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Ma.roeconomic impa.ts of oil price vola.ility： mitiga.ion a.d resilience

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Frontiers in Energy 2014年第1期8卷 9-24页

作者： Zoheir EBRa.IM Oliver R, INDERWILDI david a. king Smith School of Enterprise a.d the Environment University of OxfordOxford OX1 3QY United Kingdom

Dependency sectors, most nota.ly on oil-derived fuels in va.ious in mobility, ha. left the globa. economy vulnera.le to severa. ma.roeconomic economic side effects. Numerous studies ha.e a.dressed the effect of price vola.ility on specific economic pa.a.eters. However, the current litera.ure la.ks a.comprehensive review of the intera.tions between globa. ma.roeconomic performa.ce a.d oil price vola.ility （OPV）. Price vola.ility is intrinsic in commodity ma.kets, but ha. been a.va.cing a. a.fa.ter ra.e in the crude oil ma.ket in compa.ison to other commodities over the pa.t deca.e, reflecting the sta.us ofoil a. the most globa.ised commodity. In this pa.er, the a.a.ytica. litera.ure review a.d a.a.ysis of the beha.iora. responses of ma.roeconomic a.ents to OPV shows tha. such vola.ility ha. severa. da.a.ing a.d desta.ilizing ma.ro- economic impa.ts tha. will present a.funda.enta. ba.rier to future susta.na.le economic growth if left unchecked. To ensure ma.roeconomic isola.ion from OPV, a.combina.ion of supply a.d dema.d-side policies ha.e been recom- mended tha. ca. help to mitiga.e a.d build resilience to the economic uncerta.nty a.va.ced by OPV.

关键词： conventiona. oil price vola.ility ma.roecon-omy economic sta.ility energy security

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科学服务于宗教:伊斯兰教的案例

科学对社会的影响 1991年第3期40卷 54-70页

作者： david a. king 席泽宗法兰克福大学科学史研究所

与在人类历史上其他的宗教社会不一样,在伊斯兰世界,宗教仪式各个方面的行为藉助于科学的处置。历法的编制,具有天文定义的祈祷时间的校准、朝向麦加克尔白圣堂的祭祀方向的确定——这些至今与穆斯兰生活有关的伊斯兰传统科学的课题,每... 详细信息

与在人类历史上其他的宗教社会不一样,在伊斯兰世界,宗教仪式各个方面的行为藉助于科学的处置。历法的编制,具有天文定义的祈祷时间的校准、朝向麦加克尔白圣堂的祭祀方向的确定——这些至今与穆斯兰生活有关的伊斯兰传统科学的课题,每个都有可以上溯将近1400年的历史。但是中世纪伊斯兰科学家所提倡的方法和宗教律学者所倡导的方法截然不同,而我们现在关于这些方面的知识主要是根据近二十年来对穆斯林人大量文献遗产的一小部分研究结果。

关键词：天文学史伊斯兰教

The Long Roa. to Understa.ding the Ba.ulovirus P10 Protein

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Virologica.Sinica 2009年第4期24卷 227-242页

作者： david C. J. Ca.pentier Linda.a. king School of Life Sciences Oxford Brookes University Headington Campus Oxford United Kingdom Oxford Expression Technologies Ltd Oxford Brookes University Headington Campus Oxford United Kingdom

The ba.ulovirus P 10 protein ha. a.wa.s represented a.mystery in the field of insect virology. Like the ba.ulovirus polyhedrin protein it is expressed a. high levels very la.e in infection. Homologues of the a.togra.ha.ca.ifornica.nucleopolyhedrovirus p10 gene a.e conserved in a.l a.pha.a.uloviruses a.d in other viruses of lepidoptera. hosts yet is completely dispensa.le for virus replica.ion a.d tra.smission. PIO is a.microtubule intera.ting protein whose expression ha. been a.socia.ed with the forma.ion of a.va.iety of complex a.d extensive cytopla.mic a.d nuclea. structures. PIO ha. been a.socia.ed with a.number of roles during infection ra.ging from the forma.ion of virus occlusion bodies, to a.fecting the ra.e of cellula. a.d/or nuclea. lysis during the fina. sta.es of the virus replica.ion cycle. In this a.ticle we review recent work a.med a. understa.ding the role of this enigma.ic protein, putting them into context with recent a.va.ces in understa.ding of protein structure a.d function. We look ba.k a. a.number of historica. studies a.d observa.ions, rea.a.ysing their conclusions ba.ed on recent da.a.a.d our own observa.ions. The role of the P 10 protein during ba.ulovirus replica.ion rema.ns elusive, however, novel a.enues of investiga.ion ha.e been identified tha. will, we a.e sure, eventua.ly lea. to a. understa.ding of this protein.

关键词： Ba.ulovirus P10 microtubule Polyhedra. occlusion body Fibrous body/fibrilla. structure

Short-term ca.tivity influences ma.ima. cold-induced meta.olic ra.es a.d their repea.a.ility in summer-a.clima.ized a.erica. goldfinches Spinus tristis

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Current Zoology 2013年第4期59卷 439-448页

作者： david L. SWa.SON Ma.isa.O. king Depa.tment of Biology University of South Dakota Vermillion SD 57069 USA

Studies of meta.olic va.ia.ion in birds ha.e involved both wild a.d ca.tive individua.s, but few studies ha.e investi- ga.ed whether ca.tivity directly influences meta.olic ra.es, despite such va.ia.ion potentia.ly confounding conclusions rega.ding how meta.olic ra.es respond to the conditions under study. In a.dition, whether short-term ca.tivity influences meta.olic ra.e re- pea.a.ility in birds is currently uninvestiga.ed. In this study, we mea.ured Msum （ma.ima. cold-induced meta.olic ra.es） in sum- mer a.clima.ized a.erica. goldfinches Spinus tristis directly a.ter ca.ture from wild popula.ions, a.ter a.proxima.ely 2 weeks of indoor ca.tivity （Ca.tive 1）, a.d a.a.n a.ter a. a.ditiona. 1-2 weeks of ca.tivity （Ca.tive 2）. M~ increa.ed significa.tly （16.9%） following the initia. ca.tive period, but rema.ned sta.le therea.ter. Body ma.s （Mb） a.so increa.ed significa.tly （9.2%） during the initia. ca.tive period but rema.ned sta.le therea.ter, suggesting tha. muscle growth a.d/or remodeling of body composition pro- duced the observed meta.olic va.ia.ion. Mb a.d Msum were not significa.tly repea.a.le between wild a.d Ca.tive 1 birds, but were significa.tly repea.a.le between Ca.tive 1 a.d Ca.tive 2 groups. These da.a.suggest tha. ca.tion must be exercised when extra.ola.ing meta.olic ra.es from short-term ca.tive to wild popula.ions. In a.dition, Msum wa. a.repea.a.le tra.t for birds under conditions where mea. meta.olic ra.es rema.ned sta.le, but Msum repea.a.ility disa.pea.ed during a.clima.ion to conditions pro- moting phenotypica.ly flexible meta.olic responses. This suggests tha. the ca.a.ity for phenotypic flexibility va.ies a.ong indi- vidua.s, a.d such va.ia.ion could ha.e fitness consequences

关键词： Meta.olic ra.es Msm Birds Ca.tivity Repea.a.ility Phenotypic flexibility

Iron-promoted zirconia.a.umina.supported Ni ca.a.yst for highly efficient a.d cost-effective hydrogen production via.dry reforming of metha.e

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Journa. of Environmenta. Sciences 2025年第2期148卷 274-282页

作者： a.med S.a.-Fa.esh Na.tik Pa.el Vija. Kuma. Sriva.ta.a.a.med I.Osma. david W.Rooney a.is H.Fa.eeha.a.med E.a.a.a.ed Moha.med F.a.otibi Ra.esh Kuma. Chemica. Engineering Depa.tment College of EngineeringKing Saud UniversityP.O.Box 800Riyadh 11421Saudi Arabia Depa.tment of Chemistry Indus UniversityAhmedabadGujarat 382115India School of Chemistry a.d Chemica. Engineering Queen’s University BelfastBelfast BT95AGNorthern IrelandUK Institute of Refining a.d Petrochemica.s Technologies King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology(KACST)P.O.Box 6086Riyadh 11442Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Developing cost-effective a.d high-performa.ce ca.a.yst systems for dry reforming of metha.e(DRM)is crucia. for producing hydrogen(H_(2))***,we investiga.e using iron(Fe)a. a.promoter a.d ma.or a.umina.support in Ni-ba.ed ca.a.ysts to improve their DRM *** a.dition of iron a. a.promotor wa. found to a.d reducible iron species a.ong with reducible NiO species,enha.ce the ba.icity a.d induce the deposition of oxidiza.le *** incorpora.ing 1 wt.%Fe into a.5Ni/10Zra. ca.a.yst,a.higher CO_(2) intera.tion a.d forma.ion of reducible"NiO-species ha.ing strong intera.tion with support"wa. observed,which led to a.∼80%H_(2) yield in 420 min of Time on Strea.(TOS).Further increa.ing the Fe content to 2 wt.%led to the forma.ion of a.ditiona. reducible iron oxide species a.d a.noticea.le rise in H_(2) yield up to 84%.Despite the severe weight loss on Fe-promoted ca.a.ysts,high H_(2) yield wa. ma.nta.ned due to the proper ba.a.ce between the ra.e of CH_(4) decomposition a.d the ra.e of ca.bon deposit ***,incorpora.ing 3 wt.%Fe into the 5Ni/10Zra. ca.a.yst resulted in the highest CO_(2) intera.tion,wide presence of reducible NiO-species,minimumgra.hitic deposit a.d a. 87%H_(2) *** findings suggest tha. ironpromoted zirconia.a.umina.supported Ni ca.a.ysts ca. be a.chea. a.d excellent ca.a.ytic system for H_(2) production via.DRM.

关键词： Dry reforming of metha.e Coke resista.t Hydrogen production Chea. ca.a.yst Fe-promoted ca.a.yst

Pedia.ric upper extremity firea.m injuries:a. a.a.ysis of demogra.hic fa.tors a.d recurring mecha.isms of injury

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World Journa. of Pedia.rics 2021年第5期17卷 527-535页

作者： D.Spencer Nichols Mitsy a.da.e Ca.oline king david Kerekes Ha.vey Chim Ellen Sa.teson University of Florida.College of Medicine.Ga.nesville FL.USA Depa.tment of Surgery Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery.University of Florida College of Medicine100138GainesvilleFL 32610USA

Ba.kground Little is known rega.ding risk fa.tors specific to pedia.ric upper extremity firea.m *** purpose of this study is to eva.ua.e pedia.ric pa.ients trea.ed for these injuries to identify a.-risk popula.ions a.d recurring mecha.isms of *** a.20-yea. retrospective review wa. *** 17 yea.s of a.e a.d younger,with upper extremity injuries rela.ed to a.firea.m,were *** involved Fisher's exa.t a.d Chi-squa.e *** One hundred a.d eighty pa.ients were *** mea. a.e wa. 12.04±4.3 *** included pa.ients were ma.e(85%).Interestingly,fema.es were more frequently victims of a.sa.lt(P=0.03),a.d ma.es were more frequently injured due to a.cidenta. discha.ge(Pa.fected ra.e/ethnicity wa. White-not Hispa.ic or La.ino(48%).The ha.d wa. the most frequent loca.ion injured(31%)a.d wa. more likely to be a.cidenta. tha. proxima. injuries(P=0.003).a.r rifes were the most common firea.m type used(56%).Pistols were implica.ed in 47(26%)ca.es,rifles in 17(9%),*** in 10(6%).Ninety-nine(55%)pa.ients ha. procedures in the opera.ing *** most frequent procedure wa. foreign body remova.(55%).Conclusions Risk fa.tors such a. ma.e sex,W hite-not Hispa.ic or La.ino ra.e/ethnicity,a.d a.olescent a.e were a.tributed to increa.ed risk for *** sex wa. a.socia.ed with increa.ed risk of injury by a.cidenta. discha.ge a.d fema.e sex with intentiona. *** rifles were the most common firea.m type overa.l,a.though fema.e sex wa. a.socia.ed with increa.ed risk for injury by powder wea.on.

关键词： Firea.m Injury Pedia.ric Tra.ma Upper extremity

Optimized greenery configura.ion to mitiga.e urba. hea.:a.deca.e systema.ic review

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Frontiers of a.chitectura. Resea.ch 2022年第3期11卷 466-491页

作者： Jia.ei Fu Ka.ine Dupre Silvia.Ta.a.es david king Zsuzsa.Ba.ha.mi-Za.a. College of Science a.d Engineering James Cook UniversityTownsville 4811Australia School of Engineering a.d Built Environment Griffith UniversityGold Coast 4215Australia School of La. a.d Society University of the Sunshine CoastSunshine Coast 4556Australia

Urba. vegeta.ion is a.na.ure-ba.ed solution for cooling *** globa. wa.ming a.d urba. popula.ion growth,it is essentia. to optimize urba. vegeta.ion configura.ion in the urba. a.ea.to bring ma.imum cooling *** pa.er reviews 85 optimized urba. vegeta.ion configura.ion studies published from 2010 to 2020 to provide a. insight into the most effective vegeta.ion configura.ion for urba. hea. *** a.d preferences in methods a.d the optimized greenery configura.ions a.e comprehensively *** results indica.e tha. size,qua.tity,a.d la.out of urba. green spa.e a.d the physiologica. cha.a.teristics a.d spa.ia. a.ra.gement of urba. vegeta.ion significa.tly influence their cooling ***,two other resea.ch ga.s were ***,more resea.ch needs to be done in southern hemisphere cities experiencing ra.id urba.iza.ion a.d severe impa.ts of extreme ***,a.comprehensive method for qua.tifying intera.tions a.d cumula.ive effects of na.ura. a.d a.tificia. fa.tors in the urba. environment is *** study needs a.holistic understa.ding of the intera.tive effects of vegeta.ion spa.ia. distribution on urba. environment a.d clima.e for a.more a.cura.e a.a.ysis of optima. cooling greening la.outs in la.ge urba. a.ea. a. multi-sca.es.

关键词： Therma. comfort Greenery configura.ion Urba. hea. mitiga.ion Clima.e cha.ge Pla.ting design Vegeta.ion spa.ia. a.ra.gement

Va.ia.ion in a.unda.ce a.d ha.ita. rela.ionship of three understory insectivorous birds in a.disturbed la.dsca.e of Neotropica. dry forest of Colombia

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a.ia. Resea.ch 2020年第3期11卷 265-276页

作者： Ca.ilo Loa.za.Olga.LMontenegro david king Ma.uel Spínola.Lilibeth a.inda.Pa.a.io a.ustín Ruda. Instituto de Ciencia. Na.ura.es Universidad Nacional de ColombiaBogotáColombia Northern Resea.ch Sta.ion USDA Forest ServiceUniversity of Massachusetts204 Holdsworth HallAmherstMA 01003USA Instituto Interna.iona. en Conserva.ión y Ma.ejo de Vida.Silvestre Universidad NacionalApartado1350-3000 HerediaCosta Rica.

Ba.kground:Eva.ua.ing rela.ionships between a.ia. popula.ions a.d their ha.ita. is importa.t for understa.ding the biology of these species a.d for ma.a.ement decisions tha. improve the effectiveness of restora.ion *** investiga.ed how ha.ita. va.ia.ion a.ong a.disturba.ce gra.ient a.fected the a.unda.ce of three insectivorous bird species,White-bellied a.tbird(Myrmeciza.longipes),Ba.red a.tshrike(Tha.nophilus dolia.us),a.d Pa.e-brea.ted Spineta.l(Syna.la.is a.bescens)in a.Neotropica. dry forest remna.t in centra. ***:The study a.ea.which is loca.ed in Ma.da.ena.Va.ley,is under ecologica. restora.ion a.ter the construction of the“El Quimbo”hydroelectric da.,with a.gra.ient of ha.ita. conditions,from rela.ively a.va.ced seconda.y growth to recently disturbed *** conducted bird surveys a.d qua.tified the ha.ita. conditions from June 2018 to June *** compa.ed the rela.ive a.unda.ce of the birds a.ong the three zones with increa.ing disturba.ce a.d modeled the rela.ionship between the bird a.unda.ce with the micro-a.d la.dsca.e-ha.ita. conditions,with Poisson genera.ized linea. model ***:The rela.ive a.unda.ce of the three bird species va.ied a.cording to the ha.ita. fea.ures a.d disturba.ce *** a.unda.ce of White-bellied a.tbirds wa. higher in forests a.d thickets tha. shrubla.d fra.ments;Ba.red a.tshrike wa. more a.unda.t in shrubla.d a.d thickets tha. in forest fra.ments,a.d Pa.e-brea.ted Spineta.l ha. the highest a.unda.ce in shrubla.d a.d the lowest in forest *** a.unda.ce of both White-bellied a.tbird a.d Pa.e-brea.ted Spineta.l did not differ a.ong zones with different levels of disturba.ce,while the a.unda.ce of Ba.red a.tshrike decrea.ed in zones with more ***:There were significa.t differences in the ha.ita. rela.ionships of the three understory insectivorous species a.ong the disturba.ce gra.ient,a.though these species were within the sa.e trophic *** bird species prefer

关键词： Bird popula.ion ecology Genera.ized linea. models Wildlife ha.ita. restora.ion

The policy-driven pea. a.d reduction of China.s ca.bon emissions

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a.va.ces in Clima.e Cha.ge Resea.ch 2020年第2期11卷 65-71页

作者： QI Ye Nichola. STERN HE Jia.-Kun LU Jia.Qi LIU Tia.-Le david king WU Tong Institute for Public Policy The Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyHong KongChina School of Public Policy a.d Ma.a.ement Tsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China Gra.tha. Resea.ch Institute on Clima.e Cha.ge a.d the Environment London School of Economics and Political ScienceLondonWC2A 2AEUK Institute for Low-Ca.bon Economy Resea.ch Tsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China Nelson Institute for Environmenta. Studies University of Wisconsin MadisonWisconsin53562USA Depa.tment of Politica. Science University of Wisconsin MadisonWisconsin53562USA Division of Public Policy The Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyHong KongChina Depa.tment of Chemistry University of CambridgeCambridgeCB21TNUK Sta.e Key La.ora.ory of Urba. a.d Regiona. Ecology Research Center for Eco-Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China Na.ura. Ca.ita. Project Stanford UniversityCalifornia94305USA

Pursua.t to the Pa.is a.reement,China.committed itself to pea. its ca.bon emissions by a.ound 2030 a.d to increa.e the non-fossil sha.e ofprima.y energy to 20%a. the sa.e *** government ha. supported the interna.iona. a.reement by setting a.d strengthening the domesticpolicy ta.gets for a. ea.lier pea. a.d fa.ter reduction,a.ming to conta.n the a.era.e globa. tempera.ure increa.e to well below 2℃.We developa.Ka.a.Inequa.ity method to a.sess the time of pea. a.d pa.e of reduction of China.s energy-rela.ed CO2emissions ba.ed on the na.iona. energypolicy ta.gets for *** find tha.,despite the minor fluctua.ions,the current pla.ea. essentia.ly represents the pea. emissions a.d should entera.pha.e of stea.y decline by a.ound 2025,given current trends in energy consumption a.d *** developments would beconsistent with the strengthened na.iona. policy ta.get to a.hieve 50%of renewa.le power genera.ion by ***,the ba.ic policy ta.getsea.20%sha.e of non-fossil energy a.d 6 Gtce in tota. energy consumption by 2030ewould be insufficient to pea. ca.bon emissions by a.ound *** synergy a.d interpla. between domestic policy ta.get setting a.d interna.iona. clima.e commitments shed light on the need to eleva.ena.iona. clima.e a.bitions under the Pa.is a.reement a.d beyond.

关键词： China.s ca.bon pea. Pa.is a.reement Reduced Ka.a.a.proa.h Clima.e cha.ge