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The functional properties of synapses made by regenerated axons across spinal cord lesion sites in lamprey

Neural Regeneration Research 2022年第10期17卷 2272-2277页

作者： david parker Department of Physiology Developmentand NeuroscienceUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK

While the anatomical properties of regenerated axons across spinal cord lesion sites have been studied extensively,little is known of how the functional properties of regenerated synapses compared to those in unlesioned *** study aims to compare the properties of synapses made by regenerated axons with unlesioned axons using the lamprey,a model system for spinal injury research,in which functional locomotor recovery after spinal cord lesions is associated with axonal regeneration across the lesion *** synapses below the lesion site did not differ from synapses from unlesioned axons with respect to the amplitude and duration of single excitatory postsynaptic *** also showed the same activity-dependent depression over spike ***,regenerated synapses did differ from unlesioned synapses as the estimated number of synaptic vesicles was greater and there was evidence for increased postsynaptic quantal *** axons above the lesion site,the amplitude and duration of single synaptic inputs also did not differ significantly from unlesioned ***,in this case,there was evidence of a reduction in release probability and inputs facilitated rather than depressed over spike *** inputs from single regenerated axons below the lesion site thus do not increase in amplitude to compensate for the reduced number of descending axons after functional ***,the postsynaptic input was maintained at the unlesioned level using different synaptic ***,the facilitation from the same initial amplitude above the lesion site made the synaptic input over spike trains functionally *** may help to increase propriospinal activity across the lesion site to compensate for the lesion-induced reduction in supraspinal *** animal experiments were approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of Cambridge University.

关键词： electrophysiology lamprey plasticity regeneration reticulospinal axon spinal cord spinal injury synapse

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Positron emission particle tracking——Application and labelling techniques

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Particuology 2008年第1期6卷 16-23页

作者： david J. parker School of Physics and Astronomy the University of Birmingham Edgbaston Birmingham B15 2TT UK

The positron emission particle tracking （PEPT） technique has been widely used in science and engineering to obtain detailed information on the motion and flow fields of fluids or granular materials in multiphase systems, for example, fluids in rock cracks, chemical reactors and food processors; dynamic behaviour of granular materials in chemical reactors, granulators, mixers, dryers, rotating kilns and ball mills. The information obtained by the PEPT technique can be used to optimise the design, operational conditions for a wide range of industrial process systems, and to evaluate modelling work. The technique is based on tracking radioactively labelled particles （up to three particles） by detecting the pairs of backto-back 511 keV γ-rays arising from annihilation of emitted positrons. It therefore involves a positron camera, location algorithms for calculating the tracer location and speed, and tracer labelling techniques. This paper will review the particle tracking technique from tracking algorithm, tracer labelling to their application.

关键词： PEPT Tracer Algorithm Tracking

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A collaboration into research on nanoparticles (ACORN)

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Particuology 2009年第2期7卷 93-105页

作者： david G. parker Chemistry Innovation The HeathRuncorn WA7 4QXUnited Kingdom

This paper describes the operation and outcome of one of the United Kingdom＇s largest multi-partner research activities in nanoparticles. The research covers the discovery and development of organic and inorganic crystals/nanoparticles, nanoparticle properties towards specific product applications. The research also encompassed bespoke measurement technology for nanoparticles and structure interactions. Significant research outcomes are summarised. The paper illustrates the advantages from industrially motivated research and value of collective action between a broad group of researchers in a nation.

关键词： Nanoparticles Nanoparticle manufacture Nanocrystals Nanoassembly structure Modelling

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Functional changes after spinal lesions: implications for interventions

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Neural Regeneration Research 2018年第5期13卷 811-812页

作者： david parker Department of Physiology Neuroscience and DevelopmentUniversity of Cambridge

We have known for many years that the spinal cord can generate some basic locomotor outputs under specific experimental conditions without any input from the brain or the periphery（Stuart and Hultborn,2008）.However,when inputs from the brain are lost following spinal cord injury（SCI）,the mammalian spinal cord is unable to generate normal,goal-directed locomotor outputs.

关键词： Functional changes after spinal lesions implications for interventions

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Neuromodulator interactions and spinal cord injury in lamprey

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Neural Regeneration Research 2018年第4期13卷 643-644页

作者： david parker Thomas J.McClelland Department of Physiology Neuroscience and DevelopmentUniversity of Cambridge

Neuromodulation is mediated by neurotransmitters that typically act on G-protein-coupled *** can confer behavioural flexibility by modifying the functional properties of anatomically hard-wired neural *** neuromodulators generally have divergent cellular and synaptic effects（Harris-Warrick and Johnson,2010）,and different modulators,

关键词： Figure Neuromodulator interactions and spinal cord injury in lamprey

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Positron imaging systems for studying particulate, granular and multiphase flows

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Particuology 2012年第2期10卷 146-153页

作者： Thomas W.Leadbeater david J.parker Joseph Gargiuli Positron Imaging Centre University of BirminghamEdgbastonBirmingham B152TTUKa

The University of Birmingham has pioneered and adapted the use of the medical imaging technique known as positron emission tomography （PET） to the study of particulate, granular and multiphase flows in industrial and physical processes, This paper provides a review of the PET and complimentary positron emission particle tracking （PEPT） techniques and details their application to the study of particulate sys- tems, The current state of the art, recent developments and example results from many of the applications to which these techniques have been applied are highlighted.

关键词： Positron emission particle tracking (PEPT)Particle dynamicsMulti-phase flow measurement

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The role of seaweed as a potential dietary supplementation for enteric methane mitigation in ruminants: Challenges and opportunities

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Animal Nutrition 2021年第4期7卷 1371-1387页

作者： Byeng R.Min david parker david Brauer Heidi Waldrip Catherine Lockard Kristin Hales Alexia Akbay Simona Augyte College of Agriculture Environment and Nutrition SciencesTuskegee UniversityTuskegeeAL 36088USA United States Department of Agriculture(USDA) Agriculture Research Service(ARS)2300 Experiment Station Dr.BushlandTX 79012USA Department of Animal and Food Sciences Texas Tech UniversityLubbockTX 79409USA Symbrosia Inc Kailua-KonaHI 96740USA

Seaweeds are macroalgae,which can be of many different morphologies,sizes,colors,and chemical *** include brown,red,and green *** seaweeds have been more investigated and exploited in comparison to other seaweed types for their use in animal feeding studies due to their large sizes and ease of *** in vitro and in vivo studies suggest that plant secondary compound-containing seaweeds(e.g.,halogenated compounds,phlorotannins,etc.)have the potential to mitigate enteric methane(CH_(4))emissions from ruminants when added to the diets of beef and dairy *** seaweeds including Asparagopsis *** rich in crude protein and halogenated compounds compared to brown and green *** halogenated-containing red seaweeds are used as the active ingredient in ruminant diets,bromoform concentration can be used as an indicator of antimethanogenic ***-containing brown seaweed has also the potential to decrease CH_(4) ***,numerous studies examined the possible anti-methanogenic effects of marine seaweeds with inconsistent *** work reviews existing data associated with seaweeds and in vitro and in vivo rumen fermentation,animal performance,and enteric CH4 emissions in *** understanding of the seaweed supplementation related to rumen fermentation and its effect on animal performance and CH_(4) emissions in ruminants may lead to novel strategies aimed at reducing greenhouse gas emissions while improving animal productivity.

关键词： Seaweed Bromoform Methane Phlorotannins Ruminant Cattle

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PEPT study of particle motion for different riser exit geometries

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Particuology 2010年第6期8卷 623-630页

作者： Chian Wen Chan Anke Brems Shiva Mahmoudi Jan Baeyens Jonathan Seville david parker Thomas Leadbeater Joseph Gargiuli University of Warwick School of EngineeringCoventryCV4 7 ALUK Katholieke Universiteit Leuven Department of Chemical Engineeringde Croylaan463001LeuvenBelgium University of Birmingham School of Physics and AstronomyBirminghamB22 T15UK

Laboratory and industrial risers are equipped with exits of many different layouts, and numerous publications discuss the influence of riser exit geometry on local and overall solids hydrodynamics in the riser. The present paper reviews literature findings--mostly based upon indirect experimental techniques and often somewhat contradictory, Direct measurement of particle velocity and particle occupancy near and in the riser exit provide a better indication of the effect of riser exit geometry. Positron Emission Particle Tracking （PEPT） was used in this work for the first time to investigate the exit region of the riser, An abrupt or sharp exit causes particles to be knocked out of the gas flow, so forming a recirculation or reflux region in the upper part of the riser. This is much less pronounced with a curved or gradual exit.

关键词： CFB Riser Exit geometries Positron Emission Particle Tracking

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Dietary mitigation of enteric methane emissions from ruminants:A review of plant tannin mitigation options

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Animal Nutrition 2020年第3期6卷 231-246页

作者： Byeng R.Min Sandra Solaiman Heidi M.Waldrip david parker Richard W.Todd david Brauer United States Department of Agriculture(USDA) Agricultural Research Service(ARS)BushlandTX79012USA Tuskegee University TuskegeeAL36088USA

Methane gas from livestock production activities is a significant source of greenhouse gas(GHG)emissions which have been shown to influence climate *** technologies offer a potential to manipulate the rumen biome through genetic selection reducing CH4 *** production may also be mitigated to varying degrees by various dietary intervention *** to reduce GHG emissions need to be developed which increase ruminant production efficiency whereas reducing production of CH4 from cattle,sheep,and *** emissions may be efficiently mitigated by manipulation of natural ruminal microbiota with various dietary interventions and animal production efficiency *** some CH4 abatement strategies have shown efficacy in vivo,more research is required to make any of these approaches pertinent to modern animal production *** objective of this review is to explain how anti-methanogenic compounds(e.g.,plant tannins)affect ruminal microbiota,reduce CH4 emission,and the effects on host ***,this review provides information relevant to understanding the impact of tannins on methanogenesis,which may provide a cost-effective means to reduce enteric CH4 production and the influence of ruminant animals on global GHG emissions.

关键词： Feed efficiency Greenhouse gas(GHG)emission Methanogenesis Tannin Ruminant

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The Humanities and Values

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Fudan Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences 2011年第2期4卷 121-126页

作者： david parker

The news coverage of Falujia＇s deformed infants and mortality finally failed to become one of top ten frontline stories of 2010. The lack of public interest raises more than a general journalistic issue of humanitarian concern. What kind of language should we use to formulate the questions of human values？ Does human language still hold value？

关键词：价值观人文新闻报道人道主义公共利益人的价值死亡率语言

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