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Functional diversity of small-mammal postcrania is linked to both substrate preference and body size

Current Zoology 2020年第5期66卷 539-553页

作者： Lucas n.Weaver david M.Grossnickle Department of Biology Life Sciences BuildingUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWA 98195USA

Selective pressures favor morphologies that are adapted to distinct ecologies,resulting in trait partition!ng among ***,the effects of these selective pressures vary across taxa,especially because morphology is also influenced by factors such as phylogeny,body size,and functional *** this study,we examine how these factors impact functional diversification in *** has been proposed that trait partitioning among mammalian ecomorphotypes is less pronoun ced at small body sizes due to biomecha nical,energetic,and environ mental factors that favor a"generalist"body plan,whereas larger taxa exhibit more substantial functional *** title this the Diverge nee Hypothesis(DH)because it predicts greater morphological divergence among ecomorphotypes at larger body *** test DH by using phylogenetic comparative methods to examine the postcranial skeletons of 129 species of taxonomically diverse,small-tomedium-sized(nd-dwellers."In some analyses,the morphologies of ground-dwellers and tree-dwellers suggest greater between-group differentiation at larger sizes,providing some evidence for ***,this trend is n either particularly strong nor supported by all an *** stead,a more pronoun ced patter n emerges that is distinct from the predictions of DH:within-group phenotypic disparity increases with body size in both ground-dwellers and tree-dwellers,driven by morphological outliers among"medium'-sized ***,evolutionary increases in body size are more closely linked to increases in within-locomotor-group disparity tha n to in creases in betwee n-group *** discuss biomechanical and ecological factors that may drive these evolutionary patter ns,and we emphasize the significant evolutionary influences of ecology and body size on phenotypic diversity.

关键词： adaptive landscapes ecomorphology morphometries phenotypic diversity phylogenetic comparative methods trait partitioning

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A review of the thermal stability of metastable austenite in steels:Martensite formation

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2021年第32期91卷 200-214页

作者： Yong Li david San Martín Jinliang Wang Chenchong Wang Wei Xu State key laboratory of rolling and automation Northeastern UniversityShenyang 110819China Materalia Research Group Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Metalúrgicas(CENIM-CSIC)Avda Gregorio del Amo 8Madrid E-28040Spain School of Mechanical and Power Engineering Guangdong Ocean UniversityZhanjiang 524088China

Metastable austenite plays a critical role in achieving improved combinations of high strength and high ductility/toughness in the design of advanced high-strength steels(AHSS). The thermal stability of metastable austenite determines the transformation characteristics of AHSS and thus primarily determines the microstructure evolution during complex processes, e.g., the quenching and partitioning process, to achieve the desirable microstructure. This study provides a review of the thermal stability of austenite and its influence on martensitic transformation from both experimental and theoretical modeling perspectives. From the experimental perspective, factors affecting the thermal stability are analyzed,the relative sensitivities are compared, and their corresponding mechanisms are discussed. From the theoretical modeling perspective, the most representative kinetic models that describe athermal and isothermal martensitic transformation are reviewed. The advantages, shortcomings, and applicability of each model are discussed. The systematic review of both experimental and theoretical aspects reveals critical factors in tailoring the stability of metastable austenite and, therefore, provides guidance for the design of advanced steels.

关键词： Austenite Thermal stability Martensitic transformation Kinetic models

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An Axiom System of Probabilistic Mu-Calculus

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Tsinghua Science and Technology 2022年第2期27卷 372-385页

作者： Wanwei Liu Junnan Xu david n.Jansen Andrea Turrini Lijun Zhang College of Computer Science National University of Defense TechnologyChangsha 410073China State Key Laboratory of Computer Science Institute of SoftwareChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100039China Institute of Intelligent Software Guangzhou 511458China

Mu-calculus(a.k.a.μTL)is built up from modal/dynamic logic via adding the least fixpoint operatorμ.This type of logic has attracted increasing attention since Kozen’s seminal work.PμTL is a succinct probabilistic extension of the standardμTL obtained by making the modal operators *** of this logic,such as expressiveness and satisfiability decision,have been studied *** consider another important problem:the axiomatization of that *** extending the approaches of Kozen and Walukiewicz,we present an axiom system for Pμ*** addition,we show that the axiom system is complete for aconjunctive formulas.

关键词： PμTL axiom system aconjunctive formula tableau approach

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Developments in the Detection of Current HPHT and CVD Synthetics

Developments in the Detection of Current HPHT and CVD Synthe...

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2015中国珠宝首饰学术交流会

作者： david fisher De Beers Technologies Belmont RoadMaidenheadSL6 6JWUK

Recent changes in the properties of both HPHT and CVD synthetics will require changes in the way identification criteria are *** Beers continually develops the Verification Instruments it produces to respond to these *** Automated Melee Screening instrument provides screening capability for melee sized synthetic stones and the introduction of filtering into the latest version of the DiamondView?instrument has enhanced its capability for the identification of both HPHT and CVD synthetics.

关键词： HTHP CVD synthetics diamond.

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The Changing Face of Synthetics in the Diamond Industry-Recent Developments and Reliable Identification

The Changing Face of Synthetics in the Diamond Industry-Rece...

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2011中国珠宝首饰学术交流会

作者： david fisher De Beers UK Ltd. Diamond Trading Company Research Centre

China is an increasingly important diamond market and as such will inevitably be seen as a potential market for synthetics and treated *** important contribution of the research carried out by De Beers was the production of the Diamond Verification Instruments:DiamondSure,DiamondView and *** can be used to screen out diamonds that could potentially be synthetics and DiamondView allows imaging of the fluorescence patterns associated with growth and therefore provides unambiguous identification of *** of typical features of various synthetics are *** technical uses of single crystal diamond are currently expanding and the demands of these technologies for higher crystal qualities and larger sizes have helped drive the development of synthesis methods and these advances have enabled the production of material that could potentially be manufactured into polished *** there have been significant developments both in the synthesis methods themselves and in post-growth treatments,detection capability has kept pace with these developments and continues to provide reliable *** testing supporting full disclosure will ensure that consumers will be properly informed about their diamond purchases and will maintain the integrity of brands such as Forevermark into the future.

关键词： Diamond Synthetics Identification

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Black Locust Transpiration Responses to Soil Water Availability as Affected by Meteorological Factors and Soil Texture

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Pedosphere 2015年第1期25卷 57-71页

作者： WU Yuan-Zhi HUAnG Ming-Bin david n.WARRInGTOn Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water and Soil Conservation and Environmental Protection Linyi University State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau Institute of Soil and Water Conservation Northwest A&F University

On the Loess Plateau of China, a dry soil layer may form due to excess transpiration, leading to degradation of black locust(Robinia pseudoacacia) stands. In order to better manage projects involving black locust, this study was intended to investigate the response of black locust transpiration rate to soil water availability as affected by meteorological factors using two representative soils(loamy clay and sandy loam) on the Loess Plateau. Four soil water contents were maintained for black locust seedlings grown in pots initially outdoors and then in a climate-controlled chamber, by either drying or irrigating the pots. In both environments, daily transpiration rates were related by a power function to air temperature and by a logistic function to reference evapotranspiration(ET0). Transpiration rates were more susceptible to changes in the meteorological conditions in the sandy loam than in the loamy clay soil. The transpiration rate in the well-watered treatment was greater for black locust grown in the sandy loam than in the loamy clay soil. normalized transpiration rates were unaffected by ET0 until a critical value of soil water content(θc) was attained; the θc value decreased significantly for the loamy clay soil but increased significantly for the sandy loam soil when ET0 increased. These suggested that the effect of the meteorological condition on the transpiration characteristics of black locust was dependent on soil texture.

关键词： dry soil layer evaporative demand loamy clay Loess Plateau reference evapotranspiration sandy loam temperature vapor pressure deficit

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Gibberellin signaling turns blue

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Molecular Plant 2021年第8期14卷 1226-1228页

作者： noel Blanco-Tourinan david Alabadi Plant Vascular Development Group ETH Zurich8092 ZurichSwitzerland Instituto de Biologia Molecular y Celular de Plantas(CSIC-UPV) 46022 ValenciaSpain

The effect of envir on mental light on plant growth is mediated,at least in part,by the hormones gibberellins(GAs).The current model is that light signaling affects the GA pathway by transcrip-tional regulation of GA metabolism genes and by degradation of the negative regulators DELLA proteins by *** new studies provide evidenee showing that the blue light photoreceptor CRY1 directly regulates GA signaling.

关键词： CRY1 Gibberellin photoreceptor

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An AMR Capable Finite Element Diffusion Solver for ALE Hydrocodes

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Plasma Science and Technology 2015年第2期17卷 109-116页

作者： A.C.fisher D.S.BAILEY T.B.KAISER D.C.EDER B.T.n.GUnnEY n.D.MASTERS A.E.KOnIGES R.W.AnDERSOn Lawrence Livermore national Laboratory Lawrence Berkeley national Laboratory

We present a novel method for the solution of the diffusion equation on a composite AMR mesh. This approach is suitable for including diffusion based physics modules to hydrocodes that support ALE and AMR capabilities. To illustrate, we proffer our implementations of diffu- sion based radiation transport and heat conduction in a hydrocode called ALE-AMR. numerical experiments conducted with the diffusion solver and associated physics packages yield 2nd order convergence in the L2 norm.

关键词： hydrodynamic simulation heat conduction thermal radiation adaptive meshrefinement finite element method

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Clinical relevance of cancer genome sequencing

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2013年第13期19卷 2011-2018页

作者： Chee Seng Ku david n Cooper Dimitrios H Roukos Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Karolinska Institute Institute of Medical Genetics School of MedicineCardiff University Department of Surgery Ioannina University School of Medicine Centre for Biosystems and Synthetic Genomic network Medicine Centre for BioSystems and Genomic Network MedicineIoannina University

The arrival of both high-throughput and bench-top next-generation sequencing technologies and sequence enrichment methods has revolutionized our approach to dissecting the genetic basis of cancer. These technologies have been almost invariably employed in wholegenome sequencing (WGS) and whole-exome sequencing (WES) studies. Both WGS and WES approaches have been widely applied to interrogate the somatic mutational landscape of sporadic cancers and identify novel germline mutations underlying familial cancer syndromes. The clinical implications of cancer genome sequencing have become increasingly clear, for example in diagnostics. In this editorial, we present these advances in the context of research discovery and discuss both the clinical relevance of cancer genome sequencing and the challenges associated with the adoption of these genomic technologies in a clinical setting.

关键词： next-generation sequencing Exome Cancer Diagnostics Familial cancer syndrome Somatic mutation

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Phylogenetic Relationships of 3/3 and 2/2 Hemoglobins in Archaeplastida Genomes to Bacterial and Other Eukaryote Hemoglobins

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Molecular Plant 2011年第1期4卷 42-58页

作者： Serge n. Vinogradov Ivan Fernandez david Hoogewijs Rail Arredondo-Peter Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Wayne State University School of Medicine Detroit MI 48201 USA Laboratorio de Biofisica y Biologia Molecular Facultad de Ciencias Universidad Autonoma del Estado de Morelos 62210 Cuernavaca Morelos Mexico Institute of Physiology and Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP) University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland

Land plants and algae form a supergroup, the Archaeplastida, believed to be monophyletic. We report the results of an analysis of the phylogeny of putative globins in the currently available genomes to bacterial and other eu- karyote hemoglobins （Hbs）. Archaeplastida genomes have 3/3 and 2/2 Hbs, with the land plant genomes having group 2 2/ 2 Hbs, except for the unexpected occurrence of two group 1 2/2 Hbs in Ricinus communis. Bayesian analysis shows that plant 3/3 Hbs are related to vertebrate neuroglobins and bacterial flavohemoglobins （FHbs）. We sought to define the bacterial groups, whose ancestors shared the precursors of Archaeplastida Hbs, via Bayesian and neighbor-joining anal- yses based on COBALTalignment of representative sets of bacterial 3/3 FHb-like globins and group I and 2 2/2 Hbs with the corresponding Archaeplastida Hbs. The results suggest that the Archaeplastida 3/3 and group 1 2/2 Hbs could have orig- inated from the horizontal gene transfers （HGTs） that accompanied the two generally accepted endosymbioses of a pro- teobacterium and a cyanobacterium with a eukaryote ancestor. In contrast, the origin of the group 2 212 Hbs unexpectedly appears to involve HGT from a bacterium ancestral to Chloroflexi, Deinococcales, Bacilli, and Actinomycetes. Furthermore, although intron positions and phases are mostly conserved among the land plant 3/3 and 2/2 globin genes, introns are absent in the algal 3/3 genes and intron positions and phases are highly variable in their 2/2 genes. Thus, introns are irrelevant to globin evolution in Archaeplastida.

关键词： Algae Archaeplastida evolution hemoglobin land plants truncated Hbs

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