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In-vitro vs in-vivo Inoculation: Screening for Resistance of Australian Rice Genotypes Against Blast Fungus

Rice science 2015年第3期22卷 132-137页

作者： Vineela CHALLAGULLA Surya BHATTARAI david j.midmore Central Queensland University School of Medical and Applied Sciences

To assist with rapid screening for rice blast resistance as a precursor in a breeding program, the susceptibility to rice blast of 13 rice genotypes from Australia was evaluated in May to june 2013 using three distinct inoculation methods（spot, filter paper and standard methods） at seedling, vegetative and reproductive stages. The results revealed that the spot and filter paper inoculation methods were successful in discerning susceptibility to the rice blast disease（P ≤ 0.05）. Disease susceptibility declined significantly from the vegetative to reproductive stages. The standard method was conducted at three different stages for pot plants grown inside the mist house. However, low temperatures did not produce disease symptoms except in a few genotypes. Among the 13 rice genotypes screened, AAT9 expressed a highly resistant response, and AAT4, AAT6, AAT10, AAT11, AAT13, AAT17 and AAT18 expressed resistance at various stages. The results will be useful for selecting elite genotypes for disease tolerance where rice blast is prevalent. In addition, the resistant genotypes can serve as a gene pool used in breeding programmes to develop new resistant genotypes.

关键词： spot inoculation filter paper inoculation standard method seedling stage vegetative stage reproductive stage rice blast disease rice genotype

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Impact of oxygation on soil respiration, yield and water use efficiency of three crop species

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journal of Plant Ecology 2011年第4期4卷 236-248页

作者： Xinming Chen jay Dhungel Surya P.Bhattarai Manouchehr Torabi Lance Pendergast david j.midmore Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Areas Ministry of EducationNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxi 712100China Centre for Plant and Water Science Faculty of ScienceEngineering and HealthCQUniversityRockhamptonQueensland 4702Australia

Oxygation refers to irrigation of crops with aerated water,through air injection using the venturi principle or the supply of hydrogen peroxide in the root zone,both using subsurface drip irrigation(SDI)*** improves water use efficiency(WUE),producing more yield and,and therefore,optimizes the use of drip and *** the efficiency of oxygation is quite possibly dependent on a number of *** primary objective of this study was,therefore,to quantify the effects of oxygation,emitter depths and soil type on crop root zone oxygen content,soil respiration,plant physiological response,biomass yield,quality and WUE of three crop *** This study investigated the potential of oxygation to enhance soil respiration,plant growth,yield and water use efficiencies(WUE)of cotton and wheat in experiments in enclosed heavy-duty concrete troughs(tubs)and pineapple and cotton in field *** treatments in tubs for wheat included comparisons between two soil types(vertisol and ferrosol)and superimposed were two oxygation methods(Mazzei air injector and Seair Diffusion System)compared to a control,and for cotton,emitters at two depths using Mazzei air injectors were compared to a *** field experiments compared Mazzei air injectors and a control for cotton in Emerald and pineapple in Yeppoon,both in central Queensland,*** findings In all experiments,soil oxygen content and soil respiration markedly increased in response to the oxygation *** O2 concentration in the crop root zone increased by 2.4–32.6%,for oxygation compared to control at the same *** soil respiration increased by 42–100%.The number of wheat ears,leaf dry weight and total dry matter were significantly greater in Mazzei and Seair oxygation compared to the *** biomass of wheat increased by 11 and 8%,and dry weight of wheat increased by 8 and 3%in Mazzei and Seair oxygation treatments compared to the control,***

关键词： oxygation subsurface drip irrigation soil respiration yield water use efficiencies

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Oxygation Enhances Growth,Gas Exchange and Salt Tolerance of Vegetable Soybean and Cotton in a Saline Vertisol

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journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2009年第7期51卷 675-688页

作者： Surya P. Bhattarai david j. midmore Centre for Plant and Water Science Department of Molecular and Life SciencesCentral Queensland University

Impacts of salinity become severe when the soil is deficient in oxygen. OxygaUon （using aerated water for subsurface drip irrigation of crop） could minimize the impact of salinity on plants under oxygen-limiting soil environments. Pot experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of oxygation （12% air volume/volume of water） on vegetable soybean （moderately salt tolerant） and cotton （salt tolerant） in a salinized vertisol at 2, 8, 14, 20 dS/m ECe. In vegetable soybean, oxygation increased above ground biomass yield and water use efficiency （WUE） by 13% and 22%, respectively, compared with the control. Higher yield with oxygation was accompanied by greater plant height and stem diameter and reduced specific leaf area and leaf Na^＋ and CI^- concentrations. In cotton, oxygation increased lint yield and WUE by 18% and 16%, respectively, compared with the control, and was accompanied by greater canopy light interception, plant height and stem diameter. Oxygation also led to a greater rate of photosynthesis, higher relative water content in the leaf, reduced crop water stress index and lower leaf water potential. It did not, however, affect leaf Na^＋ or CI^- concentration. Oxygation invariably increased, whereas salinity reduced the K^＋： Na^＋ ratio in the leaves of both species. Oxygation improved yield and WUE performance of salt tolerant and moderately tolerant crops under saline soil environments, and this may have a significant impact for irrigated agriculture where saline soils pose constraints to crop production.

关键词： cotton irrigation light interception oxygation saline soil salt exclusion stem diameter vegetable soybean

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加氧灌溉对菠萝根区土壤呼吸和生理特性的影响

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排灌机械工程学报 2010年第6期28卷 543-547页

作者：陈新明 jay Dhungel Surya Bhattarai Manouchehr Tobrabi Dayid j.midmore 河北农林科技大学水利与建筑工程学院陕西杨凌712100 旱区农业水土工程教育部重点实验室陕西杨凌712100 中央昆士兰大学植物与水研究中心澳大利亚Rockhampton4702

通过大田试验,研究了加氧灌溉对菠萝根区土壤呼吸作用、生理特性、生物量积累、果实产量、品质和水分利用效率的影响.采用Mazeei(空气注射器)给地下灌溉系统加入空气,设计了加氧和不加氧灌溉2种处理方式,7次重复.设计滴头埋深10 cm.研... 详细信息

通过大田试验,研究了加氧灌溉对菠萝根区土壤呼吸作用、生理特性、生物量积累、果实产量、品质和水分利用效率的影响.采用Mazeei(空气注射器)给地下灌溉系统加入空气,设计了加氧和不加氧灌溉2种处理方式,7次重复.设计滴头埋深10 cm.研究表明,与对照相比,菠萝根区30 cm以内土壤水分质量分数和CO2质量分数没有明显差异,但是加氧灌溉使得土壤呼吸增加了100%;菠萝的果实鲜重、生物量鲜重、干物质重和收获指数明显增大,差异有统计学意义(p≤0.05);加氧灌溉提高了菠萝的水分生产率,与对照相比增加了17.2%;同时,加氧灌溉明显改善了菠萝单果尺寸和重量,使得单果重量增加了17.3%,田间产量增加了4.3%,增加了果实的糖质量分数,减少了果实的透明物.研究结果为加氧灌溉技术的推广应用提供了理论依据.

关键词：加氧灌溉土壤呼吸产量水分利用效率菠萝

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