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Narrowing the focus:Therapeutic cell surface targets for refractory triple-negative breast cancer

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World Journal of Clinical Oncology 2020年第4期11卷 169-179页

作者： Narges K Tafreshi david L Morse Marie Catherine Lee Department of Cancer Physiology Moffitt Cancer CenterTampaFL 33612United States Department of Physics University of South FloridaTampaFL 33612United States Division of Oncologic Sciences University of South FloridaTampaFL 33612 FLUnited States Comprehensive Breast Program Moffitt Cancer CenterTampaFL 33612United States

Triple-negative breast cancer(TNBC)is defined as a type of breast cancer with lack of expression of estrogen receptor,progesterone receptor and human epidermal growth factor 2 *** comparison to other types of breast cancer,TNBC characterizes for its aggressive behavior,more prone to early recurrence and a disease with poor response to molecular target *** TNBC is identified in only 25%-30%of American breast cancer cases annually,these tumors continue to be a therapeutic challenge for clinicians for several reasons:Tumor heterogeneity,limited and toxic systemic therapy options,and often resistance to current standard therapy,characterized by progressive disease on treatment,residual tumor after cytotoxic chemotherapy,and early recurrence after complete surgical ***-surface targeted therapies have been successful for breast cancer in general,however there are currently no approved cell-surface targeted therapies specifically indicated for ***,several cell-surface targets have been identified as candidates for treatment of TNBC and associated targeted therapies are in *** purpose of this work is to review the current clinical challenges posed by TNBC,the therapeutic approaches currently in use,and provide an overview of developing cell surface targeting approaches to improve outcomes for treatment resistant TNBC.

关键词： Breast cancer Triple negative Biomarker Cell surface Targeted therapy Chemorefractory

Virtual Pitch and Pitch Shifts in Church Bells

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Open Journal of Acoustics 2017年第3期7卷 52-68页

作者： William A. Hibbert Shahram Taherzadeh david B. Sharp School of Engineering and Innovation Open University Milton Keynes UK

It is well established that musical sounds comprising multiple partials with frequencies approximately in the ratio of small integers give rise to a strong sensation of pitch even if the lowest or fundamental partial is missing—the so-called virtual pitch effect. Experiments on thirty test subjects demonstrate that this virtual pitch is shifted significantly by changes in the spacing of the constituent partials. The experiments measured pitch by comparison of sounds of similar timbre and were automated so that they could be performed remotely across the Internet. Analysis of the test sounds used shows that the pitch shifts are not predicted by Terhardt’s classic model of virtual pitch. The test sounds used were modelled on the sounds of church bells, but a further experiment on seventeen test subjects showed that changes in partial amplitude only had a minor effect on the pitch shifts observed, and that a pitch shift was still observed when two of the lowest frequency partials were removed, so that the effects reported are of general interest.

关键词： Virtual Pitch Pitch Measurement Church Bell Missing Fundamental Residue Pitch Pitch Shift

Spatiotemporal Analysis of Land Use Land Cover Mapping and Change Detection in Dambatta Local Government Area

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Journal of Geographical Research 2023年第3期6卷 18-28页

作者： david Sesugh Aule Mamman Saba Jibril Ali Hussain Idris Department of Geography Nigerian Defence AcademyKadunaPMB 2109Nigeria Nigerian Airforce Headquarters AbujaPMB 0244Nigeria

This research studied the spatiotemporal changes in land use(LU)/land cover(LC)in Dambatta local government area,with a view to identifying the effect arising from the observable changes in land use *** imageries used in the study were obtained from the National Space Research and Development Agency(NARSDA),*** analytical techniques and descriptive statistical techniques were employed to analyze the *** results showed 66.8%reduction in agricultural lands,45.5%reduction in vegetation cover,223.2%increase in built-up areas,269.1%increase in bare lands and 70%increase in water bodies within the 20 ***-temporal analysis of the three imageries revealed that agricultural lands were largely been taken over by urbanization while vegetation had rapidly given way to bare lands within the 20 *** was observed that these changes resulted from anthropogenic activities,environmental factors and climate *** result in the loss of farmlands,inadequate food supply,unemployment,inadequate industrial raw materials,reduction in revenue generated,forest depletion,desertification,wildlife extinction and temperature *** it is recommended that reforestation,land reclamation and irrigation agriculture should be promoted in the area,it is also suggested that further research should focus on the impact of climate change on land cover change in the area.

关键词： Dambatta GIS Land cover Land use Spatio-temporal changes

Gastrointestinal endoscopy in the pregnant woman

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 2014年第5期6卷 156-167页

作者： david Friedel Stavros Stavropoulos Shahzad Iqbal Mitchell S Cappel Division of Gastroenterology Winthrop Medical Center Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology William Beaumont Hospital Oakland University Wiliiam Beaumont School of Medicine

About 20000 gastrointestinal endoscopies are performed annually in America in pregnant women. Gastrointestinal endoscopy during pregnancy raises the critical issue of fetal safety in addition to patient safety. Endoscopic medications may be potentially abortifacient or teratogenic. Generally, Food and Drug Administration category B or C drugs should be used for endoscopy. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy(EGD) seems to be relatively safe for both mother and fetus based on two retrospective studies of 83 and 60 pregnant patients. The diagnostic yield is about 95% when EGD is performed for gastrointestinal bleeding. EGD indications during pregnancy include acute gastrointestinal bleeding, dysphagia > 1 wk, or endoscopic therapy. Therapeutic EGD is experimental due to scant data, but should be strongly considered for urgent indications such as active bleeding. One study of 48 sigmoidoscopies performed during pregnancy showed relatively favorable fetal outcomes, rare bad fetal outcomes, and bad outcomes linked to very sick mothers. Sigmoidoscopy should be strongly considered for strong indications,including significant acute lower gastrointestinal bleeding, chronic diarrhea, distal colonic stricture, suspected inflammatory bowel disease flare, and potential colonic malignancy. Data on colonoscopy during pregnancy are limited. One study of 20 pregnant patients showed rare poor fetal outcomes. Colonoscopy is generally experimental during pregnancy, but can be considered for strong indications: known colonic mass/stricture, active lower gastrointestinal bleeding, or colonoscopic therapy. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP) entails fetal risks from fetal radiation exposure. ERCP risks to mother and fetus appear to be acceptable when performed for ERCP therapy, as demonstrated by analysis of nearly 350 cases during pregnancy. Justifiable indications include symptomatic or complicated choledocholithiasis, manifested by jaundice, cholangitis, gallstone pancreatitis,

关键词： Gastrointestinal endoscopy Esophagogastroduodenoscopy Flexible sigmoidoscopy Colonoscopy Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography Teratogenicity Endoscopic indications Endoscopy safety Endoscopic complications Pregnancy

An Assessment of Occupational Health and Safety Regulations in Ghana: A Study of the Construction Industry

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Journal of Building Construction and Planning Research 2019年第2期7卷 11-31页

作者： Alex Kojo Eyiah Nongiba Alkanam Kheni Peter david Quartey Department of Built Environment Pentecost University College Accra Ghana Department of Construction and Wood Technology Education College of Technology Education of University of Education Winneba Kumasi Ghana Nichona Construction Limited Mamprobi-Accra Accra Ghana

Occupational health and safety continues to be a major component of the built environment. The study investigates the effectiveness of occupational health and safety laws and regulations in the construction industry in Ghana and identifies the influencing factors. Face-to-face interviews were conducted among 49 stakeholders from four relevant groups—regulatory institutions, consultants, contractors, artisans and labourers. The findings of the study suggest that the existing occupational health and safety legal and regulatory framework is barely effective. Stakeholders were aware of the existence of some laws and regulations but mostly could not identify the specific laws and their relevant contents. Consequently, compliance is found to be irregular. The key recurring factors affecting effectiveness of occupational health and safety laws and regulations include: negligence and lack of priority for occupational health and safety, lack of training, lack of funds for occupational health and safety, lack of capacity of regulatory and supervisory institutions, and lack of occupational health and safety education within construction firms. The findings of the study are foundational in strategic interventions aimed at improving compliance with occupational health and safety laws and regulations in the construction industry of Ghana.

关键词： Occupational Health and Safety Regulations Institutions Stakeholders Construction Ghana

The impact of ipsilateral testicular atrophy on semen quality and sperm DNA fragmentation response to varicocele repair

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2021年第2期23卷 146-149页

作者： Parviz K Kavoussi Natasha Abdullah Melissa S Gilkey Caitlin Hunn G Luke Machen Shu-Hung Chen Keikhosrow M Kavoussi Amy Esqueda J david Wininger Shahryar K Kavoussi Austin Fertility and Reproductive Medicine/Westlake IVF 300 Beardsley LaneBuilding BSuite 200AustinTX 78746USA

Varicoceles adversely impact semen quality and sperm DNA fragmentation,which typically improve with surgical *** men with varicoceles have ipsilateral testicular atrophy due to damage from the *** study assessed semen quality and the sperm DNA fragmentation index(DFI)response to varicocele repair in men with ipsilateral testicular atrophy(TA)versus men with no testicular atrophy(NTA).Semen parameter values and DFI in both groups were compared preoperatively and *** Mann-Whitney U test and the Wilcoxon signed-rank test were used where *** were 20 men in the TA group and 121 men in the NTA group with no difference in age,varicocele grade,or preoperative semen parameter values between the two *** NTA group had a higher preoperative DFI than the TA *** groups showed improvement in semen quality postoperatively,only the TA group showed a significant improvement in DFI,whereas the NTA group showed significant improvements in several parameter values and *** change from preoperative to postoperative parameter values when comparing the two groups revealed a difference in total sperm motile count and DFI,with a larger mean improvement in the NTA group than in the TA *** TA and NTA groups showed improved semen quality and DFI after varicocele repair,but the NTA group had more improvement than the TA ***,only total motile count(TMC)and DFI had a significantly greater mean change in preoperative to postoperative response in the NTA group than in the TA group.

关键词： spermatozoa testicular atrophy varicocele

Comparative Study of the Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities of Compounds Isolated from Solvent Extracts of the Roots of <i>Securinega virosa</i>

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2019年第8期7卷 27-41页

作者： Justice D. Amenu david Neglo Daniel A. Abaye Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology PMB Kumasi Ghana Department of Basic Sciences School of Basic and Biomedical Sciences University of Health and Allied Sciences PMB 31 Ho VR Ghana

There are several lines of indications on the importance of plants as accepted sources of therapeutic agents since most synthetic antioxidants and antibiotics have been associated with cytotoxicity and/or microbial resistance. In this study, the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of a brown compound recovered from the ethanol extractable fraction (EEF) and white crystals isolated from the chloroform-methanol elution (CME) following column chromatography of the ethanolic extracts of roots of Securinega virosa were examined. Preparations from the white crystalline compound recorded greater antioxidant activity and antimicrobial activities than the crude ethanol extracts of S. virosa. Both the ethanol extract and the crystals showed significant antimicrobial activities against all microbes employed in this study. The crystalline compound demonstrated the highest zone of inhibition against the microbes Enterococcus faecalis with varied inhibitory activities with respect to other microorganisms. The least inhibition was against Pseudomonas fluorescens. The overall range was 8.0 - 22.5 mm. The EEF of the roots of S. virosa recorded its highest activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. There was varied inhibitory activity against other organisms;the least was against Micrococcus liteus. The zone of inhibition ranged 6.33 - 17.67 mm. Similar to the trends in susceptibility test, the EEF showed appreciable minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), ranging from 3.13 - 25 mg/mL against test microorganisms while the crystalline preparation had a MIC range of 1.5 - 25 mg/mL except against Salmonella typhii which was 50 mg/mL. Both extracts demonstrated their highest activity against E. faecalis reducing significantly in a dose-dependent manner by each sample against the rest of the test microbes. However, the standard broad-spectrum antibiotic, chloramphenicol, used elicited a zone of inhibition ranging from 0 - 30 mm but with no activity against Streptoco

关键词： Securinega virosa Root Extracts Antioxidants Antibiotic Phytochemicals

Risk factors for cost-related medication non-adherence among older patients with diabetes

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World Journal of Diabetes 2014年第6期5卷 945-950页

作者： James X Zhang Jhee U Lee david O Meltzer Section of Hospital Medicine Department of Medicinethe University of ChicagoChicago Department of Economics the University of ChicagoChicago Harris School of Public Policy the University of ChicagoChicago

AIM: To assess the risk factors for cost-related medication non-adherence(CRN) among older patients with diabetes in the United States. METHODS: We used data from the 2010 Health and Retirement Study to assess risk factors for CRN including age, drug insurance coverage, nursing home residence, functional limitations, and frequency of hospitalization. CRN was self-reported. We conducted multivariate regression analysis to assess the effect of each risk factor. RESULTS: Eight hundred and seventy-five(18%) of 4880 diabetes patients reported CRN. Age less than 65 years, lack of drug insurance coverage, and frequent hospitalization significantly increased risk for CRN. Limitation in both activities of daily living and instrumental activities of daily living were also generally associated with increased risk of CRN. Residence in a nursing home and Medicaid coverage significantly reduced ***: These results suggest that expandingprescription coverage to uninsured, sicker, and community-dwelling individuals is likely to produce the largest decreases in CRN.

关键词： Cost Medication Non-adherence Risk factors

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William ***,1946-2012(Ⅰ)

数学译林 2019年第2期38卷 137-145页

作者： david Gabai Steve Kerckhoff 杜晓明(译) 苏阳(校) 普林斯顿大学斯坦福大学不详

William ***于2012年8月21日去世,享年65岁.本文是他的讣告的第2部分.第1部分刊登在2015年12月的《美国数学会通讯(Notices of the AMS)》上.1)Yair Minsky.

关键词： William AMS