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Data-Driven Discovery in Mineralogy: Recent Advances in Data Resources, Analysis, and Visualization

Engineering 2019年第3期5卷 397-405页

作者： Robert M. Hazen Robert T. Downs Ahmed Eleish Peter Fox Olivier C. Gagné joshua j. Golden Edward S. Grew Daniel R. Hummer Grethe Hystad Sergey V. Krivovichev Congrui Li Chao Liu Xiaogang Ma Shaunna M. Morrison Feifei Pan Alexander j. Pires Anirudh Prabhu jolyon ralph Simone E. Runyon Hao Zhong Geophysical Laboratory Carnegie Institution for Science Washington DC 20015 USA Department of Geology and Geophysics University of Wyoming Laramie WY 82071-2000 USA Department of Geosciences The University of Arizona Tucson AZ 85721-0077 USA Tetherless World Constellation Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Troy NY 12180 USA School of Earth and Climate Sciences University of Maine Orono ME 04469 USA Department of Geology Southern Illinois University Carbondale IL 62901 USA Mathematics Statistics and Computer Science Purdue University Northwest Hammond IN 46323-2094 USA Kola Science Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences Apatity Murmansk Region 184209 Russia Department of Computer Science University of Idaho Moscow ID 83844-1010 USA *** Mitcham CR4 4FD UK

Large and growing data resources on the diversity, distribution, and properties of minerals are ushering in a new era of data-driven discovery in mineralogy. The most comprehensive international mineral database is the IMA database, which includes information on more than 5400 approved mineral species and their properties, and the *** data source, which contains more than 1 million species/locality data on minerals found at more than 300 000 localities. Analysis and visualization of these data with diverse techniques—including chord diagrams, cluster diagrams, Klee diagrams, skyline diagrams, and varied methods of network analysis—are leading to a greater understanding of the co-evolving geosphere and biosphere. New data-driven approaches include mineral evolution, mineral ecology, and mineral network analysis—methods that collectively consider the distribution and diversity of minerals through space and time. These strategies are fostering a deeper understanding of mineral co-occurrences and, for the first time, facilitating predictions of mineral species that occur on Earth but have yet to be discovered and described.

关键词： Mineral evolution ecology Skyline diagrams Network analysis Cluster Chord Klee

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TBI Technique Improvements for Anesthetized Pediatric Patients Based on Near-Miss Incident Reporting

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International journal of Medical Physics, Clinical Engineering and Radiation Oncology 2016年第4期5卷 270-280页

作者： Ning Cao Eric C. Ford Matthew j. Nyflot ralph P. Ermoian Nicole W. Pelly Lori Young Kristi Hendrickson Department of Radiation Oncology University of Washington Seattle WA USA Department of Anesthesiology & Pain Medicine University of Washington Seattle WA USA

Purpose: To share our clinical experience of an optimized and comprehensive pediatric TBI technique. Methods and Materials: Through the use of incident learning, safety-critical areas were identified in our procedure for total body irradiation (TBI) for pediatric patients under anesthesia for bone-marrow transplant. The previous procedure lacked flexibility to accommodate various requests from the anesthesia team due to the wide range of patient sizes. To address this issue and to improve the process overall, we updated our procedure for TBI simulation, dosimetry planning, patient setup during treatment, and in vivo dosimetry. A simulation form was redesigned with additional detailed instructions and documentation requirements. The dose calculation procedure was reformulated to remove dependence on setup variations. Tissue compensation determination and therefore dose uniformity were improved by introducing rigorous calculation methods. Calculations were performed on 28 previously-treated patients to compare the dose uniformity using the new versus previous methods. Results: The new procedures improve interdepartmental communication, simplify the workflow, decrease the risk of treating patients in a setup that differs from that used during the simulation, and reduce dose heterogeneity. The new compensator design significantly improved patient dose uniformity: 0.8% ± 0.4% (new method) vs. 4.2% ± 2.3% (previous method) (p Conclusion: A near-miss incident reporting system was used to improve the safety and quality of pediatric TBI procedures under anesthesia.

关键词： Pediatric Total Body Irradiation Simulation Dosimetry Treatment Setup Continuous Safety Improvement (CSI)

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PTC热敏电阻石英晶体恒温器

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压电与声光 1983年第3期 72-75页

作者： j.E.ralph 杨国庆英·菲利普斯研究所

本文介绍一种以PTC热敏电阻为基础的自稳恒温器的结构和性能.当用于控制石英晶体温度时,在-40℃到+70℃的环境温度范围内,7.15MHz的频偏为1.7ppm.根据计算与观察性能的一致性,可以预言在具备更合适的PTC材料后,还可以大大提高恒温水平.

关键词：石英晶体压电石英热敏电阻热敏元件加热器恒温器 PTC

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Perturbations of the ileal mycobiota by necrotic enteritis in broiler chickens

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journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2022年第2期13卷 520-535页

作者： Qing Yang jing Liu Kelsy j.Robinson Melanie A.Whitmore Sydney N.Stewart Guolong Zhang Department of Animal and Food Sciences Oklahoma State UniversityStillwaterOKUSA Poultry Production and Product Safety Research Unit USDA-Agricultural Research ServiceFayettevilleARUSA Safety and Security Division Institute for Public ResearchCNAArlingtonVAUSA

Background:Intestinal microbiota is critical for maintaining animal health and ***,involvement of the fungal community,also known as the mycobiota,in animal health and disease is poorly *** study was aimed to examine the association between the intestinal mycobiota and the severity of necrotic enteritis(NE),an economically significant poultry ***:A total of 90 day-of-hatch Cobb broilers were infected with Eimeria maxima on d 10,followed by an oral challenge with *** on d 14 to induce NE,while another 10 broilers were served as mock-infected *** d 17,the lesions in the jejunum were scored,and the ileal digesta were subjected to DNA isolation and real-time PCR quantification of total bacterial and fungi *** transcribed spacer 2(ITS2)amplicon sequencing was also performed to profile the ileal mycobiota *** in the ileal mycobiota in response to NE were *** correlation analysis was further conducted to identify the correlations between relative abundances of individual ileal fungi and the severity of ***:While the total bacterial population in the ileum was increased by 2-to 3-fold in NE chickens,the total fungal population was progressively declined in more exacerbated NE,with the most severely infected chickens showing a nearly 50-fold reduction relative to mock-infected *** of the ileal mycobiota also tended to reduce in chickens with NE(P=0.06).Compositionally,among 30 most abundant fungal amplicon sequence variants(ASVs),11 were diminished and 7 were enriched(P0.05).Multiple Wallemia and Aspergillus species were markedly diminished in NE(P<0.05)and also showed a significant negative correlation with NE severity(P<0.05).Conclusions:Dysbiosis of the ileal mycobiota is induced evidently by NE and the extent of the dysbiosis is positively correlated with disease ***

关键词： Antimicrobial resistance C.perfringens Dysbiosis ITS sequencing Microbiome Mycobiota Necrotic enteritis Poultry

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Developing one-dimensional implosions for inertial confinement fusion science

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High Power Laser Science and Engineering 2016年第4期4卷 1-7页

作者： j.L.Kline S.A.Yi A.N.Simakov R.E.Olson D.C.Wilson G.A.Kyrala T.S.Perry S.H.Batha E.L.Dewald j.E.ralph D.j.Strozzi A.G.MacPhee D.A.Callahan D.Hinkel O.A.Hurricane R.j.Leeper A.B.Zylstra R.R.Peterson B.M.Haines L.Yin P.A.Bradley R.C.Shah T.Braun j.Biener B.j.Kozioziemski j.D.Sater M.M.Biener A.V.Hamza A.Nikroo L.F.Berzak Hopkins D.Ho S.LePape N.B.Meezan D.S.Montgomery W.S.Daughton E.C.Merritt T.Cardenas E.S.Dodd Los Alamos National Laboratory Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory

Experiments on the National Ignition Facility show that multi-dimensional effects currently dominate the implosion performance. Low mode implosion symmetry and hydrodynamic instabilities seeded by capsule mounting features appear to be two key limiting factors for implosion performance. One reason these factors have a large impact on the performance of inertial confinement fusion implosions is the high convergence required to achieve high fusion *** tackle these problems, a predictable implosion platform is needed meaning experiments must trade-off high gain for performance. LANL has adopted three main approaches to develop a one-dimensional(1D) implosion platform where 1D means measured yield over the 1D clean calculation. A high adiabat, low convergence platform is being developed using beryllium capsules enabling larger case-to-capsule ratios to improve symmetry. The second approach is liquid fuel layers using wetted foam targets. With liquid fuel layers, the implosion convergence can be controlled via the initial vapor pressure set by the target fielding temperature. The last method is double shell targets. For double shells, the smaller inner shell houses the DT fuel and the convergence of this cavity is relatively small compared to hot spot ignition. However,double shell targets have a different set of trade-off versus advantages. Details for each of these approaches are described.

关键词： beryllium capsules double shells inertial confinement fusion liquid layers

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从医生到杰出的科学家：2011年美国医师协会George ***颁奖仪式上对Robert ***科学生平的介绍

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山东大学学报（医学版） 2012年第12期50卷 1-9页

作者： ralph Snyderman 李慧郑文帅龚正孙金鹏杜克大学山东大学医学院生物化学和分子生物学研究所济南250012 实验畸形学教育部重点实验室济南250012 山东大学医学院生理学研究所济南250012 山东大学威海分校威海262049

今年,瑞典皇家科学院将2012年度诺贝尔化学奖授予了两名美国科学家,罗伯特·莱夫科维茨（Robert ***,Robert在美国的小名为Bob）和他的学生布莱恩.科比尔卡（Brian ***）,以表彰他们在G蛋白偶联受体（GPCR）领域做出的奠基性贡献。Lefko... 详细信息

今年,瑞典皇家科学院将2012年度诺贝尔化学奖授予了两名美国科学家,罗伯特·莱夫科维茨（Robert ***,Robert在美国的小名为Bob）和他的学生布莱恩.科比尔卡（Brian ***）,以表彰他们在G蛋白偶联受体（GPCR）领域做出的奠基性贡献。Lefkowitz可以说是GPCR领域的奠基人之一。GPCR在基础科学和应用科学研究中都比较重要,特别是药物发现方面,40%的临床处方药均靶向这些蛋白。Lefkowitz关于GPCR的研究一直引领着药物学和药理学的发展脚步。

关键词：美国科学家 George 医师协会 G蛋白偶联受体医生生平诺贝尔化学奖 GPCR

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Sirtuin-1 mediates the obesity induced risk of common degenerative diseases: Alzheimer’s disease, coronary artery disease and type 2 diabetes

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Health 2012年第12期4卷 1448-1456页

作者： Ian james Martins Andrea. C. Wilson Wei Ling Florence Lim Simon. M. Laws Stephanie. j. Fuller ralph Nigel Martins Centre of Excellence in Alzheimer’s Disease Research and Care School of Medical Sciences Edith Cowan University Perth Australia McCusker Alzheimer’s Research Foundation Hollywood Medical Centre Perth Australia School of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences The University of Western Australia Perth Australia

Obesity, especially at mid-life, is a major risk factor for atherosclerosis, insulin resistance and the metabolic syndrome, which in turn contribute to coronary artery disease (CAD), Type 2 diabetes and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The rise in overweight and obesity in all societies is prompting intense research into the causes and effects of the condition. Obesity disrupts many body systems including glucose and lipid metabolism, circadian rhythms and liver function. It also causes or increases inflammation and oxidative stress. Within cells, the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) appears to be particularly susceptible to such metabolic disruption. Sirtuin 1?(Sirt1) and leptin have received attention recently as they are central regulatory factors for the body’s metabolic pathways which interact at particular levels, for example lipid and Abeta metabolism. This mini-review discusses recent findings concerning obesity, lipid metabolism and the role of Sirtuin 1 and how all influence the ER. A greater understanding of obesity and its effects on metabolic control systems of the body are required, to develop pharmacological, dietary and lifestyle changes that will reduce the incidence of CAD, Type 2 diabetes and AD.

关键词： Obesity Sirtuin 1 Alzheimer’s Disease Cardiovascular Disease Diabetes

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关于痛风诊治决策的调查及相关因素分析

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中华医学杂志 2006年第27期86卷 1901-1905页

作者：方卫纲曾学军李梦涛 Lan X Chen H ralph Schumacher jr 张奉春中国医学科学院中国协和医科大学北京协和医院普通内科 100730 中国医学科学院中国协和医科大学北京协和医院风湿免疫科 100730 美国宾夕法尼亚大学风湿免疫科

目的了解国内医生诊治痛风的决策并对相关因素进行分析。方法对197名医生进行了关于痛风诊治决策的现场问卷调查,同时收集答卷人的个人资料,通过双变量分析和多重Logistic回归分析模型,分析影响决策的相关因素。结果一共收回120份有效... 详细信息

目的了解国内医生诊治痛风的决策并对相关因素进行分析。方法对197名医生进行了关于痛风诊治决策的现场问卷调查,同时收集答卷人的个人资料,通过双变量分析和多重Logistic回归分析模型,分析影响决策的相关因素。结果一共收回120份有效答卷。在诊断痛风时,94名医生(78．3％)认为应该检查患者的关节滑液。在治疗急性痛风发作时,如果患者肾功能良好,83名医生(69．2％)首选口服秋水仙碱;如果患者肾功能不全,50名医生(41．7％)首选皮质激素或促皮质激素。在降血尿酸治疗时,99名医生(82．5％)选择的指征不当,107名医生(89．2％)治疗开始得太早,92名医生(76．7％)用药的时间不够长。另外,在开始降血尿酸治疗的同时,仅有17名医生(14．2％)预防急性痛风的发作。多重Logistic回归分析发现痛风继续教育是医生采取正确诊断方法的相关因素。结论国内医生诊治痛风的决策与目前国际较为公认的意见并不一致,高质量的医学继续教育有可能提高医生诊治痛风的决策水平。

关键词：痛风决策问卷

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Cyclic Guanosine Monophosphate and Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate Modulate the Contractility of Smooth Muscle from Seminal Vesicle

Cyclic Guanosine Monophosphate and Cyclic Adenosine Monophos...

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第十五届全国泌尿外科学术会议

作者： Weifu Wang a, b, Song Cen a, Le Chang b, Changhao Wu c, Suks Minhas d, david j.ralph d, AND Chris H Fry c Department of Urology, People’s Hospital of Hainan Province, Haikou, Hainan Province, 570311 China 570311

Objective: The smooth muscle of SV play a vital role in the course of ejaculation, and hence studying the second massagers regulating the contractility of smooth muscle from SV may unveil the mechanisms of PE which is...

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基于LC-MS-MS的代谢分析揭示小细胞肺癌亚群代谢机理

基于LC-MS-MS的代谢分析揭示小细胞肺癌亚群代谢机理

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第三届全国质谱分析学术报告会

作者：胡泽平黄方 ralph j.DeBerardinis 清华大学药学院 Children's Medical Center Research Institute University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center

基于质谱的靶向代谢组学方法,可以提供比非靶向代谢组学方法更高的灵敏度和更好的特异性。同时,基于非放射性同位素标记的代谢流分析方法可以提供关于代谢通路的动态信息,从而更有利于深入理解特定代谢通路。这些方法在疾病尤其是肿瘤... 详细信息

基于质谱的靶向代谢组学方法,可以提供比非靶向代谢组学方法更高的灵敏度和更好的特异性。同时,基于非放射性同位素标记的代谢流分析方法可以提供关于代谢通路的动态信息,从而更有利于深入理解特定代谢通路。这些方法在疾病尤其是肿瘤的代谢研究中发挥着重要的作用。越来越多的研究证明,肿瘤的发生、发展和最终的转移都与代谢通路的重编程密切相关。因此,我们建立了一系列的代谢组学和代谢流分析方法,用于研究肿瘤的代谢重编程。小细胞肺癌(SCLC)是一种侵袭性肺神经内分泌肿瘤,其死亡率高且治疗方法少。在本研究中,我们试图了解SCLC中的分子和代谢异质性,并确定亚型的选择性脆弱性。首先,我们对26个SCLC细胞系进行了代谢组学和基因表达谱分析。基因表达谱分析发现,29个人SCLC细胞系的基因表达的非负矩阵因子分解显示出两个主要的簇,以Achaete-scute homolog-1(ASCL1)为最高差异基因。我们将这些分子亚型指定为ASCL1和ASCL1 SCLC细胞系。这26个细胞系中代谢组学结果显示,ASCL1和ASCL1亚型的代谢物在PCA分析中差异是相当明显。PLSDA显示区分ASCL1和ASCL1亚型之间的代谢物主要来自涉及核苷酸生物合成、氨基酸代谢和三羧酸循环等通路的代谢物。尤其是ASCL1细胞积累了几种嘌呤核苷酸。嘌呤核苷酸为RNA和DNA合成、细胞信号传导和能量学提供了重要的中间体。碱基可从5-磷酸核苷酸焦磷酸钠合成;或通过碱救援通路,从核苷酸降解中再生。在我们的代谢组学分析中检测到的嘌呤核苷酸,包括IMP、GMP、XMP和AMP,在ASCL1组中均显著升高。代谢基因表达的变化和细胞内代谢物水平的变化均不足以表明代谢率的变化。因此,我们进一步进行了代谢流分析。通过测量在[γ-N]谷氨酰胺上产生的N掺入到嘌呤核苷酸中,来评估SCLC细胞系中的嘌呤生物合成速率。除了磷酸核糖胺中含有的一个氮之外,谷氨酰胺还可向IMP和GMP分别提供一个和两个酰基氮。如预期的那样,用[γ-N]谷氨酰胺培养后,IMP m+2,AMP m+2和GMP m+3是嘌呤的主要标记形式,且富集随培养时间增加。结果显示,标记6小时后,ASCL1细胞比ASCL1细胞显示较高的IMP m+2,AMPm+2和GMP m+3的比例。总体而言,ASCL1细胞系比ASCL1细胞系具有更高的增殖率。这些数据显示,在ASCL1 SCLC细胞中从头嘌呤合成增强。进一步的生物学实验发现,鸟嘌呤核苷酸在ASCL1细胞系和来自遗传工程小鼠的肿瘤中升高。来自小鼠和人的ASCL1细胞和肿瘤均表达高水平的肌苷一磷酸脱氢酶-1和-2(IMPDH1和IMPDH2),这些是鸟嘌呤核苷酸从头合成的限速酶。编码这些酶的基因是MYC,其在ASCL1SCLC中选择性地过表达。以药物抑制IMPDH,可以降低RNA聚合酶I依赖性前核糖体RNA的表达,并有效地抑制体外培养的ASCL1的细胞生长。同时,也可以抑制来自于ASCL1而非ASCL1细胞系的小鼠肿瘤的生长。另外,结合化疗可显著抑制肿瘤生长并提高ASCL1/MYCSCLC遗传小鼠模型中的存活率。我们的研究证明了基于ASCL的SCLC亚型与依赖从头鸟嘌呤核苷酸合成相关的选择性代谢脆弱性,这为开发新的治疗方法提供了理论依据。

关键词：质谱代谢组学代谢流肿瘤代谢肺癌

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