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Frontiers in Biology 2018年第4期13卷 287-292页

作者： david t. Harris Executive Director Biorepository University of Arizona PO Box 245221. AHSC 6122 Tucson AZ 85724 USA

BACKGROUND： the ＂Era of Big Data＂ and ＂Precision Medicine＂ is now upon us. that is, interrogation of large data sets obtained from groups of similar patients or from the patient themselves over time will now hypothetically permit therapies to be designed to provide maximal efficacy with minimal side effects. However, such discoveries depend upon recruitment of very large numbers of subjects （tens of thousands） along with their associated biospecimens and medical records. When considering the establishment of a biobank or the refocusing of an existing repository for the purpose of＂omics＂ research （i.e., genomics, metabolomics, proteomics, microbiomics, etc.） and/or precision medicine, there are a number of considerations to ponder. Each of these facets is discussed. OBJECtIVE： the objective of this review is to describe best practices for the establishment and operations ofa biobank that will be used for omics （genomics, proteomics, metabolomics, microbiomics） analyses based on published literature and our own practical experiences. MEtHODS： We describe the most commonly described approaches to a variety of biobanking issues, including our own practical experiences over the past 5 years. RESULtS： Based on the particular biobanking situation and downstream application, we have described best practices based on the literature and own experience, taking into consideration ease of application and costs. CONCLUSIONS： the banking of various types of clinical biospecimens has many valuable uses but often depends on overall costs versus sample utility. In addition, specimen flexibility is important but is influenced by the ease or difficulty of the application. It is always preferable to collect and stored a biospecimen in a format that allows for multiple types of downstream analyses, but that often requires additional expertise, equipment and reagents that can increase overall costs. We have described the methodologies most successfully applied to many situations.

关键词： biobanking genomics metabolomics microbiomics methodology precision medicine big data

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Super-hydrophobic stearic acid layer formed on anodized high purified magnesium for improving corrosion resistance of bioabsorbable implants

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2018年第4期6卷 327-336页

作者： Sohrab Khalifeh t.david Burleigh Materials&Metallurgical Engineering Department New Mexico Institute of Mining&TechnologySocorroNM 87123USA

Magnesium and its alloys are ideal candidates for bioabsorbable ***,they can dissolve too rapidly in the human body for most *** this research,high purified magnesium(HP-Mg)was coated with stearic acid(SA)to slow the corrosion rate of magnesium in simulated body fluid at 37±1°***-Mg was anodized(AC and DC voltages)to form an oxide/hydroxide layer,and then it was immersed in a SA *** SA coated layer surface,anodized layer,and the thickness of the oxide/hydroxide layer were investigated with Scanning Electron Microscopy(SEM).Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS)and potentiodynamic polarization(PDP)were used to estimate the corrosion rate of HP-Mg *** results confirm that the hydrophobic coating can decrease the corrosion rate of HP-Mg by more than *** protectiveness of coated layer for anodized specimens with AC voltage continue for 2 and 3 *** the HP-Mg coated anodized with DC voltage,the coated layer could improve the corrosion resistance for only a few days.

关键词： Magnesium Biomaterials Hydrophobic layer Stearic acid Simulated body fluid Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy

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Quality measures of reconstruction filters for stereoscopic volume rendering

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Computational Visual Media 2016年第1期2卷 19-30页

作者： david A.t.Roberts Ioannis Ivrissimtzis School of Engineering and Computing Sciences Durham University

In direct volume rendering(DVR), the choice of reconstruction filter can have a significant effect on the visual appearance of the images produced and thus, on the perceived quality of a DVR rendered scene. this paper presents the results of a subjective experiment where participants stereoscopically viewed DVR rendered scenes and rated their subjective *** statistical analysis of the results focuses on the relationship between the quality of the stereoscopic scene and properties of the filters such as post-aliasing and smoothing, as well as the relationship between the quality of the stereoscopic scene and properties of the rendered images such as shape *** experiment evaluated five reconstruction filters on four different volumetric datasets. Participants rated the stereoscopic scenes on four quality measures:depth quality, depth layout, lack of jaggyness, and sharpness. the results show that the correlation between the quality measures and post-aliasing and smoothing, which are properties associated with each reconstruction filter, is moderate and statistically insignificant. On the other hand, the correlation between the quality measures and compactness, which is a property specific to each rendered image, is strong and statistically significant.

关键词： direct volume rendering(DVR) reconstruction filters stereoscopic user evaluations

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Modeling of cable vibration effects of cable-stayed bridges

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Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration 2002年第1期1卷 74-85页

作者： S.H.Cheng david t.Lau Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Carleton UniversityOttawaOntarioCanadaPost-doctoral fellow Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Carleton UniversityOttawaOntarioCanada Professor

the analysis of dynamic responses of cable-stayed bridges subjected to wind and earthquake loads generally considers only the motions of the bridge deck and *** influence of the stay cable vibration on the responses of the bridge is either ignored or considered by approximate *** transverse vibration of the stay cables,which can be significant in some cases,are usually neglected in previous *** the present study,a new three-node cable element has been developed to model the transverse motions of the *** interactions between the cable behavior and the other parts of the bridge superstructure are considered by the concept of dynamic *** nonlinear effect of the cable caused by its self-weight is included in the *** examples are presented to demonstrate the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed model. the impact of cable vibration behavior on the dynamic characteristics of cable-stayed bridges is discussed.

关键词： cable-stayed bridges cable vibration dynamics finite elements long-span structures

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Response of endemic afroalpine rodents to the removal of livestock grazing pressure

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Current Zoology 2011年第6期57卷 741-750页

作者： Flavie VIAL david W. MACDONALD Daniel t. HAYDON Boyd Orr Centre for Population and Ecosystem Health Institute of Biodiversity Animal Health and Comparative Medicine College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences University of Glasgow Glasgow G12 8QQ UK. Wildlife Conservation Research Unit Zoology Department University of Oxford The Recanati-Kaplan Centre Tubney House Tubney OX13 5QL UK.

the Bale Mountains of Ethiopia represent the world＇s largest continuous extent of afroalpine habitat. With a peak combined density of over 8000 individuals/km2, the endemic giant mole rat tachyoryctes macrocephalus, Blick＇s grass rat Arvi- canthis blicki and the brush-furred mouse Lophuromys melanonyx are the dominant wild herbivores within this ecosystem and may be affected by the presence of high densities of domestic livestock. the purpose of this study was to establish whether these endemic rodent populations could respond to the removal of grazing pressure inside three 0.25 hectare livestock exclosures （paired with grazed control plots） and to determine whether such response was mediated through concomitant changes in the vegetation structure. We hypothesised that livestock grazing negatively affects endemic rodent populations through competition or increased predation risk and we predicted an increase in rodent biomass following the removal of grazing pressure. We found no evidence of rodent populations responding to the removal of livestock after fourteen months. the short-term nature of the ex- perimental design, environmental fluctuations and the ecosystem＇s inherent stochasticity may explain the apparent lack of a sig- nificant response. However, while this study is inconclusive, it emphasises the need for more long-term experimental investiga- tions to assess the effects of domestic grazers on vegetation and on dependent communities. the effects of rapidly increasing livestock numbers in the Bale Mountains will require continued close monitoring of vegetation and endemic animal communities as the afroalpine is altered by external biotic and abiotic forces .

关键词： Afroalpine Bale Mountains Exclosures Livestock grazing Murid rodents

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the Golden Spike Still Glitters:the(Re)construction of a Global Chronostratigraphy

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2019年第S1期93卷 24-27页

作者： david A.t.HARPER Palaeoecosystems Group Department of Earth SciencesDurham UniversityDurham DH13LEUK

1 Introduction Stratigraphy,placing the sequence of events in Earth history into order,is a fundamental part of the *** the starting point is a regional stratigraphy,based on lithological,mappable units,correlated by fossils with local,regional and global chronostratigraphical *** units were traditionally defined on their fossil content,as essentially unit ***,commonly there were no clear boundaries.

关键词： stratigraphy biostratigraphy GSSPs milankovitch cycles timescale

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Molecular detection of pancreatic neoplasia: Current status and future promise

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2015年第40期21卷 11387-11395页

作者： Shounak Majumder Suresh t Chari david A Ahlquist Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Mayo ClinicRochesterMN 55905United States

Pancreatic cancer is usually diagnosed at an advanced stage and curative resection is feasible in only a small minority of patients at the time of diagnosis. Diagnosis at an early stage is unequivocally associated with better long-term survival. Several candidate molecular markers for early detection are currently under investigation in different phases of discovery and validation. Recent advances in the technology for whole genome,methylome,ribonucleome,and proteome interrogation has enabled rapid advancements in the field of biomarker discovery. In this review we discuss the current status of molecular markers for detection of pancreatic cancer in blood,pancreatic cyst fluid,pancreatic juice and stool and briefly highlight some promising preliminary results of new approaches that have the potential of advancing this field in the near future.

关键词： Early detection of cancer Sensitivity and specific

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Use of non-timber forest products from invasive alien Prosopis species(mesquite) and native trees in South Africa: implications for management

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Forest Ecosystems 2015年第3期2卷 197-207页

作者： Ross t Shackleton david C Le Maitre Brian W van Wilgen david M Richardson Centre for Invasion Biology Department of Botany and ZoologyStellenbosch University Centre for Invasion Biology Natural Resources and the EnvironmentCSIR

Background: Prosopis species have been introduced to many areas outside their native range to provide benefits to local communities. Several Prosopis species and their hybrids(hereafter "mesquite") have, however, become naturalised and invasive and now generate substantial costs. Management options are limited because of the complex conflicts of interest regarding benefits and costs. Management policies and strategies must take account of such conflicts, but further insights are needed on the dimensions of uses and impacts before such information can be usefully applied. Current policy in South Africa allows for the growth and use of mesquite in one province,but not in others where its control is mandatory. We report on a study to quantify the direct use and perceptions of non-timber forest products(NtFPs) from mesquite and native trees in South ***: Semi-structures household interviews were conducted with various stakeholder groups to identify what tree products are used, to ascertain amounts used as well as to gauge perceptions of natural resource use between different tree species and use over ***: the direct household use value of native trees was higher than that of mesquite, and local stakeholders attached greater value to products from native trees than from mesquite. therefore, native trees are and will still be preferentially harvested, and mesquite is unlikely to offer protection to native species by providing an alternative source of products. Mesquite pods do, however, provide valuable additional resources(fodder and medicinal products). the use of both native trees and mesquite is decreasing as the incomes of poorer households rise and as alternative energy sources become available. the benefits and reliance on mesquite are not as high as previously assumed and the impacts from mesquite invasions create large problems for local ***: this study provides further evidence that the impacts of mesquite exceed the benefi

关键词： Biological invasions Conflicts of interests Cost v

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Generalized Norm Optimal Iterative Learning Control with Intermediate Point and Sub-interval tracking

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International Journal of Automation and computing 2015年第3期12卷 243-253页

作者： david H.Owens Chris t.Freeman Bing Chu Department of Automatic Control and Systems Engineering University of Sheffield School of Electronics and Computer Science University of Southampton Advanced Robotics Division Italian Institute of Technology

Norm optimal iterative learning control(NOILC) has recently been applied to iterative learning control(ILC) problems in which tracking is only required at a subset of isolated time points along the trial duration. this problem addresses the practical needs of many applications, including industrial automation, crane control, satellite positioning and motion control within a medical stroke rehabilitation context. this paper provides a substantial generalization of this framework by providing a solution to the problem of convergence at intermediate points with simultaneous tracking of subsets of outputs to reference trajectories on subintervals. this formulation enables the NOILC paradigm to tackle tasks which mix "point to point" movements with linear tracking requirements and hence substantially broadens the application domain to include automation tasks which include welding or cutting movements, or human motion control where the movement is restricted by the task to straight line and/or planar segments. A solution to the problem is presented in the framework of NOILC and inherits NOILC s well-defined convergence properties. Design guidelines and supporting experimental results are included.

关键词： Iterative learning control learning control optimization linear systems robotics.

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Randomness in the Hybrid Modeling and Simulation of Insulin Secretion Pathways in Pancreatic Islets

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tsinghua Science and technology 2015年第5期20卷 441-452页

作者： Yang Pu david C.Samuels Layne t.Watson Yang Cao the Department of Computer Science Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University the Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics Vanderbilt University

Insulin secreted by pancreatic islet ˇ-cells is the principal regulating hormone of glucose *** of insulin secretion may cause glucose to accumulate in the blood, and result in diabetes *** deterministic models of the insulin secretion pathway have been developed, the stochastic aspect of this biological pathway has not been explored. the first step in this direction presented here is a hybrid model of the insulin secretion pathway, in which the delayed rectifying KCchannels are treated as stochastic events. this hybrid model can not only reproduce the oscillation dynamics as the deterministic model does, but can also capture stochastic dynamics that the deterministic model does not. to measure the insulin oscillation system behavior, a probability-based measure is proposed and applied to test the effectiveness of a new remedy.

关键词： insulin secretion mathematical modeling hybrid model and simulation stochastic dynamics

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