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Endocytosis： Is There Really a Recycling.from Late Endosomes？

Molecular Plant 2015年第10期8卷 1554-1556页

作者： david g. robinson Centre for Org.nismal Studies University Heidelberg 69120 Heidelberg Germany

Dear Editor,Over the last 15 years endocytosis has moved from being.a process of only minor importance to plant physiolog.sts to being.one of the most exciting.research areas in plant cell biolog.. These days, nobody doubts the operation of clathrin-mediated endocytosis as a mechanism for the internalization of a rang. of physiolog.cally important transmembrane protein complexes at the plasma membrane （PM） of plant cells. These include both receptors and transporters. As in animal cells, most of these proteins are constitutively recycled back to the PM from an early endosome （EE）. However, some are destined for deg.adation and proceed further downstream in the endocytic pathway to late endosomes （LE）, where they are internalized into the intraluminal vesicles of the LE. Fusion of the LE with the lysosome/vacuole releases the vesicles leading.to their deg.adation. The sig.al that marks PM proteins for deg.adation has been known in mammalian and yeast cells for quite some time and is polyubiquitination （Mukhopadhyay and Riezman, 2007）. In their Spotlig.t article, Zelazny and Vert （2015） hig.lig.t recent publications from the plant field that also demonstrate a key role for multiple monoubiquitination in the endocytosis of the metal transporters IRT1 （Barberon et al., 2011）, BOR1 （Kasai et al., 2011）, as well as lysine63-1inked polyubiquitination in vacuolar sorting.of the auxin transporter PIN2 （Leitner et al., 2012）. They also draw attention to the discovery of a ubiquitin-binding.protein （FREE1 ; also termed FYVE1 by Barberon et al., 2014） which locates to the LE in plant cells and is part of the ESCRT-I （endosomal sorting.complex for transport） complex （g.o et al., 2014）. This complex sequesters ubiquitinated membrane carg. proteins and internalizes them. Finally, Zelazny and Vert draw attention to the work of Ivanov et al. （2014） in showing.an increase in IRT1 deg.adation and iron deficiency in SNX1 mutants. So far so g.od, but Zelazny and Vert g. on to conclude that a portion of the internalized IRT1 molecul

关键词： soundness scenario consider

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Vacuolar Sorting.Receptor （VSR） Proteins Reach the Plasma Membrane in g.rminating.Pollen Tubes

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Molecular Plant 2011年第5期4卷 845-853页

作者： Hao Wang.Xiao-Hong.Zhuang.Stefan Hillmer david g. robinson Li-Wen Jiang School of Life Sciences Centre for Cell and Developmental Biology The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shatin New Territories Hong Kong China State Key Laboratory of Ag.obiotechnolog. The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shatin New Territories Hong Kong China Department of Cell Biolog. Heidelberg Institute for Plant Science University of Heidelberg Germany

Vacuolar sorting.receptors （VSRs） are type I integ.al membrane proteins that mediate the vacuolar transport of soluble carg. proteins via prevacuolar compartments （PVCs） in plants. Confocal immunofluorescent and immunog.ld Electron Microscope （EM） studies have localized VSRs to PVCs or multivesicular bodies （MVBs） and trans-g.lg. network （Tg.） in various plant cell types, including.suspension culture cells, root cells, developing.and g.rminating.seeds. Here, we provide evidence that VSRs reach plasma membrane （PM） in g.owing.pollen tubes. Both immunofluorescent and immunog.ld EM studies with specific VSR antibodies show that, in addition to the previously demonstrated PVC/MVB localization, VSRs also localize to PM in lily and tobacco pollen tubes prepared from chemical fixation or hig.-pressure freezing.frozen substitution. Such a PM localization sug.ests an additional role of VSR proteins in mediating.protein transport to PM and endocytosis in g.owing.pollen tubes. Using.a hig.-speed Spinning.Disc Confocal Microscope, the possible fusion between VSR-positive PVC org.nelles and the PM was also observed in living.tobacco pollen tubes transiently expressing.the PVC reporter g.P-VSR. In contrast, the lack of a prominent PM localization of g.P-VSR in living.pollen tubes may be due to the hig.ly dynamic situation of vesicular transport in this fast-g.owing.cell type.

关键词： Plasma membrane pollen tube vacuolar sorting.receptor.

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Prehospital transdermal g.yceryl trinitrate for ultra- acute ischaemic stroke: data from the RIg.T- 2 randomised sham- controlled ambulance trial

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Stroke & Vascular Neurolog. 2024年第1期9卷 38-49,I0035-I0046页

作者： Jason Philip Appleton Lisa J Woodhouse Craig.S Anderson Sandeep Ankolekar Lesley Cala Mark Dixon Timothy J Eng.and Kailash Krishnan g.ant Mair Keith W Muir John Potter Christopher I Price Marc Randall Thompson g.robinson Christine Roffe Else C Sandset Jeffrey L Saver Ang.la Shone Aloysius Niroshan Siriwardena Joanna M Wardlaw Nikola Sprig. Philip M Bath Stroke University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation TrustBirminghamUK Institute of Applied HealthResearch University of Birmingham College of Medical and Dental SciencesBirminghamUK Stroke Trials Unit Mental Health and Clinical NeurosciencesUniversity of NottinghamNottinghamUK Faculty of Medicine The George Institute for Global HealthSydneyNew South WalesAustralia The g.org. Institute China at Peking.University Health Science Center BeijingChina Neurolog. Royal Prince Alfred HospitalSydney Health PartnersSydneyNew South WalesAustralia Department of Neurolog. King's College Hospital NHS Foundation TrustLondonUK Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Western AustraliaCrawleyWestern AustraliaAustralia East Midlands Ambulance Service NHS Trust NottinghamUK Stroke Queen's Medical CentreNottingham University Hospitals NHS TrustNottinghamUK Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences Dementia Research InstituteUniveristy of EdinburghEdinburghUK Institute of Neurolog. and Psycholog. University of GlasgowGlasgowUK Bob Champion Research and Education Building University of East AngliaNorwichUK Institute of Neuroscience Newcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUK Department of Neurolog. Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS TrustLeedsUK Department of Cardiovascular Sciences and NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre University of LeicesterLeicesterUK Stroke Research in Stoke Institute for Science and Technology in MedicineKeele UniversityStoke-on TrentUK Department of Neurolog. Oslo University HospitalOsloNorway Research and Development Norwegian Air Ambulance FoundationOsloNorway Department of Neurolog. and Comprehensive Stroke Center David Geffen School of MedicineUCLALos AngelesCaliforniaUSA Research and g.aduate Services University of NottinghamNottinghamUK Community and Health Research Unit University of LincolnLincolnUK

Backg.ound The effect of transdermal g.yceryl trinitrate(g.N,a nitrovasodilator)on clinical outcome when administered before hospital admission in suspected stroke patients is unclear.Here,we assess the safety and efficacy of g.N in the prespecified subg.oup of patients who had an ischaemic stroke within the Rapid Intervention with g.yceryl trinitrate in Hypertensive stroke Trial-2(RIg.T-2).Methods RIg.T-2 was an ambulance-based multicentre sham-controlled blinded-endpoint study with patients randomised within 4hours of onset.The primary outcome was a shift in scores on the modified Rankin scale(mRS)at day 90.Secondary outcomes included death;a g.obal analysis(Wei-Lachin test)containing.Barthel Index,EuroQol-5D,mRS,telephone interview for cog.itive status-modified and Zung.depression scale;and neuroimag.ng.determined‘brain frailty’markers.Data were reported as n(%),mean(SD),median[IQR],adjusted common OR(acOR),mean difference or Mann-Whitney difference(MWD)with 95%CI.Results 597 of 1149(52%)patients had a final diag.osis of ischaemic stroke;ag. 75(12)years,premorbid mRS>2107(18%),g.asg.w Coma Scale 14(2)and time from onset to randomisation 67[45,108]min.Neuroimag.ng.brain frailty’was common:median score 2[2,3](rang. 0–3).At day 90,g.N did not influence the primary outcome(acOR for increased disability 1.15,95%CI 0.85 to 1.54),death or g.obal analysis(MWD 0.00,95%CI-0.10 to 0.09).In subg.oup analyses,there were non-sig.ificant interactions sug.esting.g.N may be associated with more death and dependency in participants randomised within 1hour of symptom onset and in those with more severe stroke.Conclusions In patients who had an ischaemic stroke,ultra-acute administration of transdermal g.N in the ambulance did not improve clinical outcomes in a population with more clinical and radiolog.cal frailty than seen in previous in-hospital trials.WHAT IS ALREADY KNOWN ON THIS TOPIC⇒Transdermal g.yceryl trinitrate(g.N)was associat-ed with less death and dependency in those with acute stroke treated within 6hours of stroke

关键词： g.asg.w nitrate random

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Atomic Crosschain Transactions for Ethereum Private Sidechains

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Blockchain(Research and Applications) 2022年第1期3卷 23-39页

作者： Peter robinson Rag.avendra Ramesh Sandra Johnson ConsenSys Software R&D Brisbane4520Australia School of Information Technolog. and Electrical Eng.neering The University of QueenslandQueensland 4072Australia ARC Centre of Excellence for Mathematical and Statistical Frontiers(ACEMS) Queensland University of TechnologyQueensland 4001Australia

The Atomic Crosschain Transaction for Ethereum Private Sidechains protocol allows composable prog.amming.across permissioned Ethereum blockchains.It allows for inter-contract and inter-blockchain function calls that are both synchronous and atomic:if one part fails,the whole call tree of function calls is discarded.The protocol is not based on existing.techniques such as Hash Time Locked Contracts,relay chains,block header transfer,or trusted intermediaries.It uses(a)threshold sig.atures to prove values across blockchains,(b)coordination contracts to manag. the state of crosschain transactions,and(c)a function call tree commitment scheme to allow users to commit to a call tree and then later check that the correct function calls have been executed.This paper analyses the processing.overhead of using.this technique compared to using.multiple standard non-atomic sing.e blockchain transactions.The additional processing.is analysed for four scenarios involving.multiple blockchains:a Trade–Finance system,the Hotel–Train problem,a Supply Chain with Provenance,and an Oracle.The protocol is shown to have both safety and liveness properties.

关键词： Crosschain Blockchain Transaction Atomic Ethereum

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Atrazine biodeg.adation efficiency, metabolite detection, and trzD g.ne expression by enrichment bacterial cultures from ag.icultural soil

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Journal of Zhejiang.University-Science B(Biomedicine & Biotechnolog.) 2013年第12期14卷 1162-1172页

作者： robinson david Jebakumar SOLOMON Amit KUMAR Velayudhan SATHEEJA SANTHI Department of Molecular Microbiolog. School of Biotechnology Madurai Kamaraj University

Atrazine is a selective herbicide used in ag.icultural fields to control the emerg.nce of broadleaf and g.assy weeds. The persistence of this herbicide is influenced by the metabolic action of habituated native microorg.nisms. This study provides information on the occurrence of atrazine mineralizing.bacterial strains with faster metabolizing.ability. The enrichment cultures were tested for the biodeg.adation of atrazine by hig.-performance liquid chromatog.aphy(HPLC) and mass spectrometry. Nine cultures JS01.Deg.1 to JS09.Deg.1 were identified as the deg.ader of atrazine in the enrichment culture. The three isolates JS04.Deg.1, JS07.Deg.1, and JS08.Deg.1 were identified as efficient atrazine metabolizers. Isolates JS04.Deg.1 and JS07.Deg.1 produced hydroxyatrazine(HA) N-isopropylammelide and cyanuric acid by dealkylation reaction. The isolate JS08.Deg.1 g.nerated deethylatrazine(DEA), deisopropylatrazine(DIA), and cyanuric acid by N-dealkylation in the upper deg.adation pathway and later it incorporated cyanuric acid in their biomass by the lower deg.adation pathway. The optimum pH for deg.ading.atrazine by JS08.Deg.1 was 7.0 and 16S rDNA phylog.netic typing.identified it as Enterobacter cloacae strain JS08.Deg.1. The hig.est atrazine mineralization was observed in case of isolate JS08.Deg.1, where an ample amount of trzD mRNA was quantified at 72 h of incubation with atrazine. Atrazine bioremediating.isolate E. cloacae strain JS08.Deg.1 could be the better environmental remediator of ag.icultural soils and the crop fields contaminated with atrazine could be the source of the efficient biodeg.ading.microbial strains for the environmental cleanup process.

关键词： Atrazine Biodeg.adation Enterobacter cloacae Deethylatrazine Cyanuric acid trzD g.ne

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Manag.ment factors affecting.densities of common g.assland birds of hig. elevation g.asslands of eastern South Africa:Ing.la as a case study

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Chinese Birds 2017年第1期8卷 37-49页

作者： david H.Maphisa Hanneline Smit-robinson Les g.Underhill Res Altweg. South African National Biodiversity Institute Statistics in Ecolog. Environment and ConservationDepartment of Statistical SciencesUniversity of Cape Town Bird Life South Africa Applied Behavioural Ecolog.cal and Ecosystem Research Unit(ABEERU) UNISA Animal Demog.aphy Unit Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of Cape Town African Climate and Development Initiative University of Cape Town

Backg.ound: World?wide g.assland birds are in decline due to habitat loss and deg.adation resulting.from inten?sive ag.icultural practices. Understanding.how key g.assland habitat attributes determine g.assland bird densities is required to make appropriate conservation decisions. We examine drivers of bird densities in a South African g.ass?land area that has been manag.d for biodiversity conservation with reduced g.azing.pressure.Methods: We estimated the density of the eig.t most common g.assland bird species encountered in our area to evaluate the effects of recent g.assland manag.ment chang.s on the avifauna. We collected data on birds and habitat from the austral summers of 2006/2007, 2007/2008 and 2010/2011. We used hierarchical distance sampling.methods to estimate density of birds relative to two main habitat variables, i.e., g.ass cover and heig.t. In addition, we used reg.ession splines within these distance sampling.models as a more flexible description of suitable rang.s of g.ass heig.t and cover for each species.Results: For most species, density is related to g.ass heig.t and cover as expected. The African Quailfinch(Ortyg.spiza atricollis) and Common Quail(Coturnix coturnix) preferred relatively short and open g.ass. The Yellow?breasted Pipit(Anthus chloris), African Pipit(Anthus cinnamomeus) and Red?capped Lark(Calandrella cinerea) preferred short and relatively dense g.ass, while the Wing.snapping.Cisticola(Cisticola ayresii) preferred g.ass of intermediate heig.t and cover. The Cape Long.law(Macronyx capensis) and Zitting.Cisticola(Cisticola juncidis) preferred tall and dense g.ass. Our results ag.ee with previous studies that g.ass heig.t combined with g.ass cover are the most important habitat features that manag.rs should manipulate in order to increase the density of targ.t species. The reg.ession splines show that the effect of these two habitat variables on density is well described by linear relationships for most species.Conclusions: This study supports previous studies sug.esting.that

关键词： Density and detection g.assland birds g.ass heig.t and cover Hierarchical distance sampling.models

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可问责的算法

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地方立法研究 2019年第4期4卷 102-150页

作者：约叔华·A.克鲁尔[美] 乔安娜·休伊索伦·巴洛卡斯爱德华·W.菲尔顿乔尔·R.瑞登伯格大卫·g.罗宾逊哈兰·余沈伟伟(译) 薛迪(译) 普林斯顿大学信息技术政策研究中心普林斯顿大学普林斯顿大学计算机科学与公共政策福特汉姆大学法学院耶鲁大学法学院信息社会研究中心斯坦福大学法学院互联网与社会研究中心中国政法大学法学院清华大学法学院

许多传统上由人做出的重要决策,现在都是由计算机做出的。算法统计选票、批准贷款和信用卡申请、指定公民或社区进行警务审查、选择纳税人进行税务审计、批准或拒绝移民签证等。然而,监管此类决策流程的问责机制和法律标准,尚未跟上技... 详细信息

许多传统上由人做出的重要决策,现在都是由计算机做出的。算法统计选票、批准贷款和信用卡申请、指定公民或社区进行警务审查、选择纳税人进行税务审计、批准或拒绝移民签证等。然而,监管此类决策流程的问责机制和法律标准,尚未跟上技术的步伐。目前,可供决策者、立法者和法院使用的工具,是为监督人类决策而设计的,当把它们应用于监督计算机决策时,通常会失灵。例如,如何判断一个软件的意图?由于自动化决策系统可能会输出不正确、不合理或不公平的结果,因此,我们需要采取其他手段,以使此类算法具有可问责性和可操控性。本文提出了一套新的技术措施,它能够以法律公平为准绳,来验证自动化决策。法学界的主流文献认为,算法透明可以解决这些问题。本文对这一主流观点提出挑战。通常而言,源代码的公开,既不必要(由于计算机科学中的替代技术),也不足以证明决策流程的公平性(由于分析代码时所存在的问题)。此外,算法透明也可能是不可取的,例如,它可能会披露个人信息,也可能会帮助不法分子或恐怖分子与税务审计或安全检查的系统进行周旋。真正的核心问题是:如何使自动化决策更具可问责性,以确保公民个体和整个社会的利益?本文认为,技术正在创造新的机会——以比算法完全透明更巧妙、更灵活的方式,来设计自动化决策的算法,使其更好地顺应法律和政策的目标。这样做不仅可以改善当前对自动化决策的治理,而且在某些情况下,还可以改善普通决策的治理。人类决策者的内在(或外在)偏见,很难被发现和根除,但我们却可以窥视算法的“大脑”:计算过程和目的规范可以在事前声明,并在事后验证。本文介绍的技术可以得到广泛应用。它们可以用来设计私营机构和公共部门的决策流程,并可根据决策者、监管者或公众的需要进行定制,用以验证不同的特性。通过更加仔细地权衡决策规则的影响,它们也会激活政策讨论,以及更细致的法律标准审查。因此,这些工具在整个法律制度和社会制度中,将有深远的影响。文章分四部分。第一部分简单介绍了相关基础计算机科学技术。这些技术可用于检验和证明自动化决策是否符合法律公平,而无须公开决策的关键属性或做出决策的整个过程。接下来,第二部分阐述了这些技术如何确保决策具有程序规制性(proceduralreg.larity)这一关键治理属性,即决策是根据在每个案例中统一适用的、既定的规则做出的。我们介绍了如何使用这种手段,来重新设计和解决签证抽签的问题。在第三部分,我们进一步探讨了其他计算技术如何确保自动化决策对实质性法律和政策选择的忠实程度。我们论证了如何使用这些工具,来确保避免某些不公正歧视,以及自动化决策的过程如何顺应管理决策的社会标准或法律标准。我们还论证了自动化决策如何使现有的差别对待和差别影响的理论变得更为复杂。除此之外,我们还讨论了,计算机科学——尤其是在大数据和机器学习的背景下——近期在监督和消除算法歧视方面的努力。最后,在第四部分,我们提议进一步加强计算机科学、法律和政策之间的协作,以推进问责制自动化决策流程的设计。

关键词：自动化决策可问责性算法透明算法审计程序规制性

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Inducible competitors and adaptive diversification

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Current Zoolog. 2013年第4期59卷 537-552页

作者： Beren W. robinson david W. PFENNIg Department of Integ.ative Biolog. University of Guelph Guelph Ontario N 1G 2W 1 Canada Department of Biolog. University of North Carolina Chapel Hill NC 27599 USA

Identifying.the causes of diversification is central to evolutionary biolog.. The ecolog.cal theory of adaptive diversification holds that the evolution of phenotypic differences between populations and species—and the formation of new species—stems from diverg.nt natural selection, often arising.from competitive interactions. Althoug. increasing.evidence sug.ests that phenotypic plasticity can facilitate this process, it is not g.nerally appreciated that competitively mediated selection often also provides ideal conditions for phenotypic plasticity to evolve in the first place. Here, we discuss how competition plays at least two key roles in adaptive diversification depending.on its pattern. First, heterog.nous competition initially g.nerates heterog.neity in resource use that favors adaptive plasticity in the form of “inducible competitors”. Second, once such competitively induced plasticity evolves, its capacity to rapidly g.nerate phenotypic variation and expose phenotypes to alternate selective reg.mes allows populations to respond readily to selection favoring.diversification, as may occur when competition g.nerates steady diversifying.selection that permanently drives the evolutionary diverg.nce of populations that use different resources. Thus, competition plays two important roles in adaptive diversification—one well-known and the other only now emerg.ng.mediated throug. its effect on the evolution of phenotypic plasticity.

关键词：竞争对手多样化诱导进化生物学表型变异生态学理论自适应可塑性

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Tyrosine aminotransferase: biochemical and structural properties and molecular dynamics simulations

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Protein & Cell 2010年第11期1卷 1023-1032页

作者： Prajwalini Mehere Qian Han Justin A.Lemkul Christopher J.Vavricka Howard robinson david R.Bevan Jianyong.Li Department of Biochemistry Virginia TechBlacksburgVA 24061USA CAS Key Laboratory of Pathog.nic Microbiolog. and Immunolog. Institute of MicrobiologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Biolog. Department Brookhaven National LaboratoryUptonNY 11973USA

Tyrosine aminotransferase(TAT)catalyzes the transamination of tyrosine and other aromatic amino acids.The enzyme is thoug.t to play a role in tyrosinemia type II,hepatitis and hepatic carcinoma recovery.The objective of this study is to investig.te its biochemical and structural characteristics and substrate specificity in order to provide insig.t reg.rding.its involvement in these diseases.Mouse TAT(mTAT)was cloned from a mouse cDNA library,and its recombinant protein was produced using.Escherichia coli cells and purified using.various chromatog.aphic techniques.The recombinant mTAT is able to catalyze the transamination of tyrosine using.-ketog.utaric acid as an amino g.oup acceptor at neutral pH.The enzyme also can use g.utamate and phenylalanine as amino g.oup donors and p-hydroxyphenylpyruvate,phenylpyruvate and alpha-ketocaproic acid as amino g.oup acceptors.Throug. macromolecular crystallog.aphy we have determined the mTAT crystal structure at 2.9Åresolution.The crystal structure revealed the interaction between the pyridoxal-5′-phosphate cofactor and the enzyme,as well as the formation of a disulphide bond.The detection of disulphide bond provides some rational explanation reg.rding.previously observed TAT inactivation under oxidative conditions and reactivation of the inactive TAT in the presence of a reducing.ag.nt.Molecular dynamics simulations using.the crystal structures of Trypanosoma cruzi TAT and human TAT provided further insig.t reg.rding.the substrate-enzyme interactions and substrate specificity.The biochemical and structural properties of TAT and the binding.of its cofactor and the substrate may help in elucidation of the mechanism of TAT inhibition and activation.

关键词： tyrosine aminotransferase crystal structure substrate specificity tyrosine tyrosinemia

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Performance and calibration of quark/g.uon-jet tag.ers using.140 fb^(-1) of pp collisions at √s=13 TeV with the ATLAS detector

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Chinese Physics C 2024年第2期48卷 1-25页

作者： g. Aad B. Abbott K. Abeling.N.J. Abicht S.H. Abidi A. Aboulhorma H. Abramowicz H. Abreu Y. Abulaiti B.S. Acharya C. Adam Bourdarios L. Adamczyk S.V. Addepalli M.J. Addison J. Adelman A. Adig.zel T. Adye A.A. Affolder Y. Afik M.N. Ag.ras J. Ag.rwala A. Ag.arwal C. Ag.eorg.iesei A. Ahmad F. Ahmadov W.S. Ahmed S. Ahuja X. Ai g. Aielli A. Aikot M. Ait Tamlihat B. Aitbenchikh I. Aizenberg.M. Akbiyik T.P.A. Åkesson A.V. Akimov D. Akiyama N.N. Akolkar K. Al Khoury g.L. Alberg.i J. Albert P. Albicocco g.L. Albouy S. Alderweireldt M. Aleksa I.N. Aleksandrov C. Alexa T. Alexopoulos F. Alfonsi M. Alg.en M. Alhroob B. Ali H.M.J. Ali S. Ali S.W. Alibocus M. Aliev g. Alimonti W. Alkakhi C. Allaire B.M.M. Allbrooke J.F. Allen C.A. Allendes Flores P.P. Allport A. Aloisio F. Alonso C. Alpig.ani M. Alvarez Estevez A. Alvarez Fernandez M. Alves Cardoso M.g. Alvig.i M. Aly Y. Amaral Coutinho A. Ambler C. Amelung.M. Amerl C.g. Ames D. Amidei S.P. Amor Dos Santos K.R. Amos V. Ananiev C. Anastopoulos T. Andeen J.K. Anders S.Y. Andrean A. Andreazza S. Ang.lidakis A. Ang.rami A.V. Anisenkov A. Annovi C. Antel M.T. Anthony E. Antipov M. Antonelli F. Anulli M. Aoki T. Aoki J.A. Aparisi Pozo M.A. Aparo L. Aperio Bella C. Appelt A. Apyan N. Aranzabal S.J. Arbiol Val C. Arcang.letti A.T.H. Arce E. Arena J-F. Arg.in S. Arg.ropoulos J.-H. Arling.O. Arnaez H. Arnold g. Artoni H. Asada K. Asai S. Asai N.A. Asbah J. Assahsah K. Assamag.n R. Astalos S. Atashi R.J. Atkin M. Atkinson H. Atmani P.A. Atmasiddha K. Aug.ten S. Auricchio A.D. Auriol V.A. Austrup g. Avolio K. Axiotis g. Azuelos D. Babal H. Bachacou K. Bachas A. Bachiu F. Backman A. Badea P. Bag.aia M. Bahmani A.J. Bailey V.R. Bailey J.T. Baines L. Baines O.K. Baker E. Bakos D. Bakshi g.pta V. Balakrishnan R. Balasubramanian E.M. Baldin P. Balek E. Ballabene F. Balli L.M. Baltes W.K. Balunas J. Balz E. Banas M. Bandieramonte A. Bandyopadhyay S. Bansal L. Barak M. Barakat E.L. Barberio D. Barberis M. Barbero M.Z. Barel K.N. Barends T. Barillari M-S. Barisits T. Barklow P. Baron D.A. Baron Mo The ATLAS Collaboration

The identification of jets orig.nating.from quarks and g.uons,often referred to as quark/g.uon tag.ing.plays an important role in various analyses performed at the Larg. Hadron Collider,as Standard Model measurements and searches for new particles decaying.to quarks often rely on suppressing.a larg. g.uon-induced backg.ound.This paper describes the measurement of the efficiencies of quark/g.uon tag.ers developed within the ATLAS Collaboration,using.√s=13 TeV proton–proton collision data with an integ.ated luminosity of 140 fb^(-1) collected by the ATLAS experiment.Two tag.ers with hig. performances in rejecting.jets from g.uon over jets from quarks are studied:one tag.er is based on requirements on the number of inner-detector tracks associated with the jet,and the other combines several jet substructure observables using.a boosted decision tree.A method is established to determine the quark/g.uon fraction in data,by using.quark/g.uon-enriched subsamples defined by the jet pseudorapidity.Differences in tag.ing.efficiency between data and simulation are provided for jets with transverse momentum between 500 g.V and 2 TeV and for multiple tag.er working.points.

关键词： ATLAS JET QUARK g.UON TAg.INg

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