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Economic Benefits of Energy Efficiency to the Petroleum Refineries in Ghana: A Case of Tema Oil Refinery (TOR)

Open Journal of Energy Efficiency 2021年第4期10卷 121-135页

作者： david Ayo Jones lewis Arthur Kwadwo Adinkrah-Appiah Institute of Distance Learning Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Kumasi Ghana Faculty of Applied Science and Technology Sunyani Technical University Sunyani Ghana Faculty of Engineering Sunyani Technical University Sunyani Ghana

This study investigates the economic benefits of energy efficiency to petroleum refineries regarding Tema Oil Refinery (TOR), Ghana. The study explores lessons relating to the cost of production, energy recovery levels and economic fortunes of the refinery activities and designs a conceptual framework for improving the energy efficiency of Tema Oil Refinery (TOR). The study adopted a descriptive design using a quantitative approach to provide a statistical background to investigate the economic benefits of energy efficiency. A sample of 84 was adopted for study from a staff population of 520 working at Tema Oil refinery. In addition to primary data, secondary data on energy supply and consumption values from 2008 to 2019 was gathered. For the primary survey, 84 respondents were sampled from TOR and a structured questionnaire was used to retrieve information. A correlation analysis at P < 0.05 was conducted to test the relationship and significance of energy efficiency and economic benefits to the refinery. The study concludes that there is a linear trend between energy production (supply) and energy consumption. The energy generated in the entire economy of Ghana far exceeds the amount of energy consumed thus raising issues of waste or excesses that calls for better policies and management plan to improve EE. The study also identified that issues of lost energy are critical to the operations of the petroleum industry as the situation is compounded by the inability of the refineries to explore better ways to reduce and manage the waste. The study concludes that a significant and positive correlation between energy efficiency and the economic fortunes of Tema Oil Refinery is necessary for its economic fortunes. The supply of energy should have equivalence to the public consumption of energy.

关键词： Efficiency Refinery Petroleum Economic Benefit Recovery Production Cost

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颜色和纺织化学——一项幸运的职业选择

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纺织导报 2009年第6期 104-106页

作者： david M.lewis 英国利兹大学色化学系

由于篇幅所限,我们从这篇在2009年AATCC国际会议上荣获Olney奖的原始论文中节选了一部分内容,与读者共享。完整的论文可登录网站***阅读。

关键词：职业选择纺织化学颜色 AATCC aatcc 国际会议 www 论文

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Hole''s essentials of human anatomy and physiology 8th ed.

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2003年

作者： david Shier Jackie Butler Ricki lewis

来源：畅想之星图书光盘版（南... 评论

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Androgen receptors are expressed in a variety of human fetal extragenital tissues： an immunohistochemical study

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2007年第6期9卷 751-759页

作者： Yasmin Sajjad Siobhan Quenby Paul Nickson david Iwan lewis-Jones Gill Vince Reproductive Medicine Unit Liverpool Women＇s Hospital Crown Street Liverpool L8 7SS UK School of Reproductive and Developmental Medicine Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology University of Liverpool Liverpool Women＇s Hospital Crown Street Liverpool L8 7SS UK Division of Immunology School of Infection and Host Defence University of Liverpool Liverpool L69 3GA UK

Aim： To investigate the expression of androgen receptors in the extragenital tissues of developing human embryo. Methods： Using immunohistochemistry, we investigated the distribution of androgen receptor （AR） in the extragenital tissues of paraffin-embedded tissue sections of first trimester （8-12 weeks gestation） human embryos. Gender was determined by polymerized chain reaction. Results： There were no differences in the expression and distribution of AR in male and female embryos at any stage of gestation. AR expression was seen in the thymus gland. The bronchial epithelium of the lungs showed intense positive staining with surrounding stroma negative. Furthermore, positive staining for androgen receptor was exhibited in the spinal cord with a few positive cells in the surrounding tissues. Cardiac valves also showed strong positive staining but with faint reactivity of the surrounding cardiac muscle. There was no staining in kidney, adrenal, liver or bowel. Conclusion： This study demonstrates that immunoreactive AR protein is present in a wide variety of human first trimester fetal tissues and shows the potential for androgen affecting tissues, which are mostly not considered to be androgen dependent. Moreover, it implies that androgen might act as atrophic factor and affect the early development of these organs rather than simply sexual differentiation.

关键词： human androgen receptor extragenital tissues tissue distribution fetal tissues immunohistochemistry

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Advanced bioactive glue tethering Lubricin/PRG4 to promote integrated healing of avascular meniscus tears

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Bioactive Materials 2023年第10期28卷 61-73页

作者： Solaiman Tarafder Jaskirti Ghataure david Langford Rachel Brooke Ryunhyung Kim Samantha lewis Eyen Julian Bensadoun Jeffrey T.Felix James L.Cook Chang H.Lee Regenerative Engineering Laboratory Columbia University Medical Center630 W.168 St.-VC12-212New YorkNY10032USA Thompson Laboratory for Regenerative Orthopaedics Missouri Orthopedic InstituteUniversity of Missouri1100 Virginia AvenueColumbi1MO65212USA

Meniscus injuries are extremely common with approximately one million patients undergoing surgical treatment annually in the U.S. alone, but no regenerative therapy exist. Previously, we showed that controlled applications of connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) and transforming growth factor beta 3 (TGFβ3) via fibrin-based bio-glue facilitate meniscus healing by inducing recruitment and stepwise differentiation of synovial mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells. Here, we first explored the potential of genipin, a natural crosslinker, to enhance fibrin-based glue’s mechanical and degradation properties. In parallel, we identified the harmful effects of lubricin on meniscus healing and investigated the mechanism of lubricin deposition on the injured meniscus surface. We found that the pre-deposition of hyaluronic acid (HA) on the torn meniscus surface mediates lubricin deposition. Then we implemented chemical modifications with heparin conjugation and CD44 on our bioactive glue to achieve strong initial bonding and integration of lubricin pre-coated meniscal tissues. Our data suggested that heparin conjugation significantly enhances lubricin-coated meniscal tissues. Similarly, CD44, exhibiting a strong binding affinity to lubricin and hyaluronic acid (HA), further improved the integrated healing of HA/lubricin pre-coated meniscus injuries. These findings may represent an important foundation for developing a translational bio-active glue guiding the regenerative healing of meniscus injuries.

关键词： Knee meniscus Bioactive glue Stem cell recruitment Lubricin

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BRITACOM and the Digitalization of Tax Administration

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Belt and Road Initiative Tax Journal 2020年第2期1卷 77-89页

作者： david Linke lewis Lu Chris Morgan Conrad Turley Tax and Legal KPMG International Tax and Legal KPMG Asia Pacific and KPMG China Global Tax Policy KPMG China Tax Centre KPMG China

This article looks at how enhanced digitalization of tax administration can raise both taxpayer service and enforcement effectiveness and address potential bottlenecks and barriers to BRI trade and *** article also draws on the extensive experiences from BRI jurisdictions and elsewhere in the world,points to potential learning points for BRI tax administrations.

关键词： Digitalization BRI BRITACOM Compliance by design Digital taxpayer interface Real-time information

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Is It Possible to Publish a Calibration Function for Radiochromic Film?

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International Journal of Medical Physics, Clinical Engineering and Radiation Oncology 2014年第1期3卷 25-30页

作者： Maria F. Chan david lewis Xiang Yu Advanced Materials Group Ashland Inc. Bridgewater USA Department of Medical Physics Memorial Sloan-Kettering Can-cer Center Basking Ridge USA

Purpose: To assess the possibility of using a public calibration function for radiochromic film dosimetry in dose QA of highly conformal treatment plans. Methods: EBT3 film calibration strips (3.5 × 20 cm2 from lots A101212 and A011713) were exposed on a Varian Trilogy at a facility to a 10 × 10 cm2 open field at doses of 80, 160, 320 cGy using 6MV photons. Together with a strip of unexposed film from the same lot, the exposed films were digitized in a single scan using different Epson 10,000 XL scanners at two different facilities. The dose-response data for each color-channel from each facility were generated using the same calibration function X(D) = a + b/(D - c), where X(D) is the response at dose D and a, b and c are the coefficients. Different batches of EBT3 film were exposed to a VMAT beam. These films, plus two reference strips exposed to doses of zero and 160 cGy, were digitized on the scanners at the two facilities. Using the multi-channel dosimetry method and One-scan protocol (Med Phys, 39: 6339-6349, 2012) the recorded doses on the VMAT films were calculated and the results were compared with the VMAT plan using a Gamma index of 3%/3 mm. Results: The passing rates obtained for dose maps calculated for all combinations of VMAT images and calibration functions were nearly unchanged, using the One-scan protocol. Also, in all cases a passing rate of >99% was obtained for Gamma index of 3%/3 mm. On the other hand, if the One-scan protocol was not employed, the dose maps for VMAT images and calibration functions from different scanners showed poor correlation with the treatment plan. This is probably due to the scan-to-scan variability. Conclusions: The authors have found that it is feasible to use a public calibration function for a given radiochromic film lot using the same methodology, One-scan protocol, for patient-specific QA.

关键词： Dosimetry Quality Assurance IMRT Radiochromic Film Multichannel

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The BEPS 2.0 Era Dawns:Five Long-term Implications for Belt and Road Jurisdictions

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Belt and Road Initiative Tax Journal 2022年第1期3卷 57-67页

作者： david Linke lewis Lu Grant Wardell-Johnson Conrad Turley KPMG International KPMG Asia Pacific&China KPMG UK KPMG China

The OECD/G20 Inclusive Framework(IF)on Base Erosion and Profit Shifting(BEPS)has substantially finalized the model rules and much of the guidance for the so-called“Pillar 2”global minimum tax,while work continues on the so-called“Pillar 1”new taxing rights for market *** many BRI jurisdictions are among the 141 IF members,there is value in starting to consider the long-term implications of the new global tax system,and the extent to which the Belt and Road Initiative Tax Administration Cooperation Mechanism(BRITACOM),through the four core work areas of the Nur-Sultan Action Plan(2022-2024),can contribute to ensuring that BRI jurisdictions manage the transition for maximum benefit.

关键词： BEPS Pillar 1 Pillar 2 BRITACOM Subsidies Tax incentives Tax transparency

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The Effect of Fasting on PET Imaging of Hepatocellular Carcinoma

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Journal of Cancer Therapy 2013年第2期4卷 562-567页

作者： Nathan Tenley david J. Corn lewis Yuan Zhenghong Lee Department of Biomedical Engineering Case Western Reserve University Cleveland USA Department of Radiology University Hospitals Case Medical Center Cleveland USA.

The clinical utility of positron emission tomography (PET) imaging for liver cancer applications is not clearly defined either for diagnosis or treatment assessment. Previous clinical studies demonstrated that fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) did not show uptake in some hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) while acetate showed uptake. Pre-imaging fasting is required for clinical PET imaging with FDG. No studies were done to confirm the effect of fasting on acetate uptake in HCC for PET imaging. We investigated this situation with a woodchuck model of viral infection-induced HCC. Methods: Four tumor-bearing and one control woodchucks were involved in this study. They were first imaged by PET in fed state followed by another imaging session one week later when they were fasted over-night. Some animals also had FDG- PET scan that was acquired later on the same day. After imaging studies, animals were sacrificed, and their liver excised for histology. Standardized Uptake Value (SUV) was calculated using a region of interest (ROI) placed on each tumor with focal uptake. Results: Acetate showed uptake in each HCC lesion when the animals were either fasted or fed with no significant difference in SUV values (p = 0.177);some of the tumors were histologically confirmed as well-differentiated HCC while others were confirmed as moderately- or poorly-differentiated HCC;no focal uptake was found in the control animal. For the accompanying FDG scans, the uptake was detected only in animals that were fasted although the uptake pattern was different from that with acetate. Conclusion: This study provided a hint that fasting or not has little impact on PET imaging of HCC with acetate. It also confirmed prior finding regarding tumor heterogeneity that led to different tracer uptake pattern in the same tumor. Human studies are needed to validate the findings from this pre-clinical investigation.

关键词： Acetate FDG Hepatocellular Carcinoma Woodchuck Positron Emission Tomography

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The Homotopical Proof of Π1(S, xo) as a Fundamental Group in a General Interval

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Advances in Pure Mathematics 2021年第5期11卷 377-385页

作者： Zigli david Delali Obeng-Denteh William Brew lewis Ansah Richard Kwame Department of Mathematical Sciences University of Mines and Technology Tarkwa Ghana Department of Mathematics Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Kumasi Ghana Department of Mathematics and Statistics University of Energy and Natural Resources Sunyani Ghana

The aim of this study is to establish that, the equivalent class which is made up of homotopic loops is a group with respect to in the general interval [m,n]. The study proved from homotopical point of view that is associative, has an identity and inverse function. The study established with proof that is a fundamental group in [m,n] ,.

关键词： Homotopy Fundamental Group Homeomorphism Equivalent Class Path Concatenation

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