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Dynamics of Advantageous Mutant Spread in Spatial Death-Birth and Birth-Death Moran Models

Communications on Applied Mathematics and Computation 2024年第1期6卷 576-604页

作者： Jasmine Foo Einar Bjarki Gunnarsson Kevin Leder david Sivakoff School of Mathematics University of MinnesotaTwin CitiesMN55455USA Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering University of MinnesotaTwin CitiesMN55455USA Departments of Statistics and Mathematics The Ohio State UniversityColumbusOH43210USA

The spread of an advantageous mutation through a population is of fundamental interest in population genetics. while the classical Moran model is formulated for a well-mixed population, it has long been recognized that in real-world applications, the population usually has an explicit spatial structure which can significantly influence the dynamics. In the context of cancer initiation in epithelial tissue, several recent works have analyzed the dynamics of advantageous mutant spread on integer lattices, using the biased voter model from particle systems theory. In this spatial version of the Moran model, individuals first reproduce according to their fitness and then replace a neighboring individual. From a biological standpoint, the opposite dynamics, where individuals first die and are then replaced by a neighboring individual according to its fitness, are equally relevant. Here, we investigate this death-birth analogue of the biased voter model. we construct the process mathematically, derive the associated dual process, establish bounds on the survival probability of a single mutant, and prove that the process has an asymptotic shape. we also briefly discuss alternative birth-death and death-birth dynamics, depending on how the mutant fitness advantage affects the dynamics. we show that birth-death and death-birth formulations of the biased voter model are equivalent when fitness affects the former event of each update of the model, whereas the birth-death model is fundamentally different from the death-birth model when fitness affects the latter event.

关键词： Spatial death-birth models Spatial birth-death models Spatial evolutionary models Spatial cancer models Evolutionary graph theory Stochastic processes Biased voter model Dual process Fixation probability Shape theorem

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Assessing the energy saving potential of using adaptive setpoint temperatures:The case study of a regional adaptive comfort model for Brazil in both the present and the future

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Building Simulation 2024年第3期17卷 459-482页

作者： Daniel Sánchez-García david Bienvenido-Huertas Carlos Rubio-Bellido Ricardo Forgiarini Rupp Department of Electrical Engineering University Carlos III of MadridMadridSpain Department of Building Simulation ZEROCEM SLSevilleSpain Department of Building Constructions University of GranadaGranadaSpain Department of Building Constructions II University of SevilleSevilleSpain Section of Design for Sustainability Department of Civil and Mechanical EngineeringTechnical University of DenmarkKgs.LyngbyDenmark

It has been found in recent years that using setpoint temperatures based on adaptive thermal comfort models is a successful method of energy *** studies using adaptive setpoint temperatures incorporate international models from ASHRAE Standard 55 and *** study,however,has instead considered a regional Brazilian adaptive comfort *** study investigates the energy demand arising from the use of a local Brazilian comfort model in order to assess the energy implications from the use of the worldwide ASHRAE Standard 55 adaptive model and various fixed setpoint *** of Brazil’s climate zones,full air-conditioning,mixed-mode building operating modes,present-day climate change scenarios,and future scenarios—specifically Representative Concentration Pathways(RCP)2.6,4.5,and 8.5 for the years 2050 and 2100—have all been taken into account in building energy *** use of adaptive setpoint temperatures based on the Brazilian local model considering mixed-mode has been found to significantly reduce energy consumption when compared to static setpoint temperatures(average energy-saving values ranging from 52%to 58%)and the ASHRAE 55 adaptive model(average values ranging from 15%to 21%).Considering climate change and the mixed-mode Brazilian model,the overall energy demand for the three groups of climatic zones(annual average outdoor temperatures≤21℃,>21 and≤25℃and>25℃)ranged between 2%decrease and 5%increase,4%and 27%increase,and 13%and 45%increase,*** is concluded as a consequence that setting setpoint temperatures based on the Brazilian local adaptive comfort model is a very efficient energy-saving method.

关键词： adaptive thermal comfort building energy simulation energy efficiency climate change adaptive setpoint temperatures local comfort mode

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Molecular insights of exercise therapy in disease prevention and treatment

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2024年第6期9卷 2564-2597页

作者： david walzik Tiffany Y.wences Chirino Philipp Zimmer Niklas Joisten Division of Performance and Health(Sports Medicine) Institute for Sport and Sport ScienceTU Dortmund University44227 DortmundNorth Rhine-WestphaliaGermany Division of Exercise and Movement Science Institute for Sport ScienceUniversity of Göttingen37075 GöttingenLower SaxonyGermany

Despite substantial evidence emphasizing the pleiotropic benefits of exercise for the prevention and treatment of various diseases,the underlying biological mechanisms have not been fully *** exercise benefits have been attributed to signaling molecules that are released in response to exercise by different tissues such as skeletal muscle,cardiac muscle,adipose,and liver *** signaling molecules,which are collectively termed exerkines,form a heterogenous group of bioactive substances,mediating inter-organ crosstalk as well as structural and functional tissue *** scientific endeavors have focused on identifying and characterizing new biological mediators with such ***,some investigations have focused on the molecular targets of exerkines and the cellular signaling cascades that trigger adaption processes.A detailed understanding of the tissue-specific downstream effects of exerkines is crucial to harness the health-related benefits mediated by exercise and improve targeted exercise programs in health and ***,we review the current in vivo evidence on exerkine-induced signal transduction across multiple target tissues and highlight the preventive and therapeutic value of exerkine signaling in various *** emphasizing different aspects of exerkine research,we provide a comprehensive overview of(i)the molecular underpinnings of exerkine secretion,(ii)the receptor-dependent and receptor-independent signaling cascades mediating tissue adaption,and(iii)the clinical implications of these mechanisms in disease prevention and treatment.

关键词： prevention treatment collective

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Response of endemic afroalpine rodents to the removal of livestock grazing pressure

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Current Zoology 2011年第6期57卷 741-750页

作者： Flavie VIAL david w. macdonald Daniel T. HAYDON Boyd Orr Centre for Population and Ecosystem Health Institute of Biodiversity Animal Health and Comparative Medicine College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences University of Glasgow Glasgow G12 8QQ UK. wildlife Conservation Research Unit Zoology Department University of Oxford The Recanati-Kaplan Centre Tubney House Tubney OX13 5QL UK.

The Bale Mountains of Ethiopia represent the world＇s largest continuous extent of afroalpine habitat. with a peak combined density of over 8000 individuals/km2, the endemic giant mole rat Tachyoryctes macrocephalus, Blick＇s grass rat Arvi- canthis blicki and the brush-furred mouse Lophuromys melanonyx are the dominant wild herbivores within this ecosystem and may be affected by the presence of high densities of domestic livestock. The purpose of this study was to establish whether these endemic rodent populations could respond to the removal of grazing pressure inside three 0.25 hectare livestock exclosures （paired with grazed control plots） and to determine whether such response was mediated through concomitant changes in the vegetation structure. we hypothesised that livestock grazing negatively affects endemic rodent populations through competition or increased predation risk and we predicted an increase in rodent biomass following the removal of grazing pressure. we found no evidence of rodent populations responding to the removal of livestock after fourteen months. The short-term nature of the ex- perimental design, environmental fluctuations and the ecosystem＇s inherent stochasticity may explain the apparent lack of a sig- nificant response. However, while this study is inconclusive, it emphasises the need for more long-term experimental investiga- tions to assess the effects of domestic grazers on vegetation and on dependent communities. The effects of rapidly increasing livestock numbers in the Bale Mountains will require continued close monitoring of vegetation and endemic animal communities as the afroalpine is altered by external biotic and abiotic forces .

关键词： Afroalpine Bale Mountains Exclosures Livestock grazing Murid rodents

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Assessment of groundwater quantity, quality, and associated health risk of the Tano river basin, Ghana

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Acta Geochimica 2024年第2期43卷 325-353页

作者： Adwoba Kua-Manza Edjah Bruce Banoeng-Yakubo Anthony Ewusi Enoch Sakyi-Yeboah david Saka Clara Turetta Giulio Cozzi david Atta-Peters Larry Pax Chegbeleh water Resources Research Centre Ghana Atomic Energy CommissionAccraGhana Earth Science Department University of GhanaLegonAccraGhana Geological Engineering Department University of Mines and TechnologyTarkwaGhana Department of Statistics University of GhanaAccraLegonGhana Institute of Polar Sciences National Research Council of ItalyVeniceItaly

In the Tano River Basin,groundwater serves as a crucial resource;however,its quantity and quality with regard to trace elements and microbiological loadings remain poorly understood due to the lack of groundwater logs and limited water *** study presents a comprehensive analysis of the Tano River Basin,focusing on three key ***,it investigated the aquifer hydraulic parameters and the results showed signiﬁcant spatial variations in borehole depths,yields,transmissivity,hydraulic conductivity,and speciﬁc *** boreholes were concentrated in the northeastern and southeastern zones,while geological formations,particu-larly the Apollonian Formation,exhibit a strong inﬂuence on borehole *** study identiﬁed areas with high transmissivity and hydraulic conductivity in the southern and eastern regions,suggesting good groundwater avail-ability and suitability for sustainable water ***-ondly,the research investigated the groundwater quality and observed that the majority of borehole samples fall within wHO(Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality,Environmental Health Criteria,Geneva,2011,***://***)***,some samples have pH levels below the standards,although the groundwater generally qualiﬁes as *** study further explores hydrochemical facies and health risk assessment,highlighting the dominance of Ca–HCO3 water *** element analysis reveals minimal health risks from most elements,with chromium(Cr)as the primary contributor to chronic health ***,this study has provided a key insights into the Tano River Basin’s hydrogeology and associated health *** outcome of this research has contributed to the broader understanding of hydrogeologi-cal dynamics and the importance of managing groundwater resources sustainably in complex geological environments.

关键词： Groundwater Unsupervised machine learning technique Hydrochemistry Aquifer hydraulic parameter Health risk

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Enhancing diabetic retinopathy screening:Non-mydriatic fundus photography-assisted telemedicine for improved clinical management

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world Journal of Diabetes 2024年第8期15卷 1820-1823页

作者： Kira J Szulborski david J Ramsey Department of Ophthalmology Tufts University School of MedicineBostonMA 02111United States Lahey Department of Surgery Division of OphthalmologyUMass Chan Medical SchoolUniversity of MassachusettsBurlingtonMA 01805United States Graduate Faculty New England College of OptometryBostonMA 02115United States

The utilization of non-mydriatic fundus photography-assisted telemedicine to screen patients with diabetes mellitus for diabetic retinopathy provides an accurate,efficient,and cost-effective method to improve early detection of *** has also been shown to correlate with increased participation of patients in other aspects of diabetes *** particular,patients who undergo teleretinal imaging are more likely to meet Comprehensive Diabetes Care Healthcare Effectiveness Data and Information Set metrics,which are linked to preservation of quality-adjusted life years and additional downstream healthcare savings.

关键词： Diabetes Diabetic retinopathy Telemedicine Tele-ophthalmology Nonmydriatic fundus photography-assisted telemedicine Vision screening Preventative health services Health policy

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Impact of low alcohol consumption in the natural history of cirrhosis

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Hepatobiliary Surgery and Nutrition 2024年第1期13卷 161-164页

作者： david Marti-Aguado Eduardo Vilar-Gomez Digestive Disease Department Clinic University HospitalINCLIVA Health Research InstituteValenciaSpain Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department of MedicineIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisINUSA

Alcohol-related liver disease(ALD)and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease(MASLD)are the most common causes of chronic liver disease worldwide(1).Daily alcohol consumption thresholds(women andwever,“safe”levels of alcohol intake are difficult to define because of wide variations in the factors that contribute to its susceptibility and multiple effect *** MASLD,conflicting results on whether light alcohol intake is detrimental or beneficial.

关键词： Compensated cirrhosis alcohol consumption mortality hepatic decompensation

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Can we talk about “futile surgery” for the upfront treatment of the perihilar cholangiocarcinoma?

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Hepatobiliary Surgery and Nutrition 2024年第4期13卷 672-674页

作者： Maria Conticchio david Fuks Stylianos Tzedakis Unit of Hepatobiliairy and Pancreatic Surgery Ente Ecclesiastico F.MiulliAcquaviva delle FontiBariItaly Unit of Hepatobiliary Digestive and Endocrine SurgeryCochin HospitalUniversitéParis CitéParisFrance

In this work(1),Ratti et *** to identify a subgroup of patients with perihilar cholangiocarcinoma(PHC)for whom the benefit of surgery could be compromised by morbidity,mortality and the risk of early tumor *** for this study come from a multi-institutional database that includes consecutive patients undergoing elective surgery for PHC in 27 western centers(with experience of more than 15 major liver resections per year)starting in January *** from 2,271 patients were analyzed *** there is neither international consensus on preoperative management nor standardization of surgical technique,the indications for resection were validated at a local multidisciplinary consultation *** optimization was standardized with endoscopic or percutaneous biliary drainage to treat jaundice and the performance of portal embolization was proposed in the event of insufficient volume of the future remaining liver.

关键词： Perihilar cholangiocarcinoma(PHC) upfront surgery predictive risk score

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Single-atom Pt on carbon nanotubes for selective electrocatalysis

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Carbon Energy 2024年第1期6卷 63-71页

作者： Samuel S.Hardisty Xiaoqian Lin Anthony R.J.Kucernak david Zitoun Department of Chemistry Bar Ilan Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials(BINA)Bar Ilan UniversityRamat GanIsrael Department of Chemistry Molecular Science Research HubImperial College LondonLondonUK

Utilizing supported single atoms as catalysts presents an opportunity to reduce the usage of critical raw materials such as platinum,which are essential for electrochemical reactions such as hydrogen oxidation reaction(HOR).Herein,we describe the synthesis of a Pt single electrocatalyst inside single-walled carbon nanotubes(SwCNTs)via a redox *** via electron microscopy,X-ray photoelectron microscopy,and X-ray absorption spectroscopy show the single-atom nature of the *** electrochemical behavior of the sample to hydrogen and oxygen was investigated using the advanced floating electrode technique,which minimizes mass transport limitations and gives a thorough insight into the activity of the *** single-atom samples showed higher HOR activity than state-of-the-art 30%Pt/C while almost no oxygen reduction reaction activity in the proton exchange membrane fuel cell operating *** selective activity toward HOR arose as the main fingerprint of the catalyst confinement in the SwCNTs.

关键词： confinement electrocatalysis hydrogen platinum single atom catalysts

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Experimental Investigation of Thermal Performance of Novel Finned Radiators for Automotive Cooling System

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Journal of Thermal Science 2024年第5期33卷 1726-1743页

作者： SINGH Hardeep TING david S-K READER Graham ESHTIAGHI Nicky ICHIYANAGI Mitsuhisa SUZUKI Takashi Turbulence&Energy Laboratory University of WindsorWindsor N9B 3P4Canada Chemical and Environmental Engineering School of EngineeringRMIT UniversityMelbourneVictoria 3001Australia Department of Engineering and Applied Sciences Sophia UniversityTokyo 102-8554Japan

This research investigates innovative fin-type radiators for automobile engine cooling ***-channel and helical radiators,along with straight type,were analyzed for heat transfer characteristics under various *** uniqueness of this study is evident in the design of microchannel and helical *** helical radiators,the inner rod features 4/8 helical-shaped water galleries,while the outer tube frame with embedded fins remains *** contrast,the microchannel radiators have compact trapezoidal-shaped water galleries with separate fin ***,the novelty of the research is enhanced by the utilization of 3D printing technology in the manufacturing *** constant fin height analysis at varied water and air flow rate,Microchannel water Air Radiator with fin height 10.5 mm(MCwAR10.5)depicted a higher heat transfer rate amongst the *** comparison to Straight water Air Radiator with fin height 9.5 mm(SwAR9.5),the heat transfer rate is 30.3%and 1.3 times ***,in constant fin surface area analysis,microchannel radiator(MCwAR3.2)illustrates lower heat dissipation than Helical radiator(HwAR138)but higher than HwAR134 and Straight radiator(SwAR6).The examination of pumping loss indicated that the Micro-channel radiator outperformed helical radiators due to its lower pressure *** average pressure loss for Micro-channel radiators was 0.74 kPa,making it 1.2 times higher than that of a straight radiator(0.62 kPa),indicating a better trade-off.

关键词： heat exchangers multi-channel helical heat exchanger heat transfer 3D printing

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