209页

作者： John E. Walsh Kyle Redilla Norman shippee Lukas Cheung david Bigelow Ronni Wilcock International Arctic Research Center University of Alaska Fairbanks Fairbanks USA stantec Ottawa Canada stantec Montreal Canada stantec Calgary Canada Two Bears Environmental Consulting Anchorage USA

As climate has warmed in recent decades, Alaska has experienced a variety of high-impact extreme events that include heat waves, wildfires, coastal storms and freezing rain. Because the warming is projected to continue, it is essential to consider future changes when planning adaptation actions and building resilience. In this study, we synthesize information on future changes in extreme events in Alaska from an ensemble of regional climate model simulations performed as part of Arctic-CORDEX (Coordinated Regional Climate Downscaling Experiment). A set of 13 extreme event indices, based on those developed by the World Climate Research Programme’s Expert Team on Climate Change Detection and Indices (ETCCDI), are evaluated from the Arctic-CORDEX output for Alaska. Of the 13 indices, six pertain to temperature, five to total precipitation, one to wind and one to snow. The results for locations in seven different climate zones of Alaska include large increases (5˚C - 10˚C) in the temperature thresholds for the five hottest and coldest days of the year, and large increases in warm spell duration and decreases in cold spell duration. Changes in the cold day temperature threshold are generally larger than the changes in the hot day temperature threshold, consistent with the projections of a stronger warming in winter than in summer in Alaska yearly maximum 1-day and 5-day precipitation amounts as well as the yearly number of consecutive wet days are projected to increase at all locations. The indices for heavy snow days and high-wind days show mixed changes, although the results indicate increases in heavy snow days at the more northern locations and increases in windy days at coastal locations. The changes in the extreme event indices continue through 2100 under the higher-emission (RCP 8.5) emission scenario, while the changes generally stabilize under the lower-emission (RCP 4.5) scenario. .

关键词： Extreme Events Temperature Precipitation Alaska Climate

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古新世-始新世极热事件期间的浊积岩沉积对气候变化和天文旋回的响应

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第四纪研究 2024年第5期44卷 1225-1234页

作者：金思敏 david B.KEMP 张仲石黄春菊刘晴中国地质大学(武汉)环境学院大气科学系湖北武汉430074 中国地质大学(武汉)地球科学学院生物地质与环境地质国家重点实验室关键带演化湖北省重点实验室湖北武汉430074

浊流是地表最重要的沉积物运移过程之一,主导了沉积物从大陆架到深海的输送。通过研究深时极热事件期间浊流的分布规律,可为类比推测未来全球变暖背景下浊流活动的变化趋势提供重要参考。前期研究发现,古新世-始新世极热事件(PETM)期间... 详细信息

浊流是地表最重要的沉积物运移过程之一,主导了沉积物从大陆架到深海的输送。通过研究深时极热事件期间浊流的分布规律,可为类比推测未来全球变暖背景下浊流活动的变化趋势提供重要参考。前期研究发现,古新世-始新世极热事件(PETM)期间,英国东部北海盆地的高频浊积砂岩沉积受到了气候变化的影响。本研究进一步对西班牙Basque盆地Zumaia剖面古新统-始新统458层浊积岩(深度范围为-19.76~37.12 m)进行了时间序列分析,发现浊积岩沉积存在着显著的405 ka长偏心率周期信号。通过总结古新统-始新统浊积岩记录对天文旋回的响应,发现仅在英国北海盆地和西班牙Basque盆地识别出了天文旋回信号,且这两个点位的地理位置与模拟结果显示的年平均降水对轨道参数变化的敏感区相吻合。此外,本研究还讨论了PETM期间不同沉积环境中浊积岩沉积记录对海平面变化和全球升温的响应。

关键词：古新世-始新世极热事件天文旋回浊积岩偏心率岁差

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得分是多少?

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空中英语教室（初级版．大家说英语） 2024年第6期 26-27,53页

作者： david Lee 不详

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Evaluation of Clinical Characteristics and Plasma Cortisol Concentrations in Individuals with COVID-19 and Post-COVID syndrome

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Case Reports in Clinical Medicine 2024年第1期13卷 12-24页

作者： david Alejandro García López stephania Ramos Hernández Yamile López-Hernández María Argelia López Luna Elena Donaji Ramírez Alvarado Rosa María Ramírez santoyo sergio Hugo sánchez Rodríguez Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Neurobiología Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas México Zacatecas Unidad Académica de Ciencias Químicas Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas México Zacatecas Laboratorio de Metabolómica y Proteómica Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas México Zacatecas Laboratorio de Bacterias y Hongos filamentosos Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas México Zacatecas

COVID-19 generates systematic alterations in humans both in active stages of infection and over time, called post-COVID syndrome. Cortisol is a hormone that is overexpressed in inflammation and cellular stress processes. Its main function is to return to physiological homeostasis, so its evaluation together with other clinical parameters can allow us to determine the degree of systemic affectation by COVID-19. Objective: To evaluate changes in clinical parameters and plasma cortisol concentrations in patients with active COVID-19 and post-COVID syndrome. Material and Methods: Healthy patients, in stages of mild infection, critical and with post-COVID syndrome, were recruited, obtaining, through clinical diagnoses and interviews, their main clinical characteristics, in addition to plasma, in which cortisol concentrations were determined using competitive ELIsA. Results: The critical stage group had higher frequencies of comorbidities, clinical symptoms, as well as more altered laboratory parameters compared to the other subgroups. In the post-COVID syndrome group after the initial infection, most laboratory parameters recovered, however, several clinical symptoms remained latent over time. The determination of cortisol showed an increase in its concentration, being higher in patients in critical stage and with post-COVID syndrome. Conclusion: COVID-19 disease generates clinical alterations that trigger an increase in plasma cortisol. These alterations increase as the stages of infection become more severe and some of them remain altered in patients with post-COVID syndrome.

关键词： COVID-19 Cortisol Post-COVID syndrome

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音乐产业遇上人工智能——你是在跟着一个人还是一台电脑哼唱呢?

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空中英语教室（高级版．彭蒙惠英语） 2024年第2期 30-31,47,48页

作者： david salaza 不详

一位“韩流”艺人刚出道时,歌迷通常预期其歌曲以韩语为主,并且混人一些英语。这是韩国流行音乐在全球广受欢迎之际所发展出来的一种趋势——不过,这种趋势仍然让许多潜在歌迷因为语言隔阅而被排除在外。

关键词：人工智能音乐产业韩国流行音乐趋势

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A novel diagnostic gene region for distinguishing between two pest fruit flies:Bactrocera tryoni(Froggatt)and Bactrocera neohumeralis(Hardy)(Diptera:Tephritidae)

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Insect science 2024年第4期31卷 1285-1295页

作者： Melissa L.starkie Elizabeth V.Fowler Alexander M.Piper Xiaocheng Zhu Pauline Wyatt david Gopurenko Matt N.Krosch Francesca strutt Karen F.Armstrong Hamish Patrick Mark K.schutze Mark J.Blacket Department of Agriculture and Fisheries BiosecurityBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia Agriculture Victoria AgriBioBundooraVictoriaAustralia Department of Primary Industries Wagga Wagga Agricultural InstituteWagga WaggaNew South WalesAustralia Forensic services Group Queensland Police ServiceBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia Department of Pest-management and Conservation Lincoln UniversityLincolnNew Zealand Better Border Biosecurity(B3 B3nz.org.nz)LincolnNew Zealand

Bactrocera tryoni and Bactrocera neohumeralis are morphologically similar sibling pest fruit fly species that possess different biological attributes,geographic distributions,and host *** need to differentiate between the two species is critical for accurate pest status assessment,management,biosecurity,and maintenance of reference *** morphologically similar,adults may be separated based on subtle characters;however,some characters exhibit intraspecific variability,creating overlap between the two ***,there is currently no single molecular marker or rapid diagnostic assay that can reliably distinguish between *** and ***;therefore,ambiguous samples remain *** we report the first molecular marker that can consistently distinguish between *** and *** diagnostic region consists of two adjacent single nucleotide polymorphisms(sNPs)within the pangolin(pan)gene *** confirmed the genotypes of each species are consistent across their distributional range,then developed a tetra-primer amplification refractory mutation system(ARMs)PCR assay for rapid diagnosis of the *** assay utilizes four primers in multiplex,with two outer universal primers,and two internal primers:one designed to target two adjacent sNPs(AA)present in *** and the other targeting adjacent sNPs present in ***(GG).The assay accurately discriminates between the two species,but their sNP genotypes are shared with other nontarget tephritid fruit fly ***,this assay is most suited to adult diagnostics where species confirmation is necessary in determining ambiguous surveillance trap catches;maintaining pure colony lines;and in sterile Insect Technique management responses.

关键词： ARMs-PCR colony molecular diagnostics pangolin tetra-primer

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