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SrEBP2 restricts osteoclast differentiation and activity by regulating IrF7 and limits inflammatory bone erosion

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Bone research 2024年第3期12卷 689-703页

作者： Haemin Kim In Ah Choi Akio Umemoto Seyeon Bae Kaichi Kaneko Masataka Mizuno Eugenia Giannopoulou Tania Pannellini Liang Deng Kyung-Hyun park-Min Arthritis and Tissue Degeneration Program David Z.Rosensweig Genomics Research CenterHospital for Special SurgeryNew YorkNY 11366USA Department of Medicine Weill Cornell Medical CollegeNew YorkNY 10021USA CHA Biomedical research Institute CHA Bundang Medical CenterCHA University School of MedicineSeongnam 13496Republic of Korea Department of Internal Medicine College of MedicineChungbuk National UniversityCheongjuChungbuk 28644Republic of Korea Biological Sciences Department New York City College of TechnologyCity University of New YorkBrooklynNY 11201USA Dermatology Service Department of MedicineMemorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterNew YorkNY 10065USA Department of Dermatology Weill Cornell Medical CollegeNew YorkNY 10021USA BCMB Allied Program Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical SciencesNew YorkNY 10065USA

Osteoclasts are multinucleated bone-resorbing cells,and their formation is tightly regulated to prevent excessive bone ***,the mechanisms by which osteoclast formation is restricted remain incompletely ***,we found that sterol regulatory element binding protein 2(SrEBP2)functions as a negative regulator of osteoclast formation and inflammatory bone *** and SrEBP2,a key transcription factor for cholesterol biosynthesis,increased in the late phase of osteoclastogenesis.

关键词： SrEBP2 incomplete restrict

The assembly of plant-patch networks in Mediterranean alpine grasslands

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2020年第3期13卷 273-280页

作者： david S.Pescador José María Iriondo Gianalberto Losapio Adrián Escudero Departamento de Biología y Geología Física y Química InorgánicaEscuela Superior de Ciencias Experimentales y TecnologíaUniversidad Rey Juan CarlosMóstolesSpain Department of Environmental Systems Science ETH ZurichZurichSwitzerland Department of Biology Stanford UniversityStanfordCAUSA

Aims Harsh environmental conditions in alpine ecosystems shape vegetation structure into patches,where many different plant species cluster and grow ***,which factors are important for the structure and dynamics of such plant–patch networks remains poorly *** aim to assess which and how environmental and biotic factors predict the assembly of plant–patch networks along a mountain *** We examined the distribution of plant species in more than 5500 vegetation patches in 37 Mediterranean alpine grasslands distributed along a 500 m altitudinal gradient(National park of Sierra Guadarrama,Spain).We established a plant–patch network for each grassland community and analyzed how nestedness and modularity vary with environmental(altitude,insolation and soil conditions)and biotic factors(number of species per plot,mean patch area and total pasture area).Important Findings Plant–patch networks showed consistent,non-random patterns characterized by a nested,but not modular,structure,which suggests that positive associations among co-occurring specialists promote their growth within patches as subsets of a pool with more generalist *** nestedness and modularity of plant–patch networks varied among ***,nestedness decreased with increasing species per plot and increased with mean patch area,while it was independent of environmental variables;modularity increased with increasing pasture area and species per *** negative relationship between species per plot and nested patterns may be linked to the restricted number of species that can coexist within the same patch at a given ***,the positive relationship between patch size and nestedness indicates that the growth of rare plant species within vegetation patches occupied by more abundant species is facilitated in bigger rather than smaller ***,these results indicate that the nested assembly of vegetation patches may be independent of abiotic cond

关键词： alpine ecosystems community assembly ecological networks metacommunity modularity nestedness patch dynamics

Democratization of ecosystem services--a radical approach for assessing nature's benefits in the face of urbanization

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Ecosystem Health and Sustainability 2018年第5期4卷 2-18页

作者： Melissa r.McHale Scott M.Beck Steward T.A.Pickett Daniel L.Childers Mary L.Cadenasso Louie rivers III Louise Swemmer Liesel Ebersohn Wayne Twine david N Bunn Department of Ecosystem Science and Sustainability Colorado State UniversityFort CollinsCOUSA School of Animal Plantand Environmental SciencesUniversity of the Witwatersr andJohannesburgSouth Africa Natural resource Ecology Lab Colorado State UniversityFort CollinsCOUSA Wits City Institute University of the WitwatersrandJohannesburgSouth Africa Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies MillbrookNYUSA School of Sustainability Arizona State UniversityTempeAZUSA Department of Plant Sciences University of CaliforniaDavisCAUSA Department of Forestry and Environmental resources North Carolina State UniversityRaleighNCUSA South African National parks Kruger National ParkPhalaborwaSouth Africa Centre for the Study of resilience University of PretoriaPretoriaSouth Africa Geography&Environmental Management&Energy Studies University of Johannesburg

Objectives:(1)To evaluate how ecosystem services may be utilized to either reinforce or fracture the planning and development practices that emerged from segregation and eco-nomic exclusion;(2)To survey the current state of ecosystem service assessments and synthesize a growing number of recommendations from the literature for renovating ecosys-tem service ***:Utilizing current maps of ecosystem service distribution in Bushbuckridge Local Municipality,South Africa,we considered how a democratized process of assessing ecosys-tem services will produce a more nuanced representation of diverse values in society and capture heterogeneity in ecosystem structure and ***:We propose interventions for assessing ecosystem services that are inclusive of a broad range of stakeholders'values and result in actual quantification of social and ecological *** demonstrate how to operationalize a pluralistic framework for ecosystem service ***:A democratized approach to ecosystem service assessments is a reimagined path to rescuing a poorly implemented concept and designing and managing future social-ecological systems that benefit people and support ecosystem *** is the responsi-bility of scientists who do ecosystem services research to embrace more complex,pluralistic frameworks so that sound and inclusive scientific information is utilized in decision-making.

关键词： Ecosystem services social-ecological systems heterogeneity landcover,pluralistic deliberative

Assessing the utility of dissolved organic matter photoreactivity as a predictor of in situ methylmercury concentration

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2018年第6期30卷 160-168页

作者： Sara J.Klapstein Susan E.Ziegler david A.risk Nelson J.O'Driscoll Environmental Science Program Memorial University of Newfoundland Department of Earth Sciences St. Francis Xavier University Department of Earth and Environmental Science Acadia University

Methylmercury（MeHg） bioaccumulation is a growing concern in ecosystems worldwide. The absorption of solar radiation by dissolved organic matter（DOM） and other photoreactive ligands can convert MeHg into less toxic forms of mercury through photodemethylation. In this study, spectral changes and photoreactivity of DOM were measured to assess the potential to control photoreactions and predict in situ MeHg concentration. Water samples collected from a series of lakes in southwestern Nova Scotia in June, August, and September were exposed to controlled ultraviolet-A（UV-A） radiation for up to 24 hr. Dissolved organic matter photoreactivity, measured as the loss of absorbance at 350 nm at constant UV-A irradiation, was positively dependent on the initial DOM concentration in lake waters（r^2=0.94）. This relationship was consistent over time with both DOM concentration and photoreactivity increasing from summer into fall across lakes. Lake in situ MeHg concentration was positively correlated with DOM concentration and likely catchment transport in June（r = 0.77） but not the other sampling months. Despite a consistent seasonal variation in both DOM and Fe, and their respective correlations with MeHg, no discernable seasonal trend in MeHg was observed. However, a 3-year dataset from the 6 study lakes revealed a positive correlation between DOM concentration and both Fe（r = 0.91） and MeHg concentrations（r = 0.51） suggesting a more dominant landscape mobility control on *** DOM-MeHg relationships observed in these lakes highlights the need to examine DOM photoreactivity controls on MeHg transport and availability in natural waters particularly given future climate perturbations.

关键词： Methylmercury Dissolved organic carbon Photoreactions Kejimkujik National park Freshwater lakes

Bionic Optimization Design of Electronic Nose Chamber for Oil and Gas Detection

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2018年第3期15卷 533-544页

作者： Zhiyong Chang Youhong Sun Yuchen Zhang Yanli Gao Xiaohui Weng Donghui Chen Liewe david Jun Xie Key Lab of Advanced Technologies of Materials Ministry of Education School of Materials Science and Engineering Southwest Jiaotong University Chengdu 610031 China Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering Ministry of Education Jilin University Changchun 130022 China National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of In-situ Conversion Drilling and Exploitation Technology for Oil Shale Jilin University Changchun 130021 China College of Construction Engineering Jilin University Changchun 130022 China Clinical Medicine Bethune First Hospital of Jilin University Changchun 130021China College of Mechanical Science and Engineering Jilin University Changchun 130022 China School of Computing and Technology the University of Gloucestershire The Park Cheltenham GL50 2RH UK Air Combat Service Academy Air Force Aviation University Changchun 130021 China

In this paper, a miniaturized bionic electronic nose system is developed in order to solve the problems arising in oil and gas detection for large size and inflexible operation in downhole. The bionic electronic nose chamber is designed by mimicking human nasal turbinate structure, V-groove structure on shark skin surface and flow field distribution around skin surface. The sensitivity of the bionic electronic nose system is investigated through experimentation. radial Basis Function （rBF） and Support Vector Machines （SVM） of 10-fold cross validation are used to compare the recognition performance of the bionic electronic nose system and common one. The results show that the sensitivity of the bionic electronic nose system with bionic composite chamber （chamber B） is significantly improved compared with that with common chamber （chamber A）. The recognition rate of chamber B is 4.27% higher than that of chamber A for the rBF algorithm, while for the SVM algorithm, the recognition rate of chamber B is 5.69% higher than that of chamber A. The three-dimensional simulation model of the chamber is built and verified by Computational Fluid Dynamics （CFD） simulation analysis. The number of vortices in chamber B is fewer than that in chamber A. The airflow velocity near the sensors inside chamber B is slower than that inside chamber A. The vortex intensity near the sensors in chamber B is 2.27 times as much as that in chamber A, which facilitates gas molecules to fully contact with the sensor surface and increases the intensity of sensor signal, and the contact strength and time between odorant molecules and sensor surface. Based on the theoretical investigation and test validation, it is believed that the proposed bionic electronic nose system with bionic composite chamber has potential for oil and gas detection in downhole.

关键词： electronic nose bionic chamber sensors oil gas detection

Classifying forest inventory data into species-based forest community types at broad extents： exploring tradeoffs among supervised and unsupervised approaches

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Forest Ecosystems 2018年第1期5卷 91-107页

作者： jennifer k.costanza don faber-langendoen john w.coulston david n.wear Department of Forestry and Environmental resources North C arolina State University3041 Cornwalis RdResearch Triangle ParkRaleighNC 27709USA NatureServe 4600 N.Fairfax Dr7th FloorArlingtonVA 22203USA Southern research Station USDA Forest ServiceBlacksburgVAUSA Southern research Station USDA Forest ServiceRaleighNCUSA

Background： Knowledge of the different kinds of tree communities that currently exist can provide a baseline for assessing the ecological attributes of forests and monitoring future changes. Forest inventory data can facilitate the development of this baseline knowledge across broad extents, but they first must be classified into forest community types. Here, we compared three alternative classifications across the United States using data from over 117,000 U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service Forest Inventory and Analysis （FIA） plots. Methods： Each plot had three forest community type labels：（1）＂FIA＂ types were assigned by the FIA program using a supervised method; （2）＂USNVC＂ types were assigned via a key based on the U.S. National Vegetation Classification; （3）＂empirical＂ types resulted from unsupervised clustering of tree species information. We assessed the degree to which analog classes occurred among classifications, compared indicator species values, and used random forest models to determine how well the classifications could be predicted using environmental variables. results： The classifications generated groups of classes that had broadly similar distributions, but often there was no one-to-one analog across the classifications. The Iongleaf pine forest community type stood out as the exception： it was the only class with strong analogs across all classifications. Analogs were most lacking for forest community types with species that occurred across a range of geographic and environmental conditions, such as Ioblolly pine types, indicator species metrics were generally high for the USNVC, suggesting that LJSNVC classes are floristically well-defined. The empirical classification was best predicted by environmental variables. The most important predictors differed slightly but were broadly similar across all classifications, and included slope, amount of forest in the surrounding landscape, average minimum temperature, and other climate variab

关键词： Big data Correspondence analysis Dominant species Forest communities Global change,Hierarchical classification Indicator species random forests Species assemblages

Second harmonic generation hotspot on a centrosymmetric smooth silver surface

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Light(Science & Applications) 2018年第1期7卷 540-547页

作者： Matan Galanty Omer Shavit Adam Weissman Hannah Aharon david Gachet Elad Segal Adi Salomon Department of Chemistry BINA Nano Center for Advanced MaterialsBar-Ilan UniversityRamat-GanIsrael Attolight AG EPFL Innovation ParkBuilding D1015 LausanneSwitzerland

Second harmonic generation(SHG)is forbidden for materials with inversion symmetry,such as bulk *** can be broken by morphological or dielectric discontinuities,yet SHG from a smooth continuous metallic surface is *** non-linear microscopy,we experimentally demonstrate enhanced SHG within an area of smooth silver film surrounded by ***-assisted SHG is locally enhanced by more than one order of magnitude compared to a neighboring silver surface *** optical measurements and cathodoluminescence(CL)imaging substantiate these *** suggest that plasmonic modes launched from the edges of the nanocavities propagate onto the smooth silver film and annihilate,locally generating *** addition,we show that these hotspots can be dynamically controlled in intensity and location by altering the polarization of the incoming *** results show that switchable nonlinear hotspots can be generated on smooth metallic films,with important applications in photocatalysis,single-molecule spectroscopy and non-linear surface imaging.

关键词： field. silver harmonic

Delayed diagnosis of alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency following post-hepatectomy liver failure: A case report

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2016年第11期22卷 3289-3295页

作者： Benjamin Norton Jemimah Denson Christopher Briggs Matthew Bowles david Stell Somaiah Aroori Peninsula College of Medicine and Dentistry Tamar Science Park Department of Histopathology Plymouth Hospitals NHS Trust Peninsula HPB Unit Derriford Hospital

Post-hepatectomy liver failure(PHLF) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality following major liver resection. The development of PHLF is dependent on the volume of the remaining liver tissue and hepatocyte function. Without effective pre-operative assessment, patients with undiagnosed liver disease could be at increased risk of PHLF. We report a case of a 60-year-old male patient with PHLF secondary to undiagnosed alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency(AATD) following major liver resection. He initially presented with acute large bowel obstruction secondary to a colorectal adenocarcinoma, which had metastasized to the liver. There was no significant past medical history apart from mild chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. After colonic surgery and liver directed neo-adjuvant chemotherapy, he underwent a laparoscopic partially extended right hepatectomy and radio-frequency ablation. Post-operatively he developed PHLF. The cause of PHLF remained unknown, prompting reanalysis of the histology, which showed evidence of AATD. He subsequently developed progressive liver dysfunction, portal hypertension, and eventually an extensive parastomal bleed, which led to his death; this was ultimately due to a combination of AATD and chemotherapy. This case highlights that formal testing for AATD in all patients with a known history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, heavy smoking, or strong family history could help prevent the development of PHLF in patients undergoing major liver resection.

关键词： Post-hepatectomy liver failure Alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency Hepatectomy Functional liver remnant Liver resection

Percutaneous nephrolithotomy in octogenarians and beyond:How old is too old?

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Asian Journal of Urology 2015年第4期2卷 208-213页

作者： Bradley Morganstern riccardo Galli Piruz Motamedinia david Leavitt Mohamed Keheila Eric Ghiraldi david Hoenig Arthur Smith Zeph Okeke The Smith Institute for Urology NorthShore-Long Island Jewish Health SystemNew Hyde ParkNYUSA

Objective:To specifically report perioperative characteristics and outcomes in patients 80 years and older undergoing percutaneous nephrolithotomy(PCNL).PCNL has been established as feasible in the elderly;however,to our knowledge no one has specifically reported feasibility in patients 80 years and ***:We retrospectively reviewed perioperative data of octogenarians who underwent PCNL at a high stone volume single institution,and matched them to patientsrs of age by stone burden and *** demographics,perioperative outcomes and postoperative complications were ***:Thirty-three octogenarians(mean age 83.6 years)with 36 renal units were matched to 67 controls(mean age 48.6 years)with 72 renal *** had a higher mean American Society of Anesthesiologists(ASA)score,more comorbidities,and worse renal *** were no differences in operative characteristics,length of hospital stay or stone free *** the patients with preoperative urinary decompression(ureteral stent or nephrostomy tube)prior to PCNL,the elderly were more likely to have a history of *** did not experience more minor Clavien(Ⅰ-Ⅱ)or major Clavien(Ⅲa-Ⅳb)***:Octogenarians who undergo PCNL were more likely to have cardiovascular comorbidities and a prior history of *** these risk factors,in appropriately selected patients PCNL can be safely and successfully performed in octogenarians without increased perioperative complications relative to a younger cohort.

关键词： Percutaneous nephrolithotomy Elderly Percutaneous stone extraction complications Clavien Octogenarians Percutaneous stone extraction