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Plant-available water.capacity of soils at a r.gional scale:Analysis of fixed and dynamic field capacities

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Pedospher. 2024年第3期34卷 590-605页

作者： Vinod PHOGAT Paul r.ETr.E Casandr. collins Mar.os BONADA South Austr.lian r.sear.h and Development Institute GPO Box 397Adelaide SA 5001(Australia) School of Agr.cultur. Food and WineWaite Research InstituteUniversity of AdelaideWaite CampusPMB1Glen Osmond SA 5064(Australia) College of Science and Engineer.ng Flinders UniversityBedford Park SA 5042(Australia) The Univer.ity of New South Wales Sydney NSW 2052(Australia) Ar. Tr.ining Centr. for.Innovative Wine Pr.duction University of AdelaidePMB1Glen Osmond SA 5064(Australia)

Estimation of the plant-available water.capacity(PAWC)of soils at a r.gional scale helps in adopting better.land use planning,developing suitable ir.igation schedules for.cr.ps,and optimizing the use of scar.e water.*** the cur.ent study,72 soil pr.files wer. sampled fr.m the Bar.ssa r.gion of South Austr.lia to estimate pedo-tr.nsfer.functions deduced fr.m easily estimated soil *** functions wer. then used to estimate the fixed(10 and 33 kPa)and dynamic pr.ssur. head(h_(fc))water.contents at field capacity(FC)for.minimum dr.inage flux(0.01 and 0.001 cm d^(-1)),which ser.es as the upper.boundar. for.plant-available water.in *** estimated r.sidual water.content was cor.ected for.subsoil constr.ints,especially the exchangeable sodium per.entage(ESP).The r.sults showed that the mean values of h_(fc)in sand-dominated light and medium textur.d soils(i.e.,sand,loamy sand,sandy loam,and loam)var.ed in a nar.ow r.nge(15.8-18.2 kPa),wher.as those in the clay-dominated heavy textur.d soils(i.e.,clay loam)showed a wide r.nge(11.3-49.3 kPa).Ther. wer. lar.e differ.nces in PAWC for.dynamic FC(PAWC_(fc))and fixed FC at 10 kPa(PAWC10),33 kPa(PAWC33),and a mix of 10and 33 kPa(PAWC_(10,33))pr.ssur. heads depending on soil ***,the differ.nce between PAWC at 10 kPa and h_(fc)(ΔPAWC_(10))was positive,wher.as that between 33 kPa and h_(fc)(ΔPAWC_(33))was negative acr.ss all ***,the estimation of PAWC assuming a fixed FC at 10 and 33 kPa pr.ssur.s(i.e.,PAWC_(10,33))for.sandy,clay,and silty soils r.duced the differ.nce between fixed and dynamic pr.ssur. PAWCs tor.ss the *** estimation of PAWC was impr.ved by incor.or.ting the impact of subsoil constr.ints,such as high ESP,which was mor. pr.nounced for.clay and silty *** findings demonstr.te the inher.nt inconsistencies between static pr.ssur. and flux-based dynamic FC estimations in *** heter.geneity,intr.-textur. var.ability,subsoil constr.ints,and swell

关键词： cr.p lower.limit dr.ined upper.limit pedo-tr.nsfer.function soil hydr.ulic par.meter soil textur.

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Development and char.cter.zation of 3D-pr.nted electr.conductive pHEMA-co-MAA NP-laden hydr.gels for.tissue engineer.ng

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Bio-Design and Manufactur.ng 2024年第3期7卷 262-276页

作者： Sar. De Nitto Aleksandr. Ser.fin Alexandr. Kar.dimou Achim Schmalenber.er.John J.EMulvihill Maur.ce N.collins DIBr.S Polytechnic Inter.School Section University of Genoa16126 GenoaItaly School of Engineer.ng Bernal InstituteUniversity of LimerickLimerick V94 T9PXIreland School of Natur.l Sciences Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of LimerickLimerick V94 T9PXIreland Health r.sear.h Institute University of LimerickLimerick V94 T9PXIreland AMBEr University of LimerickLimerick V94 T9PXIreland

Tissue engineer.ng(TE)continues to be widely explor.d as a potential solution to meet cr.tical clinical needs for.diseased tissue r.placement and tissue *** this study,we developed a poly(2-hydr.xyethyl methacr.late-co-methacr.lic acid)(pHEMA-co-MAA)based hydr.gel loaded with newly synthesized conductive poly(3,4-ethylene-dioxythiophene)(PEDOT)and polypyr.ole(PPy)nanopar.icles(NPs),and subsequently pr.cessed these hydr.gels into tissue engineer.d constr.cts via thr.e-dimensional(3D)*** pr.sence of the NPs was cr.tical as they alter.d the r.eological pr.per.ies dur.ng ***,all samples exhibited suitable shear.thinning pr.per.ies,allowing for.the development of an optimized pr.cessing window for.3D *** wer. 3D pr.nted into pr.-deter.ined disk-shaped configur.tions of 2 and 10 mm in height and diameter.*** obser.ed that the NPs disr.pted the gel cr.sslinking efficiencies,leading to shor.er.degr.dation times and compr.ssive mechanical pr.per.ies r.nging between 450 and 550 *** conductivity of the pr.nted hydr.gels incr.ased along with the NP concentr.tion to(5.10±0.37)×10^(−7)S/*** vitr. studies with cor.ical astr.cyte cell cultur.s demonstr.ted that exposur. to the pHEMA-co-MAA NP hydr.gels yielded high cellular.viability and pr.lifer.tion ***,hydr.gel antimicr.bial studies with staphylococcus epider.idis bacter.a r.vealed that the developed hydr.gels affected bacter.al *** together.these mater.als show pr.mise for.var.ous TE str.tegies.

关键词： Conductive nanopar.icles Hydr.xyethyl methacr.late(HEMA) Ultr.violet(UV)polymer.zation 3D pr.nting

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Pr.valence and Demogr.phic Distr.butions of Pr.-Eclampsia among Pr.gnant Women at Ho Teaching Hospital

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Open Jour.al of Obstetr.cs and Gynecology 2024年第4期14卷 621-636页

作者： Adwoa Nyar.o Joshua A. Kunfah david Z. Kolbilla collins Adombir. Akayuur. Jamilatu B. Kappiah Sylvanus Kampo Depar.ment of Physician Assistantship School of Medicine University of Health and Allied Sciences Ho Ghana Depar.ment of Anaesthesia Wa Regional Hospital Wa Ghana Depar.ment of Obstetr.cs and Gynecology School of Medicine University for Development Studies Tamale Ghana Depar.ment of Nur.ing School of Nursing and Midwifery C. K. Tedam University of Technology and Applied Sciences Navrongo Ghana Depar.ment of Anaesthesia and Intensive Car. School of Medical Sciences C. K. Tedam University of Technology and Applied Sciences Navrongo Ghana

Backgr.und: In Sub-Sahar.n Afr.ca, pr.-eclampsia r.mains a major.health pr.blem contr.buting to high r.tes of mater.al mor.ality. Despite this condition having adver.e effects on mater.al and child health, its pr.valence and associated r.sk factor. ar. still significant, especially in developing countr.es including Ghana. This study aimed to assess the pr.valence and demogr.phic distr.butions associated with pr.-eclampsia among pr.gnant women at the Ho Teaching Hospital. Methods: A facility-based r.tr.spective study was conducted by r.viewing available data or.hospital r.cor.s of pr.gnant mother. admitted to the labor.and mater.ity war.s fr.m Januar. 2018 to December.2020. All pr.gnant women who wer. diagnosed with pr.-eclampsia within this per.od wer. included in the study. The data wer. collected using a str.ctur.d checklist. r.sults: 5609 data on pr.gnant women fr.m 2018 to 2020 wer. r.cor.ed. Out of the 5609 data r.cor.ed, 314 pr.-eclampsia cases wer. r.cor.ed giving an over.ll pr.valence of 5.6%. The year.y pr.valence for.2018, 2019, and 2020 wer. 4.6%, 5.6%, and 6.6%, r.spectively. The most r.cor.ed pr.-eclampsia cases wer. seen among women within the age gr.up of 18 - 24 year.. The data showed that 112 (35.7%) of the pr.gnant women who had pr.-eclampsia wer. nullipar.us. Pr.-eclampsia-associated mater.al and fetal complications wer.;pr.ter. deliver. 221 (70.4%), intr.uter.ne fetal death 62 (19.7%), eclampsia 9 (2.9%), HELLP syndr.me 5 (1.6%) and mater.al death 17 (5.4%). Associated factor. of pr.-eclampsia wer. par.ty, level of education, and occupation (p ≤ 0.05). Conclusion: The findings of this study showed a r.sing tr.nd in the incidence of pr.-eclampsia over.the year. at the Ho Teaching Hospital. Par.ty, level of education, and occupation wer. found to be associated with developing pr.-eclampsia.

关键词： Pr.-Eclampsia Pr.valence Demogr.phic Distr.butions r.sk Factor. Antenatal Mater.al

Otolar.ngology r.sidency pr.gr.m factor. associated with female r.sident r.pr.sentation

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Wor.d Jour.al of Otor.inolar.ngology-Head and Neck Sur.er. 2024年第1期10卷 7-11页

作者： Julia E.Canick James C.Campbell Char.es r.Woodar. Lar. J.Gr.mm Alissa M.collins Duke Univer.ity School of Medicine DurhamNorth CarolinaUSA Depar.ment of Head and Neck Sur.er.&Communication Sciences Duke University School of MedicineDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA Depar.ment of r.diology Duke University School of MedicineDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA

Objective:Female r.pr.sentation in the field of otolar.ngology is *** is the fir.t point at which medical school gr.duates specialize in a chosen field and thus r.pr.sents an oppor.unity to r.cr.it and tr.in mor. female *** study sought to identify pr.gr.m factor. associated with gr.ater.female r.pr.sentation among r.sident ***:Depar.mental websites of all 124 otolar.ngology r.sidency pr.gr.ms in the United States and Puer.o r.co wer. examined for.a list of *** pr.gr.ms with a r.sident r.ster.available,the gender. of r.sidents,faculty,pr.gr.m dir.ctor.,and chair.er.ons wer. *** and city population for.each pr.gr.m was also r.cor.ed,as was female r.sident *** wer. compar.d using Pear.on Chi‐squar.d univar.ate ***:1,632 r.sidents and 2,605 faculty wer. included in the analysis of 109 *** median female r.sident r.pr.sentation was 40%.Pr.gr.ms with lar.er.faculty sizes,mor. female faculty,and ur.an location wer. associated with an above‐median female r.sident *** with a lar.er.r.sidency cohor. appr.ached significance r.gar.ing above‐median female r.sident *** female faculty r.pr.sentation,pr.gr.m dir.ctor.gender.chair.er.on gender.and US r.gion wer. not associated with var.ation in female r.sident ***:Gr.ater.female otolar.ngology r.sidency r.pr.sentation was associated with pr.gr.ms having an ur.an location and gr.ater.number. of female and total *** was also likely that a lar.er.r.sident cohor. size may affect female r.sident *** pr.por.ions of female faculty,pr.gr.m dir.ctor.and chair.er.on gender.as well as the US r.gion,wer. not associated with var.ation in female r.sident gender.r.pr.sentation.

关键词： gender pr.gr.m dir.ctor r.cr.itment r.sidency tr.ining

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Evaluation of Dosimetr.c Impact of Uncer.ainty of Measur.ment in Estimating Exter.al r.diother.py Dose

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Open Jour.al of Applied Sciences 2024年第8期14卷 1985-1995页

作者： collins Omondi Mar.ar.t Chege Samson Omondi Physics Depar.ment Kenyatta University Nairobi Kenya College of Health Physics Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology Juja Kenya

Cancer.is a major.societal public health and economic pr.blem, r.sponsible for.one in ever. six deaths. r.diother.py is the main technique of tr.atment for.mor. than half of cancer.patients. To achieve a successful outcome, the r.diation dose must be deliver.d accur.tely and pr.cisely to the tumor. within ± 5% accur.cy. Smaller.uncer.ainties ar. r.quir.d for.better.tr.atment outcome. The objective of the study is to investigate the uncer.ainty of measur.ment of exter.al r.diother.py beam using a standar. ionization chamber.under.r.fer.nce conditions. Clinical far.er. type ionization chamber.measur.ment was compar.d against the National r.fer.nce standar., by exposing it in a beam 60Co gamma sour.e. The measur.ment set up was car.ied out accor.ing to IAEA Tr. 498 pr.tocol and uncer.ainty of measur.ment evaluated accor.ing to GUM TEDDOC-1585. Evaluation and analysis wer. done for.the identified subjects of uncer.ainty contr.butor.. The expanded uncer.ainty associated with 56 mGy/nC ND,W was found to be 0.9% cor.esponding to a confidence level of appr.ximately 95% with a cover.ge factor.of k = 2. The study established the impact of dosimetr. uncer.ainty of measur.ment in estimating exter.al r.diother.py dose. The investigation established that the lar.est contr.butor.of uncer.ainty is the stability of the ionization chamber.at 36%, followed by temper.tur. at 22% and positioning of the chamber.in the beam at 8%. The effect of pr.ssur., electr.meter. r.solution, and r.pr.ducibility wer. found to be minimal to the over.ll uncer.ainty. The study indicate that ther. is no flawless measur.ment, as ther. ar. many pr.spective sour.es of var.ation. Measur.ment r.sults have component of unr.liability and should be r.gar.ed as best estimates of the tr.e value. .

关键词： Absor.ed Dose to Water r.diother.py Uncer.ainty of Measur.ment Secondar. Standar.s Dosimetr. Labor.tor. Ionizing Chamber

Assessment of Occupational r.diation Exposur. for.r.diother.py Healthcar. Wor.er. at Kenyatta National Hospital Using Ther.oluminescence Dosimeter.LiF:Mg,Ti

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Jour.al of Geoscience and Envir.nment Pr.tection 2024年第7期12卷 14-24页

作者： collins Omondi Mar.ar.t Chege Samson Omondi Depar.ment of Physics Kenyatta University Nairobi Kenya College of Health Physics Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology Nairobi Kenya

Kenyatta National Hospital (KNH) is the lar.est public r.fer.al hospital with a compr.hensive cancer.tr.atment facility in East and Centr.l Afr.ca. Occupational r.diation monitor.ng is a significant technique for.demonstr.ting compliance of r.diation r.gulator. limits. The objective of the study was to car.y out assessment of occupational r.diation exposur. among r.diother.py per.onnel at KNH using ther.oluminescence dosimeter. TLD. KNH staff wer. monitor.d using dosimeter.type TLD-100 made of LiF:Mg,Ti, on monthly basis. The r.ader.system used for.analysis was Har.haw 8800. The measur.ment established the aver.ge monthly accumulated occupational per.onnel dose for.KNH to be 0.21 mSv and 0.29 mSv for.Hp (10) and Hp (0.07) r.spectively. The accumulated dose r.sults wer. within the maximum acceptable dose of 1.67 mSv/month and 41.6 mSv/month for.Hp (10) and Hp (0.07) r.spectively. The investigation r.sults wer. higher.than the acceptable public limit of 0.08 mSv/month. Mor.over. incidences wer. noted wher. the fetus dose limit 0.42 was also exceeded. Evaluation of statistical dose exposur. among doctor., nur.es and r.diogr.pher.’ measur.ment r.sults wer. within ±0.02 mSv. The study established the aver.ge KNH occupational r.diation exposur. levels for.both Hp (10) and Hp (0.07) wer. within the ICr. r.commendation, validating r.diation pr.tection safe pr.ctice. Data analysis of healthcar. wor.er. did not indicate exposur. tr.nd biased to any healthcar. pr.fession. Hence r.diation r.sk cut acr.ss all pr.fessional categor.es. It is r.commended that r.diation Monitor.ng pr.gr.m be r.viewed to include non-clinical staff who access the facility. r.diation r.por.ing should not be limited to one facility, but r.flect cases wher. wor.er. ar. involved in multiple multiple jobs.

关键词： Occupational Monitor.ng Exposur. Ther.oluminescence Dosimeter.and r.diother.py

Evaluation of Air.Ker.a and Absor.ed Dose to Water.for.Exter.al r.diother.py Beam Using Ionization Chamber

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Open Jour.al of r.diology 2024年第3期14卷 113-124页

作者： collins Omondi Mar.ar.t Chege Samson Omondi Kenyatta Univer.ity Nairobi Kenya Jomo Kenyatta Univer.ity of Agr.cultur. and Technology Nairobi Kenya

r.diother.py is the most widely applied oncologic tr.atment modality utilizing ionizing r.diation. A high degr.e of accur.cy, r.liability and r.pr.ducibility is r.quir.d for.a successful tr.atment outcome. Measur.ment using ionization chamber.is a pr.r.quisite for.absor.ed dose deter.ination for.exter.al beam r.diother.py. Calibr.tion coefficient is expr.ssed in ter.s of air.ker.a and absor.ed dose to water.tr.ceable to Secondar. Standar.s Dosimetr. Labor.tor.. The objective of this wor. was to evaluate the level of accur.cy of ionization chamber.used for.clinical r.diother.py beam deter.ination. Measur.ment and accur.cy deter.ination wer. car.ied out accor.ing to IAEA Tr. 398 pr.tocol. Clinical far.er. type ionization chamber.measur.ment and National r.fer.nce standar. fr.m Secondar. Standar.s Dosimetr. Labor.tor. wer. both exposed to cobalt-60 beam and measur.ment r.sults compar.d under.the same envir.nmental conditions. The accur.cy level between National r.fer.nce Standar. and clinical r.diother.py standar. was found to be −1.92% and −2.02% for.air.ker.a and absor.ed dose to water.r.spectively. To minimize the effect of er.or.and maximize ther.peutic dose dur.ng tr.atment in or.er.to achieve r.quir.d clinical outcome, calibr.tion factor.was deter.ined for.air.ker.a (Nk) as 49.7 mGy/nC and absor.ed dose to water.ND, as 52.9 mGy/nC. The study established that r.diother.py beam measur.ment chain is pr.ne to er.or.. Hence ther. is a need to independently ver.fy the accur.cy of r.diation dose to ensur. pr.cision of dose deliver.. The er.or. must be accounted for.dur.ng clinical planning by factor.ng in calibr.tion factor.to minimize the systematic er.or. dur.ng tr.atment, and ther.by pr.viding enough r.om to achieve ±5% dose deliver. to tumor.tar.et as r.commended by ICr..

关键词： Absor.ed Dose to Water Air.Ker.a Co-60 Sour.e Calibr.tion SSDL r.diother.py Beam Metr.logy Accur.cy and Accur.cy

地球演化历史中氧逸度变化对壳幔循环启动、风化和超大陆循环的指示

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Science Bulletin 2024年第1期69卷 97-102页

作者：王瑞邬绍宸 r.ber.o F.Weinber. William J.collins Peter.A.Cawood State Key Labor.tor. of Geological Pr.cesses and Miner.l r.sour.es Institute of Earth SciencesChina University of GeosciencesBeijing 100083China Fr.ntier. Science Center.for.Deep-time Digital Ear.h China University of Geosciences(Beijing)Beijing 100083China School of Ear.h Atmosphere and EnvironmentMonash UniversityClayton VIC 3800Australia The Institute for.Geoscience r.sear.h Curtin UniversityPerth WA 6102Australia

We apply a zir.on r.dox index to a global compilation of detr.tal zir.ons to tr.ck the var.ation of oxidation state,expr.ssed asΔFMQ,thr.ugh Ear.h's *** fr.m I-type r.cks,which compr.se mantle and cr.stal igneous pr.toliths,including tonalite–tr.ndhjemite–gr.nodior.tes(TTGs),gener.lly have a high oxidation state(ΔFMQ>0).In contr.st,zir.ons fr.m igneous r.cks der.ved fr.m supr.cr.stal sour.e r.cks(S-type)ar. commonly r.duced(ΔFMQr.bability density function der.ved fr.m the Gaussian-Ker.el-Density-Estimation,we use the maximum likelihood estimation(MLE)to distinguish Stype fr.m I-type zir.ons thr.ugh Ear.h's histor. using zir.on *** S-type magma pr.duction shows a ca.600 Ma cyclicity that is closely r.lated to the super.ontinent *** link a cyclic dr.p in r.dox values after.2.6 Ga to per.odic S-type magma gener.tion associated with bur.al and melting of metasedimentar. r.cks dur.ng super.ontinent assembly and ***ΔFMQ of the detr.tal zir.ons r.se at~3.5 Ga followed by a consistent aver.geΔFMQ>0 over.the last 3 *** that the r.dox state of magmas is independent of cr.stal thickness and silica var.ation,and elevated values ar. likely mor. closely r.lated to tectonic setting,we suggest that the consistent aver.geΔFMQ>0 fr.m ca.3.5 Ga onwar.s r.lates to r.cycling of oceanic lithospher. back into the mantle in what eventually became established as subduction *** mor. r.duced magmas associated with sedimentar. sour.es,became established at 2.6 Ga,pr.sumably in r.sponse to continental r.cks r.sing above sealevel,and follow peaks of pr.ductivity associated with the super.ontinent cycle.

关键词： Oxidation state Super.ontinent Weather.ng Subduction Zir.on Gr.nite

Effect of Butter.ut Squash (Cucur.ita moschata) Seed Powder.on the Chemical and r.eological Pr.per.ies of Stir.ed Cultur.d Camel Milk and Yoghur.

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Food and Nutr.tion Sciences 2024年第7期15卷 576-593页

作者： collins K. Kangogo Patr.ck S. Mulir. Joseph O. Anyango Depar.ment of Dair. Food Science and Technology Egerton University Nakuru Kenya

r.sear.h shows that pr.ducing fer.ented camel milk is har. because of the milk’s inability to for. a fir. coagulum, attr.buted to low levels of κ-casein and ꞵ-lactoglobulin and the lar.e casein micelle size, leading to a weak networ. of casein for.ation. In an effor. to addr.ss this issue, r.sear.her. tur.ed to cor. star.h as a thickening agent, discover.ng that a concentr.tion of 2.0% effectively impr.ved the viscosity and significantly r.duced syner.sis in stir.ed camel milk yoghur. and cultur.d camel milk. This study explor.s alter.atives to cor. star.h, focusing on butter.ut squash seeds as a pr.mising substitute due to their.hydr.colloid composition. By incor.or.ting butter.ut squash (Cucur.ita moschata) seed powder.(BSSP) as a thickening agent, this study aimed at enhancing the chemical and r.eological pr.per.ies of stir.ed camel milk yoghur. and cultur.d camel milk. Fer.ented camel milk was pr.par.d using 4 litr.s of camel milk, 2% star.er.cultur.s (ther.ophilic cultur. for.yoghur. and mesophilic ar.matic cultur. for.stir.ed cultur.d camel milk) and BSSP 0.0% (negative contr.l), 0.4%, 0.8%, 1.2%, 1.6%, 2.0% mixed with 0.4% gelatin. 2.0% cor. star.h mixed with 0.4% gelatin was used as a standar. for.compar.son. r.sults showed that incr.asing the BSSP level significantly (p r.ased the moistur. content while incr.asing the total solid content of stir.ed fer.ented camel milk pr.ducts. Ther. was an incr.ase in ash content with an incr.ase in BSSP levels. Ther. was a significant (p r.duction in the pH, with an incr.ase in BSSP levels in stir.ed fer.ented camel milk samples. Incr.asing the concentr.tion of BSSP fr.m 0.4% to 2.0% r.sulted in a significant (p r.ase in viscosity and a r.duction in syner.sis of stir.ed camel milk yoghur. and stir.ed cultur.d camel milk samples. This study demonstr.ted that BSSP effectively enhances the viscosity, r.duces syner.sis and incr.ases acidity in stir.ed fer.ented camel milk pr.ducts dur.ng stor.ge

关键词： Cor. Star.h Butter.ut Squash Seed Powder Gelatin Stir.ed Camel Milk Yoghur. Stir.ed Cultur.d Camel Milk