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Gastroenteric tube feeding: Techniques, problems and solutions

World journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第26期20卷 8505-8524页

作者： Irina Blumenstein Yogesh M Shastri jürgen Stein Department of Gastroenterology and Clinical Nutrition Johann Wolfgang Goethe University Clinic Gastroenterology and Clinical Nutrition Hospital Sachsenhausen Crohn Colitis Clinical Research Center RheinMain

Gastroenteric tube feeding plays a major role in the management of patients with poor voluntary intake,chronic neurological or mechanical dysphagia or gut dysfunction,and patients who are critically ***,despite the benefits and widespread use of enteral tube feeding,some patients experience *** review aims to discuss and compare current knowledge regarding the clinical application of enteral tube feeding,together with associated complications and special *** conducted an extensive literature search on PubMed,Embase and Medline using index terms relating to enteral access,enteral feeding/nutrition,tube feeding,percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy/jejunostomy,endoscopic nasoenteric tube,nasogastric tube,and refeeding *** literature showed common routes of enteral access to include nasoenteral tube,gastrostomy and jejunostomy,while complications fall into four major categories:mechanical,e.g.,tube blockage or removal;gastrointestinal,e.g.,diarrhea;infectious e.g.,aspiration pneumonia,tube site infection;and metabolic,e.g.,refeeding syndrome,*** the type and frequency of complications arising from tube feeding vary considerably according to the chosen access route,gastrointestinal complications are without doubt the most *** associated with enteral tube feeding can be reduced by careful observance of guidelines,including those related to food composition,administration rate,portion size,food temperature and patient supervision.

关键词： Enteral tube feeding Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy Refeeding syndrome Enteral nutrition Buried bumper syndrome Nasoenteral tubes Colocutaneous fistulae

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微波等离子体化学气相沉积法在硅片上同时生长碳化硅和金刚石

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新型炭材料 2008年第3期23卷 250-258页

作者：唐春玖符连社 A.j.S.Fernandes M.j.Soares Gil Cabral A.j.Neves j.Grácio Center for Mechanical Technology and Automation and Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Aveiro Department of Physics and CICECO University of Aveiro Department of Physics University of Aveiro

研究了衬底温度、核化密度、衬底表面预处理等工艺参数对微波等离子体化学气相沉积法在硅片上同时生长碳化硅和金刚石的影响。采用扫描电镜、X-射线衍射、喇曼光谱和红外光谱对样品进行了表征。结果表明:从高核化密度生长的金刚石膜中... 详细信息

研究了衬底温度、核化密度、衬底表面预处理等工艺参数对微波等离子体化学气相沉积法在硅片上同时生长碳化硅和金刚石的影响。采用扫描电镜、X-射线衍射、喇曼光谱和红外光谱对样品进行了表征。结果表明:从高核化密度生长的金刚石膜中探测不到碳化硅;不论对硅衬底进行抛光预处理还是未抛光预处理,从低核化密度生长的金刚石厚膜中总能探测到碳化硅。碳化硅生长在硅衬底上未被金刚石覆盖的地方,或者是在金刚石晶核之间的空洞处。碳化硅形成和金刚石生长是同时发生的两个竞争过程。此研究结果为制备金刚石和碳化硅复合材料提供了一种新的方法。

关键词：碳化硅金刚石厚膜红外光谱微波等离子体气相化学沉积

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Simulation of Propagation Loss Models and Antenna Designs for Naval Troposcatter and Tropospheric Duct Communications

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China Communications 2007年第3期4卷 63-68页

作者： Nikos j.Farsaris Peter P.Stavroulakis Aristotle's University of Thessaloniki Faculty of Electrical Engineering Telecommunications Department Technical University of Crete Electronic and Computer Engineering Department Systems Sector Prof.

Tropospheric Scattering(Troposcatter) and Tropospheric Ducting are two different mechanisms due to in-homogenoueties in the lower part of the Earths *** common influence in propagation of microwaves is studied here in order to achieve a feasible naval communication *** not new,Troposcatter together with Tropospheric Ducting communications are regaining popularity in current military and civil applications such as isolated islands and oil extraction facilities in the open *** innovation proposed here is the application of such systems in naval communications where at least one of the stations is *** propagation together with fading models are simulated using appropriate programs and scientific simulation packets in order to predict maximum range of such communication systems in each dominant mode of *** appropriate antenna design proposals are given to overcome the high propagation loss and minimize possible interferences.

关键词： naval communications tropospheric scattering tropospheric ducting

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Compositional complexity dependence of dislocation density and mechanical properties in high entropy alloy systems

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2020年第4期30卷 545-551页

作者： P.Thirathipviwat G.Song j.Bednarcik U.Kühn T.Gemming K.Nielsch j.Han Leibniz Institute of Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden) Frontier Research Center for Applied Atomic Sciences Ibaraki University Division of Advanced Materials Engineering and Institute for rare metals Kongju National University Institute of Physic Pavol Jozef Safarik University in Ko?ice Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY) Institute of Materials Science Technische Universit?t Dresden Institute of Applied Physics Technische Universit?t Dresden Korea Institute for Rare Metals Korea Institute of Industrial Technology (KITECH)

This study focuses on a quantitative analysis of dislocation accumulation after cold plastic deformation and mechanical properties of Fe Ni Co Cr Mn and Ti Nb Hf Ta Zr high entropy alloys(HEAs) which are single phase fcc and bcc solid solutions, respectively. In order to study the role of compositional complexity from unary to quinary compositions on dislocation accumulation and mechanical properties after plastic deformation, the single solid solution phase forming sub-alloys of the two HEAs were investigated. All studied samples revealed a large plastic deformability under cold-rotary swaging process by 85–90% area reduction without intermediate annealing. The dislocation density of all studied samples, determined by Williamson-Hall method on synchrotron X-ray diffraction patterns, were between 1014-1015m-2dependent on the alloy composition. The level of dislocation density after plastic deformation is not only affected by the number of constituent element but the lattice distortion and intrinsic properties in terms of stacking fault energy, modulus misfit, and melting point also impact the dislocation storage. The level of dislocation density determines the level of mechanical properties because of a resistance to dislocation motions. The hardness and yield compressive strength of the studied samples are proportional to the level of dislocation density.

关键词： High entropy alloys Dislocation density Synchrotron XRD Mechanical properties

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On environmental threats to male infertility

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Asian journal of Andrology 2013年第2期15卷 199-200,I0005页

作者： Allen j Wilcox jens Peter E Bonde Epidemiology Branch National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences Durham NC 27709-2233 USA Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine University Hospital of Copenhagen Copenhagen NV DK-2400 Denmark

The possibility that environmental pollutants damage human fertility is a topic of both public concern and scientific interest. The effect of environmental factors on male fertility （semen parameters） has been a special focus, stimulated in part by the dramatic damage inflicted by the pcstlcide DBCP on testicular function. Extensive searches for testicular toxicants （in particular, the proposed effects of endocrine-disrupting compounds through fetal exposure） have produced little hard evidence of impairment in humans. This scarcity of evidence may reflect the difficultles of studying human fertility. Future fertifity studies should consider the wide spectrum of environmental exposures that plausibly affect reproduction.

关键词： TESTICULAR DYSGENESIS SYNDROME IN-UTERO EXPOSURE SPERM COUNTS SEMEN QUALITY ENDOCRINE DISRUPTION REPRODUCTIVE-TRACT FERTILITY PREGNANCY PHTHALATE SMOKING

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Insecticide resistance in malaria-transmitting mosquitoes in Zimbabwe: a review

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2015年第1期4卷 359-370页

作者： White Soko Moses j.Chimbari Samson Mukaratirwa School of Nursing and Public Health University of KwaZulu-NatalHoward CampusDurban 4001South Africa College of Health Sciences University of KwaZulu-NatalDurbanSouth Africa School of Life Sciences University of KwaZulu-NatalKwaZulu-NatalSouth Africa Ministry of Health and Child Care National Institute of Health ResearchP.O.Box CY 573CausewayZimbabwe

Malaria is a global public health problem,with about 3.2 billion people at risk of *** populations at risk mainly reside in Africa,Asia and America,with African populations accounting for the largest burden of the *** 2013,close to 198 million malaria cases were reported,leading to 584,000 ***(90%)of the mortality rates were recorded from the World Health Organization(WHO)database in the African region and 78%of these occurred in children under the age of *** Zimbabwe,approximately half of the population is at risk of infection with *** residual spraying(IRS)has been documented as an effective way to control malaria and has been adopted globally by the WHO and national ***,both insecticide resistance and climate change threaten to reverse the progress made by IRS in malaria *** has been reported in all four classes of insecticides approved by the WHO for vector control *** of environmental temperature is suspected to complicate the situation through alteration in the genetic structure,and enzyme and protein profiles of *** Zimbabwe,little research has been done on the interaction between climate change,temperature variability and insecticide resistance in malarial mosquitoes over *** information is important for informing policies on insecticide selection for *** reviewed literature on insecticide sensitivity among malarial mosquitoes in Zimbabwe from 1972 to *** peer-reviewed articles on insecticide sensitivity in Zimbabwe,published in English in this time period,were searched using MEDLINE®(PubMed),Google Scholar,Google and grey *** publications were eligible for the present study,with one of the articles being a review *** articles covered insecticide resistance,while the other two articles,published in 2000,were about the absence of *** resistance results were reported in *** insecticide s

关键词： Malaria Mosquitoes Vector control Insecticide resistance Insecticide sensitivity Zimbabwe

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A Constitutive Model for the Creep Behavior of Offwhite Marbles

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Advances in Applied Mathematics and Mechanics 2012年第3期4卷 354-364页

作者： X.D.Song j.H.Ren College of Science Yanshan UniversityQinhuangdao 066004China College of Civil Engineering&Mechanics Yanshan UniversityQinhuangdao 066004China

This paper reports an improved constitutive model for the shear creep behavior of offwhite marbles which are selected from slope and underground cavern and contain green schist’s weak structural *** shear creep behavior of the samples is characterized using the rheological *** on the experimental measurements on mechanical properties under different normal stress conditions,an improved model is proposed to analyze the experimental *** is demonstrated from a further discussion that such model can reflect the non-linear creep characteristics of structural planes,and especially,it is suitable for description of the viscoelastic and viscoplastic deformation behavior of structural planes.

关键词： Rock structural plane shear creep creep curve creep model

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Iron and liver fibrosis: Mechanistic and clinical aspects

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World journal of Gastroenterology 2019年第5期25卷 521-538页

作者： Kosha j Mehta Sebastien je Farnaud Paul A Sharp School of Population Health and Environmental Sciences Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine King’s College London Division of Human Sciences School of Applied Sciences London South Bank University Faculty Research Centre for Sport Exercise and Life Sciences Coventry University Department of Nutritional Sciences School of Life Course Sciences Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine King's College London

Liver fibrosis is characterised by excessive deposition of extracellular matrix that interrupts normal liver functionality. It is a pathological stage in several untreated chronic liver diseases such as the iron overload syndrome hereditary haemochromatosis, viral hepatitis, alcoholic liver disease, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and diabetes. Interestingly, regardless of the aetiology, iron-loading is frequently observed in chronic liver diseases. Excess iron can feed the Fenton reaction to generate unquenchable amounts of free radicals that cause grave cellular and tissue damage and thereby contribute to fibrosis. Moreover, excess iron can induce fibrosis-promoting signals in the parenchymal and non-parenchymal cells, which accelerate disease progression and exacerbate liver pathology. Fibrosis regression is achievable following treatment, but if untreated or unsuccessful, it can progress to the irreversible cirrhotic stage leading to organ failure and hepatocellular carcinoma, where resection or transplantation remain the only curative options. Therefore,understanding the role of iron in liver fibrosis is extremely essential as it can help in formulating iron-related diagnostic, prognostic and treatment strategies. These can be implemented in isolation or in combination with the current approaches to prepone detection, and halt or decelerate fibrosis progression before it reaches the irreparable stage. Thus, this review narrates the role of iron in liver fibrosis. It examines the underlying mechanisms by which excess iron can facilitate fibrotic responses. It describes the role of iron in various clinical pathologies and lastly,highlights the significance and potential of iron-related proteins in the diagnosis and therapeutics of liver fibrosis.

关键词： Iron Liver pathologies Liver fibrosis Hepatic stellate cells Cirrhosis

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An Implicit LU-SGS Scheme for the Spectral Volume Method on Unstructured Tetrahedral Grids

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Communications in Computational Physics 2009年第10期6卷 978-996页

作者： Takanori Haga Keisuke Sawada Z.j.Wang Department of Aerospace Engineering Tohoku UniversitySendai 980-8579Japan Department of Aerospace Engineering Iowa State UniversityAmesIA 50011USA

An efficient implicit lower-upper symmetric Gauss-Seidel(LU-SGS)solution approach has been applied to a high order spectral volume(SV)method for unstructured tetrahedral *** LU-SGS solver is preconditioned by the block element matrix,and the system of equations is then solved with a LU *** compact feature of SV reconstruction facilitates the efficient solution algorithm even for high order *** developed implicit solver has shown more than an order of magnitude of speed-up relative to the Runge-Kutta explicit scheme for typical inviscid and viscous problems.A convergence to a high order solution for high Reynolds number transonic flow over a 3D wing with a one equation turbulence model is also indicated.

关键词： High-order unstructured grid spectral volume implicit method

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Synthesis of 1,8-dioxooctahydroxanthenes utilizing PMA-SiO_2 as an efficient reusable catalyst

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2008年第7期19卷 771-774页

作者： P.Srihari S.S.Mandal j.S.S.Reddy R.Srinivasa Rao j.S.Yadav Organic Division-I Indian Institute of Chemical TechnologyHyderabad 500007India

PMA-SiO2 has been utilized as an efficient catalyst system in preparation of 1,8-dioxooctahydroxanthenes.

关键词： Heteropolyacids Xanthenes Pigments Dyes Silica gel

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