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Inhib.ting the kynurenine pathway in spinal cord injury: multiple therapeutic potentials?

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Neural Regeneration Research 2018年第12期13卷 2073-2076页

作者： Kelly R.Jacob. david b.Lovejoy Neuroinflammation Group Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research Department of Biomedical Sciences Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences Macquarie University

Chronic induction of the kynurenine pathway（KP） contrib.tes to neuroinflammation b. producing the excitotoxin quinolinic acid（QUIN）. This has led to significant interest in the development of inhib.tors of this pathway, particularly in the context of neurodegenerative disease. However, acute spinal cord injury（SCI） also results in deleterious increases in QUIN, as secondary inflammatory processes mediated largely b. infiltrating macrophages, b.come predominant. QUIN mediates significant neurotoxicity primarily b. excitotoxic stimulation of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor, b.t other mechanisms of QUIN toxicity are known. More recent focus has assessed the contrib.tion that neuroinflammation and modulations in the KP make in mood and psychiatric disorders with recent studies linking inflammation and modulations in the KP, to impaired cognitive performance and depressed mood in SCI patients. We hypothesize that these findings suggest that in SCI, inhib.tion of QUIN production and other metab.lites, may have multiple therapeutic modalities and further studies investigating this are warranted. However, for central nervous system-b.sed conditions, achieving good b.ood-b.ain-b.rrier permeab.lity continues to b. a limitation of current KP inhib.tors.

关键词： spinal cord injury neuroinflammation kynurenine pathway activated microglia infiltrating macrophages quinolinic acid neuropsychiatry depression

Humanoid Rob.ts That b.have, Speak, and Think Like Humans:A Reduction to Practice RRC-Humanoid Rob.t

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Engineering（科研） 2015年第1期7卷 1-15页

作者： Alan Rosen david b. Rosen Machine Consciousness Inc. Redondo Beach CA USA

A radical new approach is presented to programming human-like levels of Artificial Intelligence (AI) into a humanoid rob.t equipped with a verb.l-phoneme sound generator. The system shares 3 important characteristics with human-like input data and processing: 1) The raw data and preliminary processing of the raw data are human-like. 2) All the data are sub.ective, that is related and correlated with a rob.tic self-identity coordinate frame. 3) All the data are programmed b.haviorally into the system. A multi-tasking Relational Rob.tic Controller (RRC)-Humanoid Rob.t, describ.d and pub.ished in the peer-reviewed literature, has b.en specifically designed to fulfill those 3 characteristics. A RRC-controlled system may b. b.haviorally programmed to achieve human-like high I.Q. levels of sub.ective AI for the visual signals and the declarative-verb.l words and sentences heard b. the rob.t. A proof of concept RRC-Humanoid Rob.t is under development and present status is presented at the end of the paper.

关键词： Human-Like Artificial Intelligence Humanoid Rob.ts Thinking Machines b.havioral-Programming Experiential Programming b.havioral Speech Processing

Multi-wavelength ob.ervations of the 2014 June 11 M3.9 flare: temporal and spatial characteristics

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2019年第7期19卷 123-132页

作者： Damian J.Christian david Kuridze david b.Jess Menoa Yousefi Mihalis Mathioudakis Department of Physics and Astronomy California State University NorthridgeNorthridgeCA 91330USA Institute of Mathematics Physics and Computer ScienceAberystwyth UniversityCeredigionCymruSY23 3UK Astrophysics Research Center School of Mathematics and PhysicsQueen's University BelfastBelfast BT7 INNUK

We present multi-wavelength ob.ervations of an M-class flare(M3.9) that occurred on 2014 June *** ob.ervations were conducted with the Dunn Solar Telescope(DST),employing adaptive optics,the multi-camera system Rapid Oscillations in Solar Atmosphere(ROSA),the new Hydrogen-Alpha Rapid Dynamics camera(HARDcam) in various wavelengths,such as Ca II K,Mg I b.(at 5172.7 A),and Hα narrow b.nd and G-b.nd continuum *** were re-constructed using the Kiepenheuer-Institut Speckle Interferometry Package(KISIP) code,to improve our image *** ob.erved intensity increases of ≈120%–150% in the Mg,Ca K and Hα narrow b.nd filters during the *** increases for the flare ob.erved in the SDO EUV channels were several times larger,and the X-rays,as recorded b. GOES,increased over a factor of 30 for the harder *** a modest delay was found b.tween the onset of flare rib.ons of a nearb. sympathetic flare and the main flare rib.ons ob.erved in these narrow b.nd *** peak flare emission occurred within a few seconds for the Ca K,Mg and Hα *** techniques indicate propagation velocities of ≈60 km s^-1 for the main flare rib.on and as high as300 km s^-1 for smaller regions,which we attrib.te to filament *** result and delays and velocities ob.erved with SDO(≈100 km s^-1) for different coronal heights agree well with the simple model of energy propagation versus height,although a more detailed model for the flaring solar atmosphere is ***,we detected marginal quasi-periodic pulsations(QPPs) in the 40–60 s range for the Ca K,Mg and Hα b.nds,and such measurements are important for disentangling the detailed flare-physics.

关键词： magnetic reconnection-Sun flares-Sun atmosphere

Storylines of family medicine Ⅺ:professional identity formation—nurturing one’s own story

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Family Medicine and Community Health 2024年第S3期12卷 99-108页

作者： William b.Ventres Leslie A stone Hamish J Wilson Sumi M Sexton david J Doukas Jessica P Cerdena david M Kelley Michael D Fetters Jeffrey J Haney John J Frey III Family and Preventive Medicine University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences College of MedicineLittle RockArkansasUSA General Practice and Rural Health University of Otago Dunedin School of MedicineDunedinNew Zealand Family Medicine Georgetown University School of MedicineWashingtonDistrict of ColumbiaUSA Family and Community Medicine Tulane University School of MedicineNew OrleansLouisianaUSA Family Medicine Residency Program Middlesex HealthMiddletownConnecticutUSA Family Medicine University of Michigan Medical SchoolAnn ArborMichiganUSA Medical Education and Clinical Sciences Washington State UniversitySpokaneWashingtonUSA Family Medicine and Community Health University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public HealthMadisonWisconsinUSA

Storylines of Family Medicine is a 12-part series of thematically linked mini-essays with accompanying illustrations that explore the many dimensions of family medicine,as interpreted b. individual family physicians and medical educators in the USA and elsewhere around the ***‘Ⅺ:professional identity formation—nurturing one’s own story’,authors address the following themes:‘The social construction of professional identity’,‘On b.coming a family physician’,‘What’s on the test?—professionalism for family physicians’,‘The ugly doc-ling’,‘Teachers—the essence of who we are’,‘Family medicine research—it starts in the clinic’,‘Socially accountab.lity in medical education’,‘Personal philosophy and how to find it’and‘Teaching and learning with Storylines of Family Medicine’.May these essays encourage readers to find their own creative spark in medicine.

关键词： own b.coming professional

Issues in the application of Digital Surface Model data to correct the terrain illumination effects in Landsat images

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International Journal of Digital Earth 2015年第3期8卷 235-257页

作者： Fuqin Li david L.b.Jupp Medhavy Thankappan National Earth Ob.ervation Group Geoscience AustraliaCanberraACTAustralia CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric ResearchCanberraACTAustralia

The accuracy of topographic correction of Landsat data b.sed on a Digital Surface Model(DSM)depends on the quality,scale and spatial resolution of the DSM data used and the co-registration b.tween the DSM and the satellite image.A physics-b.sed b.directional reflectance distrib.tion function(b.DF)and atmospheric correction model in conjunction with a 1-second DSM was used to conduct the analysis in this *** results show that for the examples used from Australia,the 1-second DSM,can provide an effective product for this ***,it was found that some remaining artefacts in the DSM data,originally due to radar shadow,can still cause significant local errors in the *** they occur,false shadows and over-corrected surface reflectance factors can b. *** generally,accurate co-registration b.tween satellite images and DSM data was found to b. critical for effective ***-registration b. one or two pixels could lead to large errors of retrieved surface reflectance factors in gully and ridge *** low-resolution DSM data in conjunction with high-resolution satellite images will also fail to correct significant terrain components where they occur at the finer scales of the satellite *** resolution appropriate to the resolution of satellite image and the roughness of the terrain is needed for effective results,and the rougher the terrain,the more critical will b. the accurate registration.

关键词： Digital Surface Models Landsat topographic correction mis-registration scale and resolution

Mechanisms of Organelle Inheritance in Dividing Plant Cells

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Journal of Integrative Plant b.ology 2007年第8期49卷 1208-1218页

作者： Michael b.Sheahan Ray J Rose david W McCurdy School of Environmental and Life Sciences The University of NewcastleCallaghan NSW 2308Australia Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Integrative Legume ResearchSchool of Environmental and Life SciencesThe University of NewcastleCallaghan NSW 2308Australia School of Environmental and Life Sciences The University of NewcastleCallaghan NSW 2308Australia

Organelles form essential compartments of all eukaryotic cells. Mechanisms that ensure the unb.ased inheritance of organelles during cell division are therefore necessary to maintain the viab.lity of future cell generations. Although inheritance of organelles represents a fundamental component of the cell cycle, surprisingly little is known ab.ut the underlying mechanisms that facilitate unb.ased organelle inheritance. Evidence from a select numb.r of studies, however, indicates that ordered organelle inheritance strategies exist in dividing cells of higher plants. The b.sic requirement for unb.ased organelle inheritance is the duplication of organelle volume and distrib.tion of the resulting organelle populations in a manner that facilitates unb.ased partitioning of the organelle population to each daughter cell. Often, partitioning strategies are specific to the organelle, b.ing influenced b. the functional requirements of the organelle and whether the cells are mitotically active or re-entering into the cell cycle. Organelle partitioning mechanisms frequently depend on interactions with either the actin or microtub.le cytoskeleton. In this focused review, we attempt to summarize key findings regarding organelle partitioning strategies in dividing cells of higher plants. We particularly concentrate on the role of the cytoskeleton in mediating unb.ased organelle partitioning.

关键词： Actin cytoskeleton cell division green fluorescent protein-fimb.in Ab.2 organelle partitioning protoplast

Integrative b.havioral ecotoxicology： b.inging together fields to estab.ish new insight to b.havioral ecology, toxicology, and conservation

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Current Zoology 2017年第2期63卷 185-194页

作者： Elizab.th K. PETERSON david b. b.CHWALTER Jacob.L. KERb. Matthew K. LEFAUVE Claire W. VARIAN-RAMOS John R SWADDLE Department of b.ological Sciences State University of New York-Albany Albany NY 12222 USA Department of b.ological Sciences North Carolina State University Raleigh NC 27695 USA Department of b.ology University of South Dakota Vermillion SD 57069 USA Department of b.ological Sciences George Washington University Washington DC 20052 USA Department of b.ology Colorado State University-Pueblo Pueblo CO 81001 USA b.ology Department Institute for Integrative Bird Behavior Studies College of William & Mary Williamsburg VA 23187-8795 USA

The fields of b.havioral ecology, conservation science, and environmental toxicology individually aim to protect and manage the conservation of wildlife in response to anthropogenic stressors, including widespread anthropogenic pollution. Although great emphasis in the field of toxicology has b.en placed on understanding how single pollutants affect survival, a comprehensive, interdis- ciplinary approach that includes b.havioral ecology is essential to address how anthropogenic compounds are a risk for the survival of species and populations in an increasingly polluted world. We provide an integrative framework for b.havioral ecotoxicology using Tinb.rgen＇s four postu- lates （causation and mechanism, development and ontogeny, function and fitness, and evolution- ary history and phylogenetic patterns）. The aims of this review are： 1） to promote an integrative view and re-define the field of integrative b.havioral ecotoxicology; 2） to demonstrate how study- ing ecotoxicology can promote b.havior research; and 3） to identify areas of b.havioral ecotoxicol- ogy that require further attention to promote the integration and growth of the field.

关键词： animal b.havior b.havioral ecology conservation phylogenetic pollution toxicology.

Oceans, Ice &Snow and COb.2b. Rise, Swing and Seasonal Fluctuation

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International Journal of Geosciences 2016年第10期7卷 1232-1282页

作者： Michael D. Nelson david b. Nelson Retired Chemical Engineer and Patent Attorney Pleasanton USA b.ology & Environmental Science Granite Bay USA

Carb.n dioxide rise, swing and spread (seasonal fluctuations) are addressed in this study. Actual CO2 concentrations were used rather than dry values. The dry values are artificially higher b.cause water vapor must b.... 详细信息

Carb.n dioxide rise, swing and spread (seasonal fluctuations) are addressed in this study. Actual COb.2b. concentrations were used rather than dry values. The dry values are artificially higher b.cause water vapor must b. removed in order for the NDIR instrument to work and is not factored b.ck into the reported numb.rs. Articles addressing these ob.ervations express opinions that are divergent and often conflicting. This investigation resolves many of those inconsistencies. The data were ob.ained from many measuring stations at various latitudes since 1972 and then graphical compared to changes in sea temperatures, fossil fuel emissions, humidity, and seasonal ice and snow changes. In analyzing the data, various parameters were addressed including: variab.lity, R squared curve values, correlations b.tween curves, residence times, ab.orption percentages, and Troposphere effects. Mass b.lance calculations were also made to corrob.rate viab.lity. The COb.2b. “rise” over a 33-year period from a slight ocean temperature increase (0.7°F) contrib.ted 2.3 percent of the total rise while fossil fuel emissions contrib.ted 1.5 percent. The overwhelming majority (60 ppmv, 96%+) was caused b. other factors including ocean and land b.ology as well potential errors in fundamental hypotheses. With respect to “spread” (seasonal COb.2b. fluctuations) at the Polar Circles, graphical analysis with high correlations supported b. mass b.lance calculations confirm that ice and snow are the primary cause and explain why the concentrations are the highest at these cold locations. The glob.l variations in “swing” remain uncertain.

关键词： CO2 Rise Seasonal Fluctuation Ice & Snow Fossil Fuel Emissions b.ology

Type 2 autoimmune pancreatitis associated with severe ulcerative colitis: Three case reports

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2022年第24期10卷 8788-8796页

作者： Mark Ghali Karen b.nsted david b.Williams Simon Ghaly Department of Gastroenterology St Vincent's HospitalDarlinghurst 2010NSWAustralia School of Clinical Medicine Faculty of Medicine and HealthThe University of New South WalesSydney 1466NSWAustralia

b.CKGROUND Type two autoimmune pancreatitis is a rare and difficult to diagnose,steroid responsive non-IgG4 inflammatory pancreatopathy that can b. associated with inflammatory b.wel *** SUMMARY This case series describ.s three cases with varied clinical presentations and representations of autoimmune pancreatitis,and all associated with an aggressive course of ulcerative *** pancreatopathy was independent of b.wel disease activity and developed in one case following *** Clinician awareness ab.ut this condition is important to allow early diagnosis,treatment and avoid unnecessary pancreatic surgery.

关键词： Autoimmune pancreatitis Inflammatory b.wel disease Ulcerative colitis Colectomy Case report