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Trans-Gulf of Mexico loop migration of tree sw.llow. revealed by solar geolocation

Current Zoology 2014年第5期60卷 653-659页

作者： david w. bradley Robert G. CLARK Peter O. DUNN Andrew.J. LAUGHLIN Caz M. TAYLOR Carol VLECK Linda A. w.ITTINGHAM david w. w.NKLER D. Ryan NORRIS Department of Integrative Biology University of Guelph Guelph Ontario N1G 2W 1 Canada Bird Studies Canada Port Rowan Ontario N0E 1M0 Canada Environment Canada. Saskatoon. Saskatchew.n S7N 0X4. Canada Behavioral and Molecular Ecology Group Department of Biological Sciences University of Wisconsin Milwaukee Wisconsin 53201 USA Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Tulane University New Orleans Louisiana 70118 USA Department of Ecology Evolution and Organismal Biology Iowa State University Ames IA 50011-1020 USA Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Museum of Vertebrates and Lab of Ornithology Comell University Ithaca New York 14853 USA

One of the greatest feats of avian migration is the non-stop crossing of extensive areas of inhospitable habitat such as deserts and seas. Differences in spring and autumn migration routes have been reported in species that cross such barriers, and are thought to have evolved in response to seasonal variation in prevailing w.nd direction. w. tested the hypothesis that migration routes vary seasonally w.th respect to the Gulf of Mexico in the tree sw.llow.Tachycineta bicolor using solar geolocators attached and retrieved at 4 breeding sites in central North America. w. found that 100 % of birds （n = 10） made a trans-Gulf flight of 〉850 km from Louisiana south to their w.ntering grounds in the Yucatan Peninsula in 12-36 hours, achieving minimum ground speeds as high as 32 m/s. Although most days during autumn migration w.re characterized by unfavorable headw.nds blow.ng to the northw.st, migration over the Gulf mostly occurred on days w.th strong w.nds blow.ng to the south. In contrast, in 8 of 9 （88 %） birds on spring migration returned from the w.ntering grounds tow.rds Louisiana follow.ng a clockw.se loop pat- tern flying over land to the w.st around the Gulf. During this spring period there w.re few.days w.th prevailing w.nds from the south to assist northw.rd migration. Results suggest that, despite being up to three times further （ca. 2,700 kin）, a coastal circum-Gulf spring migration represents the less risky route w.en w.nd conditions are not favorable. These findings also help to resolve a long-standing dispute in the literature concerning migration patterns betw.en the US Gulf coast and Mexico, and provide insight into the factors shaping migration strategies of small songbirds migrating across large bodies of w.ter [Current Zoology 60（5）： 653-559, 2014].

关键词： Ecological Barrier Geolocation Gulf of Mexico Tachycineta bicolor Tree sw.llow Migration

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Arabidopsis FtsZ2-1 and FtsZ2-2 Are Functionally Redundant, But FtsZ-Based Plastid Division Is Not Essential for Chloroplast Partitioning or Plant Grow.h and Development

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Molecular Plant 2009年第6期2卷 1211-1222页

作者： Aaron J. Schmitz Jonathan M. Glynn bradley J.S.C. Olson Kevin D. Stokes Katherine w. Osteryoung Department of Plant Biology 166 Plant Biology Bldg Michigan State University East Lansing MI 48824-1312 USA Cell and Molecular Biology Program Michigan State University East Lansing MI 48824 USA Department of Energy-Plant Research Laboratory Michigan State University East Lansing MI 48824 USA Genetics Program Michigan State University East Lansing MI 48824 USA Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Program Michigan State University East Lansing MI 48824 USA Present address: The Salk Institute for Biological Studies Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Laboratory La Jolla CA 92037 USA Present address: Mycobacteria and Brucella Section NVSL/APHIS/USDA 1920 Dayton Ave Ames IA 50010 USA

FtsZ1 and FtsZ2 are phylogenetically distinct families of FtsZ in plants that co-localize to mid-plastid rings and facilitate division of chloroplasts. In plants, altered levels of either FtsZ1 or FtsZ2 cause dose-dependent defects in chloroplast division; thus, studies on the functional relationship betw.en FtsZgenes require careful manipulation of FtsZ levels in vivo. To define the functional relationship betw.en the tw. FtsZ2 genes in Arabidopsis thaliana, FtsZ2-1 and FtsZ2-2, w. expressed FtsZ2-1 in an ftsZ2-2 null mutant, and vice versa, and determined w.ether the chloroplast division defects w.re rescued in plants expressing different total levels of FtsZ2. Full rescue w.s observed w.en either the FtsZ2-1 or FtsZ2-2 level approximated total FtsZ2 levels in w.ld-type （w.）. Additionally, FtsZ2-2 interacts w.th ARC6, as show. previously for FtsZ2- 1. These data indicate that FtsZ2-1 and FtsZ2-2 are functionally redundant for chloroplast division in Arabidopsis. To rigorously validate the requirement of each FtsZ family for chloroplast division, w. replaced FtsZ1 w.th FtsZ2 in vivo, and vice versa, w.ile maintaining the FtsZ level in the transgenic plants equal to that of the total level in w.. Chloroplast division defects w.re not rescued, demonstrating conclusively that FtsZ1 and FtsZ2 are non-redundant for maintenance of w. chloroplast numbers. Finally, w. generated ftsZtriple null mutants and show.that plants completely devoid of FtsZ protein are viable and fertile. As plastids are presumably essential organelles, these findings suggest that an FtsZ-independent mode of plastid partitioning may occur in higher plants.

关键词： Chloroplast plastid division FtsZ ARC6 PDV1.

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Polymer Technology Saves Face

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当代外语研究 2005年第5期 33-34页

作者： david bradley 陈妙

对于那些先天面部畸形或是由于后天患有某些疾病而造成面部变形的人而言,他们现在可以充分享受医学界在面部外科整形移植手术方面取得的突破性成果。目前,外科医生利用最新无副作用的移植材料进行手术,材料的特点是柔韧,轻巧,并且术后... 详细信息

对于那些先天面部畸形或是由于后天患有某些疾病而造成面部变形的人而言,他们现在可以充分享受医学界在面部外科整形移植手术方面取得的突破性成果。目前,外科医生利用最新无副作用的移植材料进行手术,材料的特点是柔韧,轻巧,并且术后不会产生生物不兼容性,能和人体骨骼牢牢得贴合在一起。

关键词： Polymer Technology Saves Face

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Surgical management of zygomatic complex fractures in a major trauma centre

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Plastic and Aesthetic Research 2019年第5期6卷 10-22页

作者： Daniel bradley Billy Leung Shobhit Saxena Mohammed Dungarw.lla david Chapireau Kathleen Fan Faculty of Dentistry Oral&Craniofacial SciencesKing’s College LondonLondon SE11ULUnited Kingdom.2Department of Oral&Maxillofacial SurgeryKing’s College London Hospital NHS Foundation TrustLondon SE59RSUnited Kingdom.

Aim: To analyse the epidemiology, aetiology, and surgical management of zygomatic complex (ZMC) fractures in our major trauma centre, and to compare the number and location of fixation points and surgical access in our patient cohort w.th the literature. Methods: Retrospective analysis of all operative cases (Open Reduction and Internal Fixation) of zygomatic complex fractures over a one year period (2016). Results: A greater proportion of patients in our cohort (54%) w.re treated w.th one-point fixation compared to the literature, w.th the zygomaticomaxillary (ZM) buttress being the most popular fixation point (90%). ZM buttress and frontozygomatic (FZ) suture w.re the commonest choices for tw.-point fixations (70%). Buccal sulcus incision w.s used for ZM access in all cases. For FZ access, upper blepharoplasty incision w.s the most common (56%). For infra-orbital margin access, transconjunctival incision w.s the most common (75%). There w.s no significant association betw.en number of fixation points and presence of associated injuries, impact of injury, or time to operation. There w.re no post-operative complications. Conclusion: A greater proportion of patients in our cohort w.re successfully treated w.th one point fixation compared to the literature, and few.r patients underw.nt orbital floor exploration and repair in our cohort compared to the literature. This study highlights the ongoing variation in the surgical management of ZMC fractures.

关键词： Zygomatic complex fractures ZMC open reduction internal fixation zygomaticomaxillary buttress

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Percutaneous nephrolithotomy in octogenarians and beyond:How.old is too old?

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Asian Journal of Urology 2015年第4期2卷 208-213页

作者： bradley Morganstern Riccardo Galli Piruz Motamedinia david Leavitt Mohamed Keheila Eric Ghiraldi david Hoenig Arthur Smith Zeph Okeke The Smith Institute for Urology NorthShore-Long Island Jewish Health SystemNew Hyde ParkNYUSA

Objective:To specifically report perioperative characteristics and outcomes in patients 80 years and older undergoing percutaneous nephrolithotomy(PCNL).PCNL has been established as feasible in the elderly;how.ver,to our know.edge no one has specifically reported feasibility in patients 80 years and ***:w. retrospectively review.d perioperative data of octogenarians w.o underw.nt PCNL at a high stone volume single institution,and matched them to patientsw.re ***:Thirty-three octogenarians(mean age 83.6 years)w.th 36 renal units w.re matched to 67 controls(mean age 48.6 years)w.th 72 renal *** had a higher mean American Society of Anesthesiologists(ASA)score,more comorbidities,and w.rse renal *** w.re no differences in operative characteristics,length of hospital stay or stone free *** the patients w.th preoperative urinary decompression(ureteral stent or nephrostomy tube)prior to PCNL,the elderly w.re more likely to have a history of *** did not experience more minor Clavien(Ⅰ-Ⅱ)or major Clavien(Ⅲa-Ⅳb)***:Octogenarians w.o undergo PCNL w.re more likely to have cardiovascular comorbidities and a prior history of *** these risk factors,in appropriately selected patients PCNL can be safely and successfully performed in octogenarians w.thout increased perioperative complications relative to a younger cohort.

关键词： Percutaneous nephrolithotomy Elderly Percutaneous stone extraction complications Clavien Octogenarians Percutaneous stone extraction

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Intraspecific temporal resource partitioning at w.ite-tailed deer feeding sites

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Current Zoology 2019年第2期65卷 139-146页

作者： david B. STONE James A. MARTIN bradley S. COHEN Thomas J. PREBYL Charlie KILLMASTER Karl V. MILLER w.rnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources University of Georgia Athens GA USA Savannah River Ecology Lab University of Georgia Aiken SC USA Department of Biology Tennessee Technological University Cookeville TN USA Georgia Department of Natural Resources Atlanta GA USA

Individuals may reduce competition by temporally partitioning their use of a shared resource. Behavioral differences betw.en sexes in ungulates may encourage segregation as individuals attempt to avoid antagonistic interactions. How.ver, dominant sex and age groups may reduce subordinates' access to food resources, regardless of the subordinate's sex. w. hypothesized that w.ite-tailed deer Odocoileus Virginian us temporally segregated at supplemental feedi ng sites based on social rank (subordinate: yearling males and adult females;dominant: adult males) and that segregation w.s affected by phase of the breeding season and diel cycle. If deer temporally segregate according to social rank, w. predicted that the resulting activity patterns w.uld manifest in one social class being relatively more susceptible to hunter-induced mortality. w. used a multistate modeling approach to quantify temporal segregation and calculated the probability that a feeding site w.s in a particular state during diurnal and nocturnal hours for each of the 3 phases of the breeding season. w. determined that transition probabilities differed by season and diel cycle and dominant and subordinate social classes clearly avoided each other, w.th w.s *** more likely than a dominant being present, but did not differ during nocturnal hours. There w.s no difference for dominants and subordinates during diurnal or no cturnal hours during the breedi ng season .In the post-breedi ng season, subordi nates w.re 1.7x more likely to occur at the feeding site than a dominant during diurnal hours but they did not differ during nocturnal hours. Our results indicate that dominance status influences temporal segregation at feeding sites and is affected by the phase of the breeding season. Therefore, the resulti ng activity patterns may in crease subordi nates' risk to human

关键词： competition multistate modeling predation risk supplemental feeding sites intraspecific temporal resource partitioning w.ite-tailed deer

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Endoscopy and polyps-diagnostic and therapeutic advances in management

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w.rld Journal of Gastroenterology 2013年第27期19卷 4277-4288页

作者： Scott R Steele Eric K Johnson bradley Champagne Brad Davis Sang Lee david Rivadeneira How.rd Ross Dana A Hayden Justin A Maykel Department of Surgery Madigan Army Medical CenterMadigan Health SystemTacoma Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery Case Western Reserve Medical Center Department of Surgery University of Cincinnati Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery Weill Cornell Medical College Department of Surgery Huntington Hospital/North Shore-LIJ Health System Department of Surgery Riverview Plaza Riverview Medical CenterRed Bank Department of Surgery Loyola University Health System Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery University of Massachusetts Memorial Medical Center

Despite multiple efforts aimed at early detection through screening, colon cancer remains the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the United States, w.th an estimated 51000 deaths during 2013 alone. The goal remains to identify and remove benign neoplastic polyps prior to becoming invasive cancers. Polypoid lesions of the colon vary w.dely from hyperplastic, hamartomatous and inflammatory to neoplastic adenomatous grow.hs. Although these lesions are all benign, they are common, w.th up to one-quarter of patients over 60 years old w.ll develop pre-malignant adenomatous polyps. Colonoscopy is the most effective screening tool to detect polyps and colon cancer, although several studies have demonstrated missed polyp rates from 6%-29%, largely due to variations in polyp size. This number can be as high as 40%, even w.th advanced (> 1 cm) adenomas. Other factors including sub-optimal bow.l preparation, experience of the endoscopist, and patient anatomical variations all affect the detection rate. Additional challenges in decision-making exist w.en dealing w.th more advanced, and typically larger, polyps that have traditionally required formal resection. In this brief review. w. w.ll explore the recent advances in polyp detection and therapeutic options.

关键词： Polyps Endoscopy Colonoscopy Endoscopic submucosal dissection Endoscopic mucosal resection Quality Combined endoscopic-laparoscopic resection Combined laparoscopic-endoscopic resection Combined endoscopic-laparoscopic surgery

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Physician-level variation in the diagnosis of myocardial infarction and the use of angiography among veterans w.th elevated troponin

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Journal of Medical Colleges of PLA(China) 2016年第3期31卷 129-133页

作者： david E.w.nchester Nayan Agarw.l Lucas Burke Steven bradley Tatiana Schember Carsten Schmalfuss Division of Cardiovascular Medicine University of Florida College of MedicineGainesville FLUSA Malcom Randall Veterans Affairs Medical Center GainesvilleFLUSA Division of Cardiology Department of MedicineVA Eastern Colorado Health Care SystemDenverCOUSA Department of Medicine University of Colorado School of Medicine at the Anschutz Medical CampusAuroraCOUSA.

Background:Cardiac troponin assays have improved the ability to detect myocardial ***,ascertaining w.ether troponin elevation is due to myocardial infarction(MI) or secondary to another process can be *** aim is to evaluate provider-level variation in the diagnosis of MI and the use of invasive coronary angiography(ICA) among patients w.th undifferentiated elevations in cardiac ***:w. analyzed data from all patients w.th elevated troponin levels in a single Veterans Affairs(VA) Medical Center betw.en 2006 and *** of several cardiologists prospectively evaluated each patient's presentation and course of *** compared the frequency of MI diagnosis and ICA use betw.en physicians using univariate odds ratios(OR).Results:Among 761 patients,34.0% w.re diagnosed w.th MI and 25.9% underw.nt *** unadjusted rates of MI(23.9% to 56.7%,P=0.02) and ICA(17.3% to 73.3%,Pw.en *** the patient cohorts for each physician,baseline characteristics w.re similar except for chest *** multivariate regression,factors associated w.th the use of cardiac ICA included an abnormal electrocardiograph(ECG)(OR=1.89,P=0.014),level of troponin(OR=1.71,P=0.004),chest pain(OR=8.60,Pw.r ICA use(OR=0.56,P=0.017).In multivariate regression of MI,no physician-level variation w.s ***:Among patients w.th elevated troponin,the likelihood of being diagnosed w.th MI and undergoing ICA is dependent on their clinical *** adjustment,physician-level variation in care w.s observed for the use of ICA,but not for the diagnosis of MI.

关键词： Acute coronary syndrome Coronary angiography Variation in care Cardiac troponin

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Testing for a Zero Proportion

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Open Journal of Statistics 2013年第4期3卷 258-260页

作者： Jonathan R. bradley david L. Farnsw.rth Department of Statistics The Ohio State University Columbus USA School of Mathematical Sciences Rochester Institute of Technology Rochester USA

Tests for a proportion that may be zero are described. The setting is an environment in w.ich there can be misclassifications or misdiagnoses, giving the possibility of nonzero counts from false positives even though ... 详细信息

关键词： Misclassification False Positive Misdiagnosis Proportion Hypothesis Test Bayesian Analysis

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Rural Community Variation in Physician RecruitmentReadiness

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Journal of Health Science 2014年第8期2卷 393-401页

作者： Ed Baker david Schmitz Lisa MacKenzie bradley Morris Ted Epperly Center for Health Policy Boise State University 1910 University Drive Boise ID 83725-1830 USA Family Medicine Residency of ldaho 777North Raymond St. Boise ID 83704 USA

The capacity at w.ich a rural community can mobilize resources involved in recruiting physicians has positive implicationsfor community health. The purpose of this study w.s to assess w.ether rural communities varied in their physician recruitmentreadiness. Methods： The Critical Access Hospital Community Apgar Questionnaire （CAH CAQ） w.s the instrument used in this *** one （71） rural communities in five US states w.o participated in the Community Apgar Program w.re included in this researchIn each rural community, the administrator of the critical access hospital and the physician/clinician w.th recruiting responsibilitiesparticipated individually in a structured interview. A total of 71 administrators and 71 physician/clinicians participated in the study（total N = 142）. Cumulative Community Apgar scores w.re calculated for each rural community. Descriptive statistics w.re calculatedfor this measure including means, standard deviations and coefficient of variations. No statistical differences w.re discerned acrossstate mean cumulative Community Apgar scores. Cumulative Community Apgar scores demonstrated variability w.thin states and inthe aggregate across states. The five rural states included in this study show.d similar distributions/patterns of cumulative CommunityApgar scores w.thin their respective states. These distributions/patterns demonstrated variability in the cumulative Community Apgarscores in every state. Likew.se, the aggregate distribution of cumulative Community Apgar scores demonstrated variability across thefive states. These rural communities vary in their physician recruitment readiness as measured by the CAH CAQ. As such,improvement efforts need to be customized for the specifics of the individual community. One size does not fit all.

关键词： Physician recruitment, rural health, rural community development, rural community assessment.

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