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Long-term changes in the plant ecology of an African savanna landscape and the implications for ecosystem theory and conservation management

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Ecological Processes 2021年第1期10卷 213-224页

作者： david western Victor N.Mose david Maitumo Caroline Mburu African Conservation Centre P.O.Box 15289-00509NairobiKeny

Background:Studies of the African savannas have used national parks to test ecological theories of natural ecosystems,including equilibrium,non-equilibrium,complex adaptive systems,and the role of top-down and bottom-up physical and biotic *** such studies have excluded the impact of pastoralists in shaping grassland ecosystems and,over the last half century,the growing human impact on the world’s *** mounting human impact calls for selecting indicators and integrated monitoring methods able to track ecosystem changes and the role of natural and human *** study draws on five decades of monitoring the Amboseli landscape in southern Kenya to document the declining role of natural agencies in shaping plant ecology with rising human ***:We show that plant diversity and productivity have declined,biomass turnover has increased in response to a downsizing of mean plant size,and that ecological resilience has declined with the rising probability of extreme shortfalls in pasture *** signature of rainfall and physical agencies in driving ecosystem properties has decreased sharply with growing human *** compare the Amboseli findings to the long-term studies of Kruger and Serengeti national parks to show that the human influence,whether by design or default,is increasingly shaping the ecology of savanna *** look at the findings in the larger perspective of human impact on African grasslands and the world rangelands,in general,and discuss the implications for ecosystem theory and conservation policy and ***:The Amboseli study shows the value of using long-term integrated ecological monitoring to track the spatial and temporal changes in the species composition,structure,and function of rangeland ecosystems and the role of natural and human agencies in the process of *** study echoes the widespread changes underway across African savannas and world’s rangelands,concluding that some level

关键词： Savannas Plants Human dominance Macroecology Conservation

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Impacts of long-term land-use changes on herd size and mobility among pastoral households in Amboseli ecosystem,Kenya

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Ecological Processes 2018年第1期7卷 32-40页

作者： Kennedy Sakimba Kimiti david western Judith Syombua Mbau Oliver Vivian Wasonga Department of Land Resource Management and Agricultural Technology University of Nairobi P.O Box 30197NairobiKenya Amboseli Conservation Project P.O Box 15289Nairobi 00509Kenya

Introduction:Long-term changes in rangeland ecosystems of the world have impacted on the livestock production,a key livelihood strategy in these *** paper presents perceptions of the pastoral community on the dynamics of pastoral livelihoods under three land-use types namely nomadic,semi-nomadic,and sedentary in Amboseli ecosystem located in southern *** questionnaire was used to collect data concerning household livestock herds,perceived livestock trends and their causes,importance of migration,sedentarization,and land subdivision,and were administered to respondents randomly selected from the three land-use ***:The study shows that the livestock herd size was higher in nomadic(117.1)and lower in sedentary(56.6)land-use *** majority of the respondents in nomadic(79%),semi-nomadic(73%),and sedentary(64%)reported a declining trend in household herd *** declines were mostly attributed to recurrent droughts and loss of grazing ***:Pastoralism remains an important livelihood strategy to majority of households in the study area;therefore,to achieve sustainable livelihood strategies,grazing lands should be maintained.

关键词： Herd mobility Household livestock trends Rangeland changes Community views

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东非公园的游客容量与生态环境

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环境科学研究 1987年第5期 76-80页

作者： david western 李越

作者根据东非国家公园已经进行的限制游客容量工作,及其所了解的生态情况和旅游者的印象与活动,探讨了东非国家公园游客容量的问题。并考查了影响游客容量的敏感问题,考虑了一个管理合理、投资适度的能够达到的水平。

关键词：国家公园游览活动生态环境旅游政策风景资源游览者动物资源资源能力非洲国家计划管理

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Accelerating snail vector genomics

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贫困所致传染病(英文) 2024年第3期13卷 6-10页

作者： Pennance Tom Rollinson david College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific – Northwest Western University of Health Sciences Lebanon OR USA Global Schistosomiasis Alliance Ealing Cross Uxbridge Road Ealing London W5BW UK Science Department Natural History Museum Cromwell Road London SW5BD UK

The three most important genera of snails for the transmission of schistosomes areBulinus,Biomphalaria andOncomelania. Each of these genera, found in two distantly related families, includes species that act as the intermediate host for one of the three most widespread schistosome species infecting humans,Schistosoma haematobium, S. mansoni andS. japonicum, respectively. An important step in the fight against schistosomiasis in Asia has been taken with the publication of the article "Chromosome-level genome assembly ofOncomelania hupensis: the intermediate snail host ofSchistosoma japonicum", which means that genomes for all three major genera, including species across three continents, are now available in the public domain. This includes the first genomes of African snail vectors, namelyBiomphalaria sudanica,Bi. pfeifferi andBulinus truncatus, as well as high-quality chromosome level assemblies for South AmericanBi. glabrata. Most importantly, the wealth of new genomic and transcriptomic data is helping to establish the specific molecular mechanisms that underly compatibility between snails and their schistosomes, which although diverse and complex, may help to identify potential targets dictating host parasite interactions that can be utilised in future transmission control strategies. This new work onOncomelania hupensis and indeed studies on other snail vectors, which provide deep insights into the genome, will stimulate research that may well lead to new and much needed control interventions.

关键词： Oncomelania Bulinus Biomphalaria Snail vectors Genomics

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Impact of cancer diagnosis on life expectancy by area-level socioeconomic groups in New South Wales, Australia: a population-based study

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Cancer Biology & Medicine 2024年第8期21卷 692-702页

作者： Md Mijanur Rahman Michael david david Goldsbury Karen Canfell Kou Kou Paramita Dasgupta Peter Baade Xue Qin Yu The Daffodil Centre The University of Sydney A Joint Venture with Cancer Council NSW School of Medicine and Dentistry Griffith University Cancer Council Queensland

Objective: Improvement in cancer survival over recent decades has not been accompanied by a narrowing of socioeconomic disparities. This study aimed to quantify the loss of life expectancy(LOLE) resulting from a cancer diagnosis and examine disparities in LOLE based on area-level socioeconomic status(SES).Methods: Data were collected for all people between 50 and 89 years of age who were diagnosed with cancer, registered in the NSW Cancer Registry between 2001 and 2019, and underwent mortality follow-up evaluations until December 2020. Flexible parametric survival models were fitted to estimate the LOLE by gender and area-level SES for 12 common ***: Of 422,680 people with cancer, 24% and 18% lived in the most and least disadvantaged areas, respectively. Patients from the most disadvantaged areas had a significantly greater average LOLE than patients from the least disadvantaged areas for cancers with high survival rates, including prostate [2.9 years(95% CI: 2.5±3.2 years) vs. 1.6 years(95% CI: 1.3±1.9 years)] and breast cancer [1.6 years(95% CI: 1.4±1.8 years) vs. 1.2 years(95% CI: 1.0±1.4 years)]. The highest average LOLE occurred in males residing in the most disadvantaged areas with pancreatic [16.5 years(95% CI: 16.1±16.8 years) vs. 16.2 years(95% CI: 15.7±16.7 years)] and liver cancer [15.5 years(95% CI: 15.0±16.0 years) vs. 14.7 years(95% CI: 14.0±15.5 years)]. Females residing in the least disadvantaged areas with thyroid cancer [0.9 years(95% CI: 0.4±1.4 years) vs. 0.6 years(95% CI: 0.2±1.0 years)] or melanoma [0.9 years(95% CI: 0.8±1.1 years) vs. 0.7 years(95% CI: 0.5±0.8 years)] had the lowest average ***: Patients from the most disadvantaged areas had the highest LOLE with SES-based differences greatest for patients diagnosed with cancer at an early stage or cancers with higher survival rates, suggesting the need to prioritise early detection and reduce treatment-related barriers and survivorship challenges to improve life expec

关键词： Cancer diagnosis area-level socioeconomic status flexible parametric model life expectancy loss of life expectancy

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Development of T cell antigen-based human coronavirus vaccinesagainst nAb-escaping SARS-CoV-2 variants

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Science Bulletin 2024年第15期69卷 2456-2470页

作者： Hao Zhou Ping Leng Yang Wang Kaiwen Yang Chen Li david M.Ojcius Pengfei Wang Shibo Jiang College of Medical Technology Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese MedicineChengdu 611137China Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sichuan-Chongqing Co-construction for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases Integrated Traditional Chinese and western Medicine Chongqing Traditional Chinese Medicine HospitalChongqing 400016China Shanghai Pudong Hospital Fudan University Pudong Medical CenterShanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and BiosecuritySchool of Life SciencesFudan UniversityShanghai 200438China Department of Biomedical Sciences University of the PaciﬁcArthur Dugoni School of DentistrySan FranciscoCA 94115USA Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministry of Education/Ministry of Health/Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and BiosecuritySchool of Basic Medical SciencesFudan UniversityShanghai 200032China

Currently approved vaccines have been successful in preventing the severity of COVID-19 and hospitalization. These vaccines primarily induce humoral immune responses;however, highly transmissible and mutated variants, such as the Omicron variant, weaken the neutralization potential of the vaccines, thus,raising serious concerns about their efficacy. Additionally, while neutralizing antibodies(nAbs) tend to wane more rapidly than cell-mediated immunity, long-lasting T cells typically prevent severe viral illness by directly killing infected cells or aiding other immune cells. Importantly, T cells are more cross-reactive than antibodies, thus, highly mutated variants are less likely to escape lasting broadly cross-reactive T cell immunity. Therefore, T cell antigen-based human coronavirus(HCoV) vaccines with the potential to serve as a supplementary weapon to combat emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants with resistance to n Abs are urgently needed. Alternatively, T cell antigens could also be included in B cell antigen-based vaccines to strengthen vaccine efficacy. This review summarizes recent advancements in research and development of vaccines containing T cell antigens or both T and B cell antigens derived from proteins of SARS-CoV-2 variants and/or other HCo Vs based on different vaccine platforms.

关键词： COVID-19 Immune escape Omicron variant SARS-CoV-2 T cell antigen-based vaccine

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中西医整合乳腺癌长期用药专家共识

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中华肿瘤防治杂志 2024年第13期31卷 785-799页

作者：朱世杰陈武进中国抗癌协会中西医整合乳腺癌专业委员会中国中医科学院望京医院福建中医药大学附属人民医院

随着乳腺癌患者总生存期(OS)的延长，乳腺癌长期用药问题引起了广泛的关注。然而，目前尚未有相关指南和共识针对乳腺癌患者中西医整合长期用药问题进行较为全面的指导和规范。中国抗癌协会中西医整合乳腺癌专业委员会专门针对乳腺癌中... 详细信息

随着乳腺癌患者总生存期(OS)的延长，乳腺癌长期用药问题引起了广泛的关注。然而，目前尚未有相关指南和共识针对乳腺癌患者中西医整合长期用药问题进行较为全面的指导和规范。中国抗癌协会中西医整合乳腺癌专业委员会专门针对乳腺癌中西医整合长期用药问题召开了3次研讨会，并最终制定了本共识。旨在进一步提高乳腺癌患者长期用药依从性，使患者能够达到有效的药物使用时长，并提高患者生活质量、延长OS。

关键词：乳腺肿瘤长期用药整合医学中西医整合专家共识

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Multiple myeloma survival in New South Wales, Australia, by treatment era to 2020

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Cancer Biology & Medicine 2024年第8期21卷 703-711页

作者： Eleonora Feletto Qingwei Luo Anna Kelly Marianne Weber david Goldsbury Katherine Barron Karen Canfell Xue Qin Yu The Daffodil Centre The University of Sydney A Joint Venture with Cancer Council NSW

Objective: Australia has relatively high multiple myeloma(MM) incidence and mortality rates. Advancements in MM treatment over recent decades have driven improvements in MM survival in high-income countries; however, reporting in Australia is limited. We investigated temporal trends in population-wide MM survival across 3 periods of treatment advancements in New South Wales(NSW), ***: Individuals with an MM diagnosis in the NSW Cancer Registry between 1985 and 2015 with vital follow-up to 2020, were categorized into 3 previously defined treatment eras according to their diagnosis date(1985±1995, chemotherapy only; 1996±2007, autologous stem cell transplantation; and 2008±2015, novel agents including proteasome inhibitors and immunomodulatory drugs). Both relative survival and cause-specific survival according to Fine and Gray's competing risks cumulative incidence function were calculated by treatment era and age at ***: Overall, 11,591 individuals were included in the study, with a median age of 70 years at diagnosis. Five-year relative survival improved over the 36-year(1985±2020) study period(31.0% in 1985±1995; 41.9% in 1996±2007; and 56.1% in 2008±2015). For individuals diagnosed before 70 years of age, the 5-year relative survival nearly doubled, from 36.5% in 1985±1995 to 68.5% in 2008±2015. Improvements for those > 70 years of age were less pronounced between 1985±1995 and 1996±2007; however, significant improvements were observed for those diagnosed in 2008±2015. Similar overall and age-specific patterns were observed for causespecific survival. After adjustment for gender and age at diagnosis, treatment era was strongly associated with both relative and cause-specific survival(P < 0.0001).Conclusions: Survival of individuals with MM is improving in Australia with treatment advances. However, older age groups continue to experience poor survival outcomes with only modest improvements over time. Given the increasing prevalence of

关键词： Australia Multiple myeloma cancer epidemiology competing risk analysis survival analysis

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Evaluation of formation susceptibility and sand production potential in an offshore field,Niger Delta Basin,Nigeria

Energy Geoscience

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Energy Geoscience 2024年第1期5卷 1-11页

作者： david O.Ubuara Yinka A.Olayinka Godwin O.Emujakporue Geoffrey C.Soronnadi-Ononiwu Department of Geology University of Port HarcourtNigeria Mease Energy Nigeria Limited Port HarcourtNigeria Department of Geology University of IbadanNigeria Department of Physics University of Port HarcourtNigeria

Wellbore instability and sand production are all common challenges in the Niger Delta oil province,resulting in high drilling and production cost as well as damage to oil *** vulnerability of lithologic formations to wellbore instability and resultant sand production is investigated in the four delineated reservoirs of the“Areo”field,western part of Niger Delta *** foundation for establishing the geomechanical properties in this study was a 1-dimensional mechanical earth model,using gamma ray(GR),density(RHOB),compressional slowness(DTC),and shear slowness(DTS)*** the Areo oil field,two wells(well 001 and well 002)were *** evaluated formations are still primarily composed of compacted shale and unconsolidated sandstone,with reservoir sand units exhibiting lower elastic and rock strength properties than shale *** compressibility and porosity make sand more brittle,while low compressibility and porosity make shale stiffer due to high *** maximum force that can be applied to a shale unit without causing it to fail is 17.23 MPa,which is the maximum average rock strength of the *** means that shale requires more vertical stress or pressure than sand does in order to deform it(15.06 MPa).The three sand prediction approaches used in the analysis of sand production predictions have cut-off values that are higher than the average values of the *** Schlumberger sand production index method(S/I)indicates that the reservoir has potential for sand influx in the two wells,with the average of the four reservoirs studied in wells 001 and 002 being 1.551012 psi and 1.141012 psi ***,when a formation's sand production index is less than 1.241012 psi,as it is in this study,the formation is likely to produce *** findings support the notion that the defined sandstone units are highly unconsolidated and have a high potential for producing sands;therefore,sand control techniques must be factored in

关键词： Wireline log Stress Geo-mechanicanical characterization Sand prediction Niger delta

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2023年度西域史研究述评

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西域研究 2024年第2期 135-150页

作者：西域史研究年度发展报告课题组新疆社会科学院

2023年,我国西域史领域全年公开发表论文500余篇,出版学术著作70余部,现从政治史、经济社会史、文化史、考古四个方面择其要者评述如下。政治史自汉代起经营治理西域是王朝、政权的大事,本年度西域政治史研究高度集中于此。汉代王炳华... 详细信息

2023年,我国西域史领域全年公开发表论文500余篇,出版学术著作70余部,现从政治史、经济社会史、文化史、考古四个方面择其要者评述如下。政治史自汉代起经营治理西域是王朝、政权的大事,本年度西域政治史研究高度集中于此。汉代王炳华先生认为西汉王朝与匈奴在西域的政治角力是一场大博弈,它在中华民族生成、发展史中,具有十分重要的历史价值。1郑炳林、陈晶晶、司豪强也考察了汉匈争夺西域控制权的历史过程。

关键词：西汉王朝政治史西域史郑炳林王炳华经济社会史匈奴学术著作

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