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Oral mucosal lipids are antibacterial against Porphyromonas gingivalis, induce ultrastructural damage, and alter bacterial lipid and protein compositions

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International Journal of Oral Science 2013年第3期5卷 130-140页

作者： Carol L Fischer Katherine S Walters david r drake Deborah V Dawson Derek r Blanchette Kim A Brogden Philip W Wertz Dows Institute for Dental research College of Dentistry The University of Iowa Central Microscopy research Facility College of Dentistry The University of Iowa Department of Endodontics College of Dentistry The University of Iowa Department of Pediatric Dentistry College of Dentistry The University of Iowa Department of Periodontics College of Dentistry The University of Iowa Department of Oral Pathology Radiology & Medicine College of Dentistry The University of Iowa

Oral mucosal and salivary lipids exhibit potent antimicrobial activity for a variety of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria;however,little is known about their spectrum of antimicrobial activity or mechanisms of action against oral *** this study,we examine the activity of two fatty acids and three sphingoid bases against Porphyromonas gingivalis,an important colonizer of the oral cavity implicated in *** inhibitory concentrations,minimal bactericidal concentrations,and kill kinetics revealed variable,but potent,activity of oral mucosal and salivary lipids against ***,indicating that lipid structure may be an important determinant in lipid mechanisms of activity against bacteria,although specific components of bacterial membranes are also likely *** micrographs showed ultrastructural damage induced by sapienic acid and phytosphingosine and confirmed disruption of the bacterial plasma *** information,coupled with the association of treatment lipids with *** lipids revealed via thin layer chromatography,suggests that the plasma membrane is a likely target of lipid antibacterial *** a combination of two-dimensional in-gel electrophoresis and Western blot followed by mass spectroscopy and N-terminus degradation sequencing we also show that treatment with sapienic acid induces upregulation of a set of proteins comprising a unique *** stress response,including proteins important in fatty acid biosynthesis,metabolism and energy production,protein processing,cell adhesion and *** or therapeutic lipid treatments may be beneficial for intervention of infection by supplementing the natural immune function of endogenous lipids on mucosal surfaces.

关键词： antimicrobial lipid fatty acid Porphyromonasgingivalis sphingoid base sphingolipid ultrastructure

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Climate-change habitat shifts for the vulnerable endemic oak species(Quercus arkansana Sarg.)

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Journal of Forestry research 2024年第1期35卷 117-127页

作者： Suresh Chandra Subedi Seth drake Binaya Adhikari Mark V.Coggeshall Department of Biological Sciences Arkansas Tech UniversityRussellvilleARUSA Department of Biology University of KentuckyLexingtonKYUSA School of Natural resources University of Missouri203 ABNR BuildingColumbiaMO 65211USA

Quercus arkansana(Arkansas oak)is at risk of becoming endangered,as the total known population size is represented by a few isolated *** potential impact of climate change on this species in the near future is high,yet knowledge of its predicted effects is *** study utilized the biomod2 r package to develop habi-tat suitability ensemble models based on bioclimatic and topographic environmental variables and the known loca-tions of current distribution of *** predicted suitable habitats across three climate change scenarios(SSP1-2.6,SSP2-4.5,and SSP5-8.5)for 2050,2070,and *** findings reveal that the current suitable habitat for *** is approximately 127,881 km^(2) across seven states(Texas,Arkansas,Alabama,Louisiana,Mississippi,Georgia,and Florida);approximately 9.5%is encompassed within state and federally managed protected *** models predict that all current suitable habitats will disap-pear by 2050 due to climate change,resulting in a northward shift into new regions such as Tennessee and *** large extent of suitable habitat outside protected areas sug-gests that a species-specific action plan incorporating pro-tected areas and other areas may be crucial for its ***,protection of *** habitat against climate change may require locally and regionally focused conservation policies,adaptive management strategies,and educational outreach among local people.

关键词： Biomod2 Climate change Conservation Habitat loss Habitat shift Species distribution modeling Oak species

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The expression and functions of microrNAs in pancreatic adenocarcinoma and hepatocellular carcinoma

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Chinese Journal of Cancer 2011年第8期30卷 540-550页

作者： Wei Li drake G. LeBrun Min Li College of Medicine Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Jinan Shandong 250355 P. R. China The Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston Medical School Houston Texas 77030 USA.

Pancreatic adenocarcinoma and hepatocellular carcinoma are devastating human malignancies that are characterized by poor prognosis,late onset,and a lack of known *** diagnostic and therapeutic molecular targets are desperately needed to develop novel and effective treatment *** (mirNAs) are an emerging class of molecules with roles in various cellular processes,including growth,survival,and *** importantly,aberrant expression of mirNAs has been implicated in cancer *** expression profiles of pancreatic adenocarcinoma and hepatocellular carcinoma indicate selective overexpression of oncogenic mirNAs and down-regulation of tumor suppressive mirNAs in these *** review summarizes results from key studies conducted to characterize the mirNA expression profiles of pancreatic adenocarcinoma and hepatocellular carcinoma and describes the potential mechanisms by which some oncogenic or tumor suppressive mirNAs ***,this review outlines novel therapeutic strategies for targeting mirNAs.

关键词： microrNA 胰腺癌肝癌 mirNAs 小分子rNA 肿瘤抑制生物标志物恶性肿瘤

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A Numerical Tank through Linear and Quadratic Finite Element Methods

A Numerical Tank through Linear and Quadratic Finite Element...

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第七届全国水动力学学术会议暨第十九届全国水动力学研讨会

作者： drake K．r． Department of Mechanical Engineering University College LondonTorrington PlaceLondonWC1E 7JE U．K．

＜正＞The hydrodynamic problem of nonlinear wave and body interaction is solved through a linear and quadratic finite element method based numerical tank. The velocity potential theory is used as the effect of the viscosity is usually small on water waves and on bodies that are large relative to the wavelength. The continuity equation and the boundary conditions are satisfied through a Galerkin method over the fluid domain. The integration over each element is performed analytically for the linear shape function and numerically for the quadratic shape function. The global matrix equations in both cases are solved through an iteration with a pre-conditioner. Various simulations and comparisons are made for single and multiple cylinders in regular and bichromatic waves generated by a piston wave maker in the tank.

关键词： Nonlinear wave-body interactions finite element analysis Gaussian Quadrature tri-tree based hybrid mesh the wave model numerical wave tank

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Effect of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt on pulmonary gas exchange in patients with portal hypertension and hepatopulmonary syndrome

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2005年第43期11卷 6858-6862页

作者： Graciela Martínez-Pallí Britt B drake Joan-Carles García-Pagán Joan-Albert Barberà Miguel r Arguedas robert rodriguez-roisin Jaume Bosch Michael B Fallon Servei d'Anestesiologia i reanimació. Hospital Clínic University of Alabama at Birmingham Liver Center Hepatic Hemodynamic Laboratory Servei de Pneumologia i Al.lèrgia respiratòria

AIM: To assess the impact of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) on pulmonary gas exchange and to evaluate the use of TIPS for the treatment of hepatopulmonary syndrome (HPS).METHODS: Seven patients, three of them with advanced HPS, in whom detailed pulmonary function tests were performed before and after TIPS placementat the University of Alabama Hospital and at the Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, were ***: TIPS patency was confirmed by hemodynamic evaluation. No changes in arterial blood gases were observed in the overall subset of patients. Transient arterial oxygenation improvement was observed in only one HPS patient, early after TIPS, but this was not sustained 4 mo ***: TIPS neither improved nor worsened pulmonary gas exchange in patients with portal hypertension. This data does not support the use of TIPS as a specific treatment for HPS. However, it does reinforce the view that TIPS can be safely performed for the treatment of other complications of portal hypertension in patients with HPS.

关键词： Portal hypertension Transjugular intrahepaticportosystemic shunt Pulmonary gas exchange Hepatopulmonary syndrome

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Isolation, screening and identifi cation of Bacillus spp. as direct-fed microbial candidates for aflatoxin B_1 biodegradation

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2015年第9期5卷 680-683页

作者： rosario Galarza-Seeber Juan david Latorre Xochitl Hernandez-Velasco Amanda drake Wolfenden Lisa renee Bielke Anita Menconi Billy Marshall Hargis Guillermo Tellez Department of Poultry Science University of Arkansas College of Veterinary Medicine National Autonomous University of Mexico

Objective: To evaluate the ability of Bacillus spp. as direct-fed microbials(DFM) to biodegrade al atoxin B1(AFB1) by using an in vitro digestive model simulating in vivo ***: Sixty-nine Bacillus isolates were obtained from intestines, and soil samples were screened by using a selective media method against 0.25 and 1.00 μg/m L of AFB1 in modii ed Czapek-Dox medium. Plates were incubated at 37 °C and observed every two days for two weeks. Physiological properties of the three Bacillus spp. candidates were characterized biochemically and by 16 S r rNA sequence analyzes for identii cation. Tolerance to acidic p H, osmotic concentrations of Na Cl, bile salts were tested, and antimicrobial sensitivity proi les were also determined. Bacillus candidates were individually sporulated by using a solid fermentation method and combined. Spores were incorporated into 1 of 3 experimental feed groups: 1) Negative control group, with unmedicated starter broiler feed without AFB1; 2) Positive control group, with negative control feed contaminated with 0.01% AFB1; 3) DFM treated group, with positive control feed supplemented with 109 spores/g. After digestion time(3:15 h), supernatants and digesta were collected for high-performance liquid chromatography l uorescence detection analysis by ***: Three out of those sixty-nine DFM candidates showed ability to biodegrade AFB1 in vitro based on growth as well as reduction of l uorescence and area of clearance around each colony in modii ed Czapek-Dox medium which was clearly visible under day light after 48 h of evaluation. Analysis of 16S-DNA identii ed the strains as Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Bacillus megaterium and Bacillus subtilis. The three Bacillus strains were tolerant to acidic conditions(p H 2.0), tolerant to a high osmotic pressure(Na Cl at 6.5%), and were able to tolerate 0.037% bile salts after 24 h of incubation. No signii cant dif erences(P > 0.05) were observed in the concentrations of AFB1

关键词： Al atoxin B1 Bacillus Direct-fed microbials Biodegradation Broiler feed

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Strategies for PET imaging of the receptor for advanced glycation endproducts(rAGE)

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Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis 2020年第5期10卷 452-465页

作者： Lindsey r.drake Allen F.Brooks Jenelle Stauff Phillip S.Sherman Janna Arteaga robert A.Koeppe Aimee reed Timothy J.Montavon Marc B.Skaddan Peter J.H.Scott Department of radiology University of MichiganAnn ArborMI48109USA Department of Medicinal Chemistry University of MichiganAnn ArborMI48109USA AbbVie Process Chemistry North ChicagoIL60064USA AbbVie Centralized Medicinal Chemistry North ChicagoIL60064USA AbbVie Translational Imaging North ChicagoIL60064USA

The implication of the receptor for advanced glycation end-products(rAGE)in numerous diseases and neurodegenerative disorders makes it interesting both as a therapeutic target and as an inflammatory *** the context of investigating rAGE as a biomarker,there is interest in developing radiotracers that will enable quantification of rAGE using positron emission tomography(PET)*** have synthesized potential small molecule radiotracers for both the intracellular([18F]InrAGEr)and extracellular([18F]rAGEr)domains of *** we report preclinical evaluation of both using in vitro(lead panel screens)and in vivo(rodent and nonhuman primate PET imaging)*** radiotracers have high affinity for rAGE and show good brain uptake,but suffer from off-target *** source of the off-target PET signal is not attributable to binding to melatonin receptors,but remains *** have also investigated use of lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-treated mice as a possible animal model with upregulated rAGE for evaluation of new imaging *** of the mouse brain sections revealed increases in rAGE in the male cohorts,but no difference in the female ***,it proves challenging to quantify the changes in rAGE due to off-target binding of the ***,they are appropriate lead scaffolds for future development of 2nd generation rAGE PET radiotracers because of their high affinity for the receptor and good CNS penetration.

关键词： rAGE Neuroimaging Positron emission tomography radiochemistry Neuroinflammation

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Conceptual design of an experiment to study dust destruction by astrophysical shock waves

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High Power Laser Science and Engineering 2018年第3期6卷 9-14页

作者： M. J.-E. Manuel T. Temim E. Dwek A. M. Angulo E X. Belancourt r. E drake C. C. Kuranz M. J. MacDonald B. A. remington General Atomics 3550 General Atomics Court San Diego CA 92121 USA Space Telescope Science Institute 3700 San Martin Drive Baltimore MD 21218 USA Observational Cosmology Lab Code 665 NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt MD 20771 USA Climate and Space Science and Engineering University of Michigan Ann Arbor M148109 USA Department of Physics University of California Berkeley CA 94720 USA Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory Livermore CA 94450 USA

A novel laboratory experimental design is described that will investigate the processing of dust grains in astrophysical shocks. Dust is a ubiquitous ingredient in the interstellar medium(ISM) of galaxies; however, its evolutionary cycle is still poorly understood. Especially shrouded in mystery is the efficiency of grain destruction by astrophysical shocks generated by expanding supernova remnants. While the evolution of these remnants is fairly well understood, the grain destruction efficiency in these shocks is largely unknown. The experiments described herein will fill this knowledge gap by studying the dust destruction efficiencies for shock velocities in the range ～10–30 km/s(μm/ns), at which most of the grain destruction and processing in the ISM takes place. The experiments focus on the study of grain–grain collisions by accelerating small(～1 μm) dust particles into a large(～5–10 μm diameter) population; this simulates the astrophysical system well in that the more numerous, small grains impact and collide with the large population. Facilities that combine the versatility of high-power optical lasers with the diagnostic capabilities of X-ray free-electron lasers, e.g., the Matter in Extreme Conditions instrument at the SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, provide an ideal laboratory environment to create and diagnose dust destruction by astrophysically relevant shocks at the micron scale.

关键词： laboratory astrophysics shock waves dust destruction

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Everyday Science

Everyday Science

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作者： r.G.Cull/W.A.drake

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Shoppers,Start Your Engines

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国际经济合作 2010年第12期 1-1页

作者： drake Bennett

If Christmas did not exist,Toys‘r’Us would have to invent it—or someother joyful family-themed holiday togive millions of people the license to goon a weeks-long spending *** Christmas shopping is not just asport,i... 详细信息

关键词：圣诞节节日传统文化消费

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