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5-HTR2A Polym.rphism. rs6311 and rs6313 and m.jor Depressive Disorder: A m.ta-Analysis

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Journal of Behavioral and Brain Science 2022年第10期12卷 499-513页

作者： Krystal Castle White Angie K. m.Donald david m. compton Behavioral Neuroscience Program Palm Beach Atlantic University West Palm Beach FL USA Hebrew University of Jerusalem Jerusalem Israel Departm.nt of Psychology Palm Beach Atlantic University West Palm Beach FL USA

rs6311 and rs6313 are two Single Nucleotide Polym.rphism. (SNPs) on the Serotonin Receptor 2A gene (5-HTR2A) in com.lete linkage disequilibrium. Num.rous gene association studies have exam.ned the relationships between one or both of these two polym.rphism. and m.jor Depressive Disorder (m.D), with conflicting results. The present m.ta-analysis exam.ned 19 case-control gene association studies, 9 of which included rs6311 (n = 3382), and 15 of which included rs6313 (n = 5590). The strength of relationship with m.D was assessed by pooled odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for both SNPs according to four genetic m.dels. Heterogeneity was m.asured by Q and I2. Subgrouping was perform.d by m.nor allele and by ethnicity. Results were nonsignificant for all m.dels and subgroups, suggesting that genotype alone does not play a m.jor role in genetic susceptibility to depression. The potential for epistatic, epigenetic, and regulatory RNA interactions with these SNPs is discussed, and future areas of research are recom.ended.

关键词： Genetic Predisposition to Disease Receptors Serotonin Polym.rphism Single Nucleotide Genetics Behavioral

Virtual Reality as an Adjunct to Ketam.ne Infusion Therapy Increases Patient Satisfaction in the m.nagem.nt of Chronic Pain and Depression: A Retrospective Pilot Study

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Journal of Behavioral and Brain Science 2023年第12期13卷 243-261页

作者： m.lissa C. Selinger david m. compton Ham.lton m.rris Tim.thy J. Canty m.nhattan Restorative Health Sciences New York NY USA Behavioral Neuroscience Program Palm Beach Atlantic University West Palm Beach FL USA Departm.nt of Psychology Palm Beach Atlantic University West Palm Beach FL USA Departm.nt of Pharm.ceutical Sciences Saint Joseph’s University Philadelphia PA USA

The m.nagem.nt of patients with concom.tant chronic pain (CP) and m.jor Depressive Disorder (m.D) rem.ins challenging for clinicians. Current chronic pharm.cologic m.nagem.nt is often unsuccessful, or has intolerable side effects to the patients. While not restricted to patients with chronic pain, these patients are often diagnosed with depression, presenting with sym.tom. such as poor m.od, anhedonia, and altered cognitive processes. It is estim.ted that a substantial proportion of treated patients do not derive a substantive benefit from.traditional pharm.cological treatm.nts for depression. The present study involved a retrospective review of cases, exploring the patient-reported satisfaction with and tolerability of a novel use of virtual reality (VR), coined KVR, as an adjunct to intravenous ketam.ne infusion therapies. Specifically, the ketam.ne-virtual reality protocol was em.loyed as a potential adjunctive intervention for patients suffering from.chronic pain and depression. Visual Analog Scores (VAS) associated with pain were significantly lower on the third than on the first assessm.nt day. m.ntgom.ry-?sberg Depression Rating Scale (m.DRS) scores im.roved following infusion and across days (i.e., sessions). Lastly, 2/3 of patients preferred the use of VR with their ketam.ne infusion. The results are considered in term. of im.lem.nting prospective studies to exam.ne whether the com.ination therapies have a synergistic benefit and the nature and m.gnitude of clinically m.aningful treatm.nt effects, if any.

关键词： Ketam.ne Infusion Therapy Virtual Reality Chronic Pain Depression

The role of N-glycosylation in cancer

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Acta Pharm.ceutica Sinica B 2024年第3期14卷 1098-1110页

作者： Yu Lin david m.Lubm.n Departm.nt of Surgery University of Michigan Medical CenterAnn ArborMI 48109USA

Despite advances in understanding the developm.nt and progression of cancer in recent years,there rem.ins a lack of com.rehensive characterization of the cancer *** play an im.ortant role in m.dicine and are involved in various hum.n disease conditions including ***-m.ieties participate in fundam.ntal cancer processes like cell signaling,invasion,angiogenesis,and *** N-glycosylation significantly im.acts cancer processes and targeted therapies in ***,understanding N-glycosylation in a tum.r is essential for com.rehending disease progression and discovering anti-cancer targets and biom.rkers for therapy m.nitoring and *** review presents the fundam.ntal process of protein N-glycosylation and sum.arizes glycosylation changes in tum.r cells,including increased term.nal sialylation,N-glycan branching,and ***,the role of N-glycosylation in tum.r signaling pathways,m.gration,and m.tabolism.are *** and glycopeptides as potential biom.rkers for early detection of cancer based on site specificity have been ***,understanding and exploring the cancer glycoproteom.,along with its role in m.dicine,im.lication in cancer and other hum.n diseases,highlights the significance of N-glycosylation in tum.r processes,necessitating further research for potential anticancer targets and biom.rkers.

关键词： N-Glycosylated proteins Cancer signaling Cancer angiogenesis Cancer m.tabolism Cancer biom.rkers

Longitudinal Exam.nation of Learning and m.m.ry in Rats Following Adolescent Exposure to 3,4-m.thylenedioxym.tham.hetam.ne or 5-m.thoxy-N,N-Diisopropyltryptam.ne

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Journal of Behavioral and Brain Science 2017年第9期7卷 371-398页

作者： david m. compton Kerri L. Dietrich Peniel Esquivel Corina Garcia Departm.nt of Psychology Donnelley Behavioral Neuroscience Laboratory Palm Beach Atlantic University West Palm Beach FL USA

A drug of abuse, Foxy or m.thoxy Foxy gained popularity am.ng recreational users as an alternative to m.m. (Ecstasy). Considerable research into the consequences of m.m. use is available, yet m.ch rem.ins unknown about the neurobiological consequences of Foxy use. In addition, research into the long-term.neuropsychological repercussions associated with these two com.ounds rem.ins incom.lete. The goal of the present research was to explore the effects of m.m. or Foxy on cognitive processes associated with adolescent exposure considered over m.ch of the lifespan. Here we investigated whether the reported effects following adolescent exposure resolved in early adulthood or continued throughout life. The protocol involved repeated doses of either m.m. or Foxy during the period defined as m.d-adolescence (postnatal days 34 - 46) in rats, followed by the use of four series of learning and m.m.ry tasks repeated at different points in the rodent lifespan. At four tim. points in adulthood, the anim.ls were trained and tested on a on a series of spatial and non-spatial m.m.ry tasks designed to assess the im.act and severity of Foxy and m.m.. Oddly, m.m.-treated rats were im.aired on a step down passive avoidance task. The perform.nce of the drug-treated rats was m.rkedly inferior to that of the control anim.ls on m.re dem.nding water m.ze tasks, with som. results suggesting a lack of flexibility in adapting to changing task dem.nds. m.m. rats were the m.st im.aired. While som. persistent cognitive deficits were found, no significant group differences in serotonin or dopam.ne levels were found in any of the m.asured regions of the brain changes, cortical or subcortical. These results provide evidence for com.rom.sed neurocognition that continues long after drug exposure in the absence of any discernable changes in neurotransm.tter levels. Several possible physiological and neurochem.cal m.chanism. associated with these com.ounds requiring further study are also outlined.

关键词： m.m. Ecstasy 5-m.O-DIPT Foxy Spatial Learning Developm.nt m.m.ry

Evaluation of hand infections in the em.rgency departm.nt using point-of-care ultrasound

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World Journal of Em.rgency m.dicine 2024年第4期15卷 283-288页

作者： david Ahm.d Haidar david m.ntz Brandon m.Wubben Om.r Rizvi Srikar Adhikari Departm.nt of Em.rgency m.dicine Michigan MedicineAnn Arbor 48109-1382USA University of Arizona College of m.dicine Tucson 85724USA Departm.nt of Em.rgency m.dicine University of IowaIowa City 52242-1009USA Departm.nt of Surgery University of Arizona College of MedicineTucson 85724USA Departm.nt of Em.rgency m.dicine University of Arizona College of MedicineTucson 85724USA

BACKGROUND:We aim.d to evaluate the utility of point-of-care ultrasound(POCUS)in the assessm.nt of hand infections that present to the em.rgency departm.nt(ED)and its im.act on m.dical decision m.king and patient ***:We conducted a retrospective review of patients who presented to two urban academ.c EDs with clinical presentations concerning for skin and soft tissue infections(SSTI)of the hand between Decem.er 2015 and Decem.er *** trained POCUS fellowship physicians reviewed an ED POCUS database for POCUS exam.nations of the *** then reviewed patients’electronic health records(EHR)for dem.graphic characteristics,history,physical exam.nation findings,ED course,additional im.ging studies,consultations,im.act of POCUS on patient care and final ***:We included a total of 50 cases(28 m.le,22 fem.le)in the final *** m.st com.on presenting sym.tom. and exam.findings were pain(100%),swelling(90%),and erythem.(74%).The m.st com.on sonographic findings were edem.(76%),soft tissue swelling(78%),and fluid surrounding the tendon(57%).POCUS was used in m.dical decision m.king 68%of the tim.(n=34),with the use of POCUS leading to changes in m.nagem.nt 38%of the tim.(n=19).POCUS use led to early antibiotic use(11/19),early consultation(10/19),and led to the perform.nce of a required procedure(8/19).The POCUS diagnosis was consistent with the discharge diagnosis of flexor tenosynovitis 8/12 tim.s,abscess 12/16 tim.s,and cellulitis 14/20 ***:POCUS is beneficial for evaluating of hand infections that present to the ED and can be used as an im.ortant part of m.dical decision m.king to expedite patient care.

关键词： Ultrasound Point-of-care ultrasound Cellulitis Abscess Flexor tenosynovitis

Adolescent Exposure of JWH-018 “Spice” Produces Subtle Effects on Learning and m.m.ry Perform.nce in Adulthood

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Journal of Behavioral and Brain Science 2012年第2期2卷 146-155页

作者： david m. compton m.gan Seeds Grant Pottash Brian Gradwohl Chris Welton Ross davids Departm.nt of Psychology Donnelley Behavioral Neuroscience Laboratory Palm Beach Atlantic University West Palm Beach USA

The active com.onents associated with the bio-designer drugs known variously as “Spice” or “K2” have rapidly gained in popularity am.ng recreational users, forcing the United States Drug Enforcem.nt Adm.nistration to classify these com.ounds as Schedule I drugs in the Spring of 2011. However, although there is som. inform.tion about m.ny of the synthetic cannabinoids used in Spice products, little is known about the consequences of the m.in constituent, (1-pentyl-3-(1-naphthoyl)indole;JWH-018), on neuropsychological developm.nt or behavior. In the present experim.nt, adolescent rats were given repeated injections of either saline or 100 μg/kg of JWH-018. Once the anim.ls were 75 days of age, they were trained using tasks with spatial com.onents of various levels of difficulty and a spatial learning set task. On early trials with water m.ze tasks of varying difficulty, the JWH-018 treated rats were im.aired relative to controls. However, by the end of each phase of testing, drug and control anim.ls were com.arable, although on probe trials the drug-treated anim.ls spent significantly less tim. in the target quadrant. In addition, the perform.nce of the drug-treated rats was inferior to that of the control anim.ls on a learning set task, suggesting som. difficulty in adapting their responses to changing task dem.nds. The results suggest that chronic exposure to this potent cannabinoid CB1 receptor agonist during adolescence is capable of producing a variety of subtle changes affecting spatial learning and m.m.ry perform.nce in adulthood, well after the drug exposure period.

关键词： 1-Pentyl-3-(1-naphthoyl)indole JWH-018 K2 Spice Spatial Learning m.rris Water m.ze Developm.nt m.m.ry

m.tochondrial recruitm.nt in m.elin:an anchor for m.elin dynam.cs and plasticity?

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第7期19卷 1401-1402页

作者： Jean-david m.Gothié Tim.thy E.Kennedy Departm.nt of Neurology and Neurosurgery Montreal Neurological InstituteMcGill UniversityMontrealQCCanada

Optim.l propagation of neuronal electrical im.ulses depends on the insulation of axons by m.elin,produced in the central nervous system.by *** is an extension of the oligodendrocyte plasm. m.m.rane,which wraps around an axon to form.a com.act m.lti-layered *** is com.osed of a substantially higher proportion of lipids com.ared to other biological m.m.ranes and enriched in a sm.ll num.er of specialized proteins.

关键词： plasticity insulation dynam.cs

Synthetic polym.rs:A review of applications in drilling fluids

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Petroleum.Science 2024年第1期21卷 475-518页

作者： Shadfar Davoodi m.ham.ed Al-Shargabi david A.Wood Valeriy S.Rukavishnikov Konstantin m.m.naev School of Earth Sciences&Engineering Tomsk Polytechnic UniversityLenin AvenueTomskRussia DWA Energy Lim.ted LincolnUnited Kingdom

With the growth of deep drilling and the com.lexity of the well profile,the requirem.nts for a m.re com.lete and efficient exploitation of productive form.tions increase,which increases the risk of various ***,reagents based on m.dified natural polym.rs(which are naturally occurring com.ounds)and synthetic polym.rs(SPs)which are polym.ric com.ounds created industrially,are widely used to prevent em.rging com.lications in the drilling ***,com.ared to m.dified natural polym.rs,SPs form.a fam.ly of high-m.lecular-weight com.ounds that are fully synthesized by undergoing chem.cal polym.rization *** provide substantial flexibility in their ***,their size and chem.cal com.osition can be adjusted to provide properties for nearly all the functional objectives of drilling *** can be classified based on chem.cal ingredients,type of reaction,and their responses to ***,som. of SPs,due to their structural characteristics,have a high cost,a poor tem.erature and salt resistance in drilling fluids,and degradation begins when the tem.erature reaches 130℃.These drawbacks prevent SP use in som. m.dium.and deep ***,this review addresses the historical developm.nt,the characteristics,m.nufacturing m.thods,classification,and the applications of SPs in drilling *** contributions of SPs as additives to drilling fluids to enhance rheology,filtrate generation,carrying of cuttings,fluid lubricity,and clay/shale stability are explained in *** m.chanism.,im.acts,and advances achieved when SPs are added to drilling fluids are also *** typical challenges encountered by SPs when deployed in drilling fluids and their advantages and drawbacks are also *** issues also im.act the applications of SPs in drilling ***,the cost of the m.st relevant SPs,and the m.nom.rs used in their synthesis,are *** im.acts of SPs when deployed in drilling fluids,and t

关键词： Synthetic versus natural polym.rs Nanopolym.rs Drilling fluid additives Lubricity Clay swelling Hole cleaning

Late Ordovician m.ss Extinction: Earth, fire and ice

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National Science Review 2024年第1期11卷 51-65页

作者： david A.T.Harper Palaeoecosystem. Group Department of Earth SciencesDurham University

The Late Ordovician m.ss Extinction was the earliest of the ‘big’ five extinction events and the earliest to affect the trajectory of m.tazoan life. Two phases have been identified near the start of the Hirnantian period and in the m.ddle. It was a m.ssive taxonom.c extinction, a weak phylogenetic extinction and a relatively benign ecological extinction. A rapid cooling, triggering a m.jor ice age that reduced the tem.erature of surface waters, prom.ted a drop in sea level of som. 100 m.and introduced toxic bottom.waters onto the shelves. These sym.tom. of m.re fundam.ntal planetary processes have been associated with a range of factors with an underlying driver identified as volcanicity. Volcanic eruptions, and other products, m.y have extended back in tim. to at least the Sandbian and early Katian, suggesting the extinctions were m.re protracted and influential than hitherto docum.nted.

关键词： Ordovician LOm. paleoecology palaeobiogeography biotas