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Driver mutations of cancer epigenomes

Protein & Cell 2014年第4期5卷 265-296页

作者： david M. Roy Logan A. walsh Timothy A. Chan Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center New York NY 10065 USA weill Cornell/Rockefeller/Sloan-Kettering Tri-lnstitutional MD-PhD Program New York NY 10065 USA Department of Radiation Oncology Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center New York NY 10065 USA

Epigenetic alterations are associated with all aspects of cancer, from tumor initiation to cancer progression and metastasis. It is now well understood that both losses and gains of DNA methylation as well as altered chro- matin organization contribute significantly to cancer- associated phenotypes. More recently, new sequencing technologies have allowed the identification of driver mutations in epigenetic regulators, providing a mecha- nistic link between the cancer epigenome and genetic alterations. Oncogenic activating mutations are now known to occur in a number of epigenetic modifiers （i.e. IDHll2, EZH2, DNMT3A）, pinpointing epigenetic path- ways that are involved in tumorigenesis. Similarly, investigations into the role of inactivating mutations in chromatin modifiers （i.e. KDM6A, CREBBPIEP300, SMARCB1） implicate many of these genes as tumor suppressors. Intriguingly, a number of neoplasms are defined by a plethora of mutations in epigenetic regu- lators, including renal, bladder, and adenoid cystic car- cinomas. Particularly striking is the discovery of frequent histone H3.3 mutations in pediatric glioma, a particularly aggressive neoplasm that has long remained poorly understood. Cancer epigenetics is a relatively new, promising frontier with much potential for improving cancer outcomes. Already, therapies such as 5-azacytidine and decitabine have proven that targeting epigenetic alterations in cancer can lead to tangible benefits. Understanding how genetic alterations give rise to the cancer epigenome will offer new possibilities for developing better prognostic and therapeutic strategies.

关键词： chromatin cancer epigenetics mutations,methylation

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The Coherent-Constructible Correspondence and Fourier-Mukai Transforms

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Acta Mathematica Sinica,English Series 2011年第2期27卷 275-308页

作者： Bohan FANG Chiu-Chu Melissa LIU david TREUMANN Eric ZASLOw Department of Mathematics Columbia University 2990 Broadway New York NY 10027 USA Department of Mathematics Northwestervt University 2033 Sheridan Road Evanston IL 60208 USA

As evidence for his conjecture in birational log geometry, Kawamata constructed a family of derived equivalences between toric orbifolds. In a previous paper, the authors showed that the derived category of a toric orbifold is naturally identified with a category of polyhedrally-constructible sheaves on R^n. In this paper we investigate and reprove some of Kawamata＇s results from this perspective.

关键词： Toric orbifolds coherent sheaves constructible sheaves Fourier-Mukai transforms

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Identifying coastal towns and small cities in Denmark using global population data to support climate change adaptation

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International Journal of Digital Earth 2020年第9期13卷 1040-1054页

作者： James M.Fitton Martin Lehmann david C.Major Department of Planning Aalborg UniversityAalborgDenmark The Earth Institute Columbia UniversityNew YorkNYUSA

Coastal settlements face many hazards from climate ***,there has been extensive focus on developing and implementing ***,these efforts have prodominantly centred on larger *** towns and small cities(urban areas between 1000 and 100,000 people)have received little attention,despite experiencing a number of barriers to *** absence of information on the global scale of the adaptation challenge within coastal towns and small cities may have contributed to these settlements being *** paper develops a method that can be used to estimate the numbers,sizes,and locations of coastal towns and small cities worldwide from global population data(Global Human Settlement data).Denmark is used as a pilot for this method with settlements over 1000 people classified with relatively high *** method developed here represents a potentially fruitful approach to supporting coastal adaptation,as coastal towns and small cities are identifiable globally,they can be classified into *** will support an assessment of their risk to coastal hazards,and could facilitate knowledge and practice sharing between similar coastal towns and small cities.

关键词： Climate change adaptation global data coastal hazards Denmark small urban areas

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Acupuncture's Role in Solving the Opioid Epidemic: Evidence, Cost-Effectiveness, and Care Availability for Acupuncture as a Primary, Non-Pharmacologic Method for Pain Relief and Management-white Paper 2017

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Journal of Integrative Medicine 2017年第6期15卷 411-425页

作者： arthur yin fan david w.miller bonnie bolash matthew bauer john mcdonald sarah faggert hongjian he yong ming li amy matecki lindy camardella mel hopper koppelman jennifer a.m.stone lindsay meade john pang the american tcm association ViennaVA 22182USA the american society of acupuncturists ChicagoIL 60618USA the joint acupuncture opioid task force La VerneCA 91750USA pacific college of oriental medicine ChicagoIL 60601USA the acupuncture now foundation CA 91750USA the acupuncture evidence project ProvidenceRI 02860USA the acupuncture society of virginia ViennaVA 22182USA the national federation of chinese tcm organizations New YorkNY 11501USA the american alliance for professional acupuncture safety GreenwichCT 06878USA the american traditional chinese medicine society New YorkNY 11501USA highland hospital alameda health systemOaklandCA 94602USA indiana university school of medicine IndianapolisIN 46202USA university of california san diego school of medicineSan DiegoCA 92093USA

The United States （U.S.） is facing a national opioid epidemic, and medical systems are in need of non- pharmacologic strategies that can be employed to decrease the public＇s opioid dependence. Acupuncture has emerged as a powerful, evidence-based, safe, cost-effective, and available treatment modality suitable to meeting this need. Acupuncture has been shown to be effective for the management of numerous types of pain conditions, and mechanisms of action for acupuncture have been described and are understandable from biomedical, physiologic perspectives. Further, acupuncture＇s cost-effectiveness can dramatically decrease health care expenditures, both from the standpoint of treating acute pain and through avoiding addiction to opioids that requires costly care, destroys quality of life, and can lead to fatal overdose. Numerous federal regulatory agencies have advised or mandated that healthcare systems and providers offer non-pharmacologic treatment options for pain. Acupuncture stands out as the most evidence-based, immediately available choice to fulfil these calls. Acupuncture can safely, easily, and cost-effectively be incorporated into hospital settings as diverse as the emergency department, labor and delivery suites, andneonatal intensive care units to treat a variety of commonly seen pain conditions. Acupuncture is already being successfully and meaningfully utilized by the Veterans Administration and various branches of the U.S. Military, in some studies demonstrably decreasing the volume of opioids prescribed when included in care.

关键词： acupuncture opioid epidemic pain opiate dependency effectiveness safety cost-effectiveness mechanism United States

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玛格南新闻摄影师david Hurn

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影像视觉 2010年第7期11卷 70-75页

作者： Geoff Harris york（翻译）

从拍摄匈牙利动乱到拍摄007,大卫·休恩（david Hum）的职业生涯可谓丰富多彩。在这里,他和Geoff Harris一起回顾了他极具传奇色彩的摄影人生。

关键词：摄影师新闻 Harris 职业生涯匈牙利拍摄

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Preface:Special Issue on Optimization,Financial Engineering,Risk and Operations Management

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Journal of the Operations Research Society of China 2022年第3期10卷 423-425页

作者： david Yao Shu-Zhong Zhang Xun-Yu Zhou Department of Industrial Engineering&Operations Research Columbia UniversityNew YorkNY 10027USA Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering University of MinnesotaMinneapolisMN 55455USA

Optimization,Financial Engineering,Risk and Operations Management are fast evolving areas in Operations *** theoretical developments and newly found applications in those areas are vital to the future of our field and... 详细信息

关键词： Management Financial Operations

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How to identify which patients with asymptomatic carotid stenosis could benefit from endarterectomy or stenting

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Stroke & Vascular Neurology 2018年第2期3卷 92-100页

作者： Kosmas I Paraskevas Frank J Veith J david Spence Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery Royal Free HospitalLondonUK Department of Vascular Surgery New York University Langone Medical CenterNew YorkUSA Department of Vascular Surgery Cleveland ClinicClevelandOhioUSA Stroke Prevention&Atherosclerosis Research Centre Robarts Research InstituteWestern UniversityLondonCanada

Offering routine carotid endarterectomy(CEA)or carotid artery stenting(CAS)to patients with asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis(ACS)is no longer considered as the optimal management of these *** suboptimal,however,is the policy of offering only best medical treatment(BMT)to all patients with ACS and not considering any of them for prophylactic *** the last few years,there have been many studies aiming to identify reliable predictors of future cerebrovascular events that would allow the identification of patients with high-risk ACS and offer a prophylactic carotid intervention only to these patients to prevent them from becoming *** patients with ACS should receive *** present article will summarise the evidence suggesting ways to identify these high-risk asymptomatic individuals,namely:(1)microemboli detection on transcranial Doppler,(2)plaque echolucency on Duplex ultrasound,(3)progression in the severity of ACS,(4)silent embolic infarcts on brain CT/MRI,(5)reduced cerebrovascular reserve,(6)increased size of juxtaluminal hypoechoic area,(7)identification of intraplaque haemorrhage using MRI and(8)carotid *** evidence suggests that approximately 10%-15%of patents with asymptomatic stenosis might benefit from intervention;this will become more clear after publication of ongoing studies comparing stenting or endarterectomy with best medical *** the meantime,no patient should be offered intervention unless there is evidence of high risk of ipsilateral stroke,from modalities such as those discussed here.

关键词： patients carotid stenosis

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Proportionate Target Population Estimates Used by National Immunization Programmes in Sub-Saharan Africa and Comparison with Values from an External Source

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world Journal of Vaccines 2014年第3期4卷 147-156页

作者： david w. Brown Anthony H. Burton Marta Gacic Dobo Richard Mihigo The world Health Organization Regional Office for Africa Brazzaville Republic of Congo The world Health Organization Geneva Switzerland United Nations Children’s Fund New York USA

Background: In order to effectively plan the delivery of immunization services, manage stock and supply levels and target interventions, national immunization programmes (NIP) must have an estimate of the target population they serve. To overcome challenges with target population estimation, some NIPs apply “rule-of-thumb” conversion factors to total population estimates. we compare these proportionate target population values with those from an external source. Methods: Using data reported by national immunization programmes in sub-Saharan Africa, we computed the proportionate target population as the number of births, surviving infants and children under 5 years of age, respectively, as a proportion of the total population size. we compared these values with those estimates computed from United Nations Population Division (UNPD) data. we then recomputed NIP target population sizes using the proportionate target population values from the UNPD applied to the total population size reported by NIP. Results: Data were available from 47 sub-Saharan Africa countries. Births as a proportion of the total population were greater within reports from NIP (median, 0.0400;IQR: 0.350 - 0.0437) compared to values from UNPD estimates (median, 0.0364;IQR: 0.0332 - 0.0406). Similar patterns were observed for surviving infants (median: NIP, 0.0360;UNPD, 0.0337) and children under 5 years of age (median: NIP, 0.1735;UNPD, 0.1594). The percent difference in proportionate target population ratios between reports from NIPs and the UNPD was >10% in 23 countries for births, in 18 countries for surviving infants, in 15 countries for children under 5 years of age. After re-computing target populations using UNPD proportionate target population values applied to NIP reported total population, recomputed administrative coverage levels for the third dose of DTP containing vaccine were higher in 32 of the 47 countries compared to reported administrative coverage levels. Conclusion: Because chil

关键词： Population Population Estimates Target Population Immunization Immunization Coverage

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去极化作为电压门控性钙通道的调节信号

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中国药理学报 1996年第3期17卷 193-196页

作者： david J TRIGGLE ( Dean, The Graduate School, State University of New.york, Buffalo NY 14260, USA ) State University of New.york 美国

去极化作为电压门控性钙通道的调节信号ＤａｖｉｄＪＴＲＩＧＧＬＥ（Ｄｅａｎ，ＴｈｅＧｒａｄｕａｔｅＳｃｈｏｏｌ，ＳｔａｔｅＵｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙｏｆＮｅｗＹｏｒｋ，ＢｕｆｆａｌｏＮＹ１４２６０，ＵＳＡ）关键词钙通道；膜电... 详细信息

去极化作为电压门控性钙通道的调节信号ＤａｖｉｄＪＴＲＩＧＧＬＥ（Ｄｅａｎ，ＴｈｅＧｒａｄｕａｔｅＳｃｈｏｏｌ，ＳｔａｔｅＵｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙｏｆＮｅｗＹｏｒｋ，ＢｕｆｆａｌｏＮＹ１４２６０，ＵＳＡ）关键词钙通道；膜电位；神经生理学；电生理学；钙通道激...

关键词：钙通道膜电位神经生理学激动剂阻滞剂

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Ab Initio Molecular Dynamic Simulation on the Elasticity of Mg_3Al_2Si_3O_(12) Pyrope

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Journal of Earth Science 2011年第2期22卷 169-175页

作者： Li Li Donald J weidner John Brodholt Dario Alfe G david Price Mineral Physics Institute Department of Geosciences University of New York at Stony Brook Stony Brook NY 11790 USA Department of Earth Sciences University College London Gower Street London WC1E6BT UK

we calculated thermo-elastic properties of pyrope（Mg3Al2Si3O12） at mantle pressures and temperatures using Ab initio molecular dynamic simulation.A third-order Birch-Murnaghan equation at a reference temperature of 2 000 K fits the calculations with bulk modulus,K0=159.5 GPa,K0＇=4.3,V0=785.89 A3,Grüneisen parameter,γ0=1.15,q=0.80,Anderson Grüneisen parameter δT=3.76 and thermal expansion,α0=2.93×10^-5 K^-*** to room temperature,where V0=750.80 A3,γ0 and α0 become 1.11 and 2.47×10^-5 K^-*** elastic properties of pyrope are found to be nearly isotropic at transition zone conditions.

关键词： AIMD thermo-elasticity pyrope high pressure.

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