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Behavioral and Neurobiological Assessments of Predator-Based Fear Conditioning and Extinction

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Journal of Behavioral and Brain Science 2016年第8期6卷 337-356页

作者： Joshua D. Halonen Phillip r. Zoladz Collin r. park david M. Diamond Department of Psychology University of Tampa Tampa Florida USA Department of Psychology University of South Florida Tampa Florida USA Department of Psychology Sociology & Criminal Justice Ohio Northern University Ada Ohio USA Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Physiology University of South Florida Tampa Florida USA Center for Preclinical & Clinical research on PTSD University of South Florida Tampa Florida USA

Shock, immobilization, and exposure to predator-related stimuli have all been used to study fear conditioning in rodents, but they have never been used in conjunction in a single study. Experiment 1 compared the effects of these three reinforcers, alone and in various combinations, on the expression of long-term conditioned fear memory and extinction in adult male rats. Whereas foot shock conditioning, alone, was rapidly extinguished;the combination of immobilization and cat exposure, or all 3 stimuli together, produced a significant increase in the magnitude of fear conditioning and greater resistance to extinction, which persisted for at least 5 weeks post-training (p riment 2 assessed the role of the hippocampus in predator-based context and cued fear conditioning. Pharmacological suppression of hippocampal activity during fear conditioning produced a selective impairment of contextual, but not cued, fear memory. Experiment 3 investigated the effects of sleep deprivation prior to fear conditioning on the expression of fear memory. This experiment demonstrated that pre-training sleep deprivation blocked the expression of contextual (hippocampal-dependent), but not cued (hippocampal-independent), fear memory. Overall, this series of experiments has extended the use of predator exposure in conjunction with conventional reinforcers, such as foot shock and immobilization, to advance our understanding of the neurobiology of traumatic memory.

关键词： Fear Conditioning Predator Exposure Hippocampus Sleep Deprivation

Vegetation change as related to terrain factors at two glacier forefronts, Glacier National park, Montana, U.S.A.

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Journal of Mountain Science 2020年第1期17卷 1-15页

作者： Callie B.LAMBErT Lynn M・rESLEr Yang SHAO david r.BUTLEr Department of Geography Virginia Tech220 Stanger StreetBlacksburgVA24061USA Texas State University Department of GeographySan MarcosTX 78666USA

Glacier recession is a globally occurring trend. Although a rich body of work has documented glacial response to climate warming, few studies have assessed vegetation cover change in recently deglaciated areas, especially using geospatial technologies. Here, vegetation change at two glacier forefronts in Glacier National park, Montana, *** quantified through remote sensing analysis,fieldwork validation, and statistical ***, we assessed the spatial and temporal patterns of landcover change at the two glacier forefronts in Glacier National park and determined the role of selected biophysical terrain factors(elevation, slope, aspect, solar radiation, flow accumulation, topographic wetness index, and surficial geology) on vegetation change(from nonvegetated to vegetated cover) at the deglaciated *** imagery of the study locations in 1991, 2003,and 2015 were classified and validated using visual interpretation. Model results revealed geographic differences in biophysical correlates of vegetation change between the study areas, suggesting that terrain variation is a key factor affecting spatialtemporal patterns of vegetation change. At Jackson Glacier forefront, increases in vegetation over some portion or all of the study period were negatively associated with elevation, slope angle, and consolidated bedrock. At Grinnell Glacier forefront,increases in vegetation associated negatively with elevation and positively with solar *** geospatial and field approaches to the study of vegetation change in recently deglaciated terrain are recommended to understand and monitor processes and patterns of ongoing habitat change in rapidly changing mountain environments.

关键词： Land cover change Physical geography Glacial forefronts Vegetation change Glacier National park Terrain factors

review of bio-optical imaging systems with a high space-bandwidth product

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Advanced Photonics 2021年第4期3卷 1-18页

作者： Jongchan park david J.Brady Guoan Zheng Lei Tian Liang Gao University of California Department of BioengineeringLos AngelesCaliforniaUnited States University of Arizona James C.Wyant College of Optical SciencesTucsonArizonaUnited States University of Connecticut Department of Biomedical EngineeringStorrsConnecticutUnited States University of Connecticut Department of Electrical and Computer EngineeringStorrsConnecticutUnited States Boston University Department of Electrical and Computer EngineeringBostonMassachusettsUnited States

Optical imaging has served as a primary method to collect information about biosystems across scales—from functionalities of tissues to morphological structures of cells and even at biomolecular ***,to adequately characterize a complex biosystem,an imaging system with a number of resolvable points,referred to as a space-bandwidth product(SBP),in excess of one billion is typically *** a gigapixel-scale far exceeds the capacity of current optical imagers,compromises must be made to obtain either a low spatial resolution or a narrow field-of-view(FOV).The problem originates from constituent refractive optics—the larger the aperture,the more challenging the correction of lens ***,it is impractical for a conventional optical imaging system to achieve an SBP over hundreds of *** address this unmet need,a variety of high-SBP imagers have emerged over the past decade,enabling an unprecedented resolution and FOV beyond the limit of conventional *** provide a comprehensive survey of high-SBP imaging techniques,exploring their underlying principles and applications in bioimaging.

关键词： space-bandwidth product bioimaging gigapixel imaging high resolution wide field of view

MEF2C regulates osteoclastogenesis and pathologic bone resorption via c-FOS

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Bone research 2021年第1期9卷 50-62页

作者： Takayuki Fujii Koichi Murata Se-Hwan Mun Seyeon Bae Ye Ji Lee Tannia Pannellini Kyuho Kang david Oliver Kyung-Hyun park-Min Lionel B.Ivashkiv Arthritis and Tissue Degeneration Program and david Z.rosensweig Genomics research Center Hospital for Special SurgeryNew YorkNY 10021USA Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Kyoto University Graduate School of MedicineSakyoKyoto 606-8507Japan Department of Advanced Medicine for rheumatic Diseases Kyoto University Graduate School of MedicineSakyoKyoto 606-8507Japan Department of Biology Chungbuk National UniversityCheongju 28644Republic of Korea BCMB Allied Program Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical ScienceNew YorkNY 10021USA Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Program Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical ScienceNew YorkNY 10021USA

Osteoporosis is a metabolic bone disease with dysregulated coupling between bone resorption and bone formation,which results in decreased bone mineral *** MEF2C locus,which encodes the transcription factor MADS box transcription enhancer factor 2,polypeptide C(MEF2C),is strongly associated with adult osteoporosis and osteoporotic *** the role of MEF2C in bone and cartilage formation by osteoblasts,osteocytes,and chondrocytes has been studied,the role of MEF2C in osteoclasts,which mediate bone resorption,remains *** this study,we identified MEF2C as a positive regulator of human and mouse osteoclast *** decreased MEF2C expression resulted in diminished osteoclastogenesis,ectopic expression of MEF2C enhanced osteoclast *** transcriptomic and bioinformatic approaches,we found that MEF2C promotes the rANKL-mediated induction of the transcription factors c-FOS and NFATc1,which play a key role in ***,MEF2C binds to FOS regulatory regions to induce c-FOS expression,leading to the activation of NFATC1 and downstream *** deletion of Mef2c in mice resulted in increased bone mass under physiological conditions and protected mice from bone erosion by diminishing osteoclast formation in K/BxN serum induced arthritis,a murine model of inflammatory *** findings reveal direct regulation of osteoclasts by MEF2C,thus adding osteoclasts as a cell type in which altered MEF2C expression or function can contribute to pathological bone remodeling.

关键词： osteoclast MEF2C pathologic

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全球国际收支失衡与新兴市场

国际经济评论 2006年第5期 45-48页

作者： Yung Chul park 樊纲 david Vines 韩国首尔大学全球商业和金融研究中心国民经济研究所牛津大学

十个亚洲经济体，包括中国、日本以及四个最新的工业化国家和地区——就是东亚的四个经济体，还有其他的东盟国家，他们的外汇储备合起来已经达到了2．6万亿（整理者注：这是2006年3月末数字）。在过去的几个月当中，我们可以看到：虽... 详细信息

十个亚洲经济体，包括中国、日本以及四个最新的工业化国家和地区——就是东亚的四个经济体，还有其他的东盟国家，他们的外汇储备合起来已经达到了2．6万亿（整理者注：这是2006年3月末数字）。在过去的几个月当中，我们可以看到：虽然外汇储备的增加量不像过去那么明显，但是我们仍然可以通过这样一个数字看到，中国和日本在外汇储备中占了66％，而那些新兴的工业化国家和地区占了28％，其他的东盟国家占了差不多7％。

关键词：国际收支失衡新兴市场亚洲经济体工业化国家全球外汇储备东盟国家中国

Hot Data Identification with Multiple Bloom Filters： Block-Level Decision vs I/O request-Level Decision

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Journal of Computer Science & Technology 2018年第1期33卷 79-97页

作者： Dongchul park Weiping He H. C. Du Division of Computer and Electronic Systems Engineering Hankuk University of Foreign Studies Gyeonggi-do 17035 Korea Intel Corporation Hillsboro OR 97124 U.S.A. Dell Storage Eden Prairie MN 55344 U.S.A. Department of Computer Science and Engineering University of Minnesota-Twin Cities Minneapolis MN 55455 U.S.A.

Hot data identification is crucial for many applications though few investigations have examined the subject. All existing studies focus almost exclusively on frequency. However, effectively identifying hot data requires equally considering recency and frequency. Moreover, previous studies make hot data decisions at the data block level. Such a fine-grained decision fits particularly well for flash-based storage because its random access achieves performance comparable with its sequential access. However, hard disk drives （HDDs） have a significant performance disparity between sequential and random access. Therefore, unlike flash-based storage, exploiting asymmetric HDD access performance requires making a coarse-grained decision. This paper proposes a novel hot data identification scheme adopting multiple bloom filters to efficiently characterize recency as well as frequency. Consequently, it not only consumes 50% less memory and up to 58% less computational overhead, but also lowers false identification rates up to 65% compared with a state-of-the-art scheme. Moreover, we apply the scheme to a next generation HDD technology, i.e., Shingled Magnetic recording （SMr）, to verify its effectiveness. For this, we design a new hot data identification based SMr drive with a coarse-grained decision. The experiments demonstrate the importance and benefits of accurate hot data identification, thereby improving the proposed SMr drive performance by up to 42%.

关键词： hot data bloom filter shingled magnetic recording (SMr)

roles of secreted frizzled-related proteins in cancer

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Acta Pharmacologica Sinica 2007年第9期28卷 1499-1504页

作者： david M JABLONS Thoracic Oncology Laboratory Department of SurgeryComprehensive Cancer CenterUniversity of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCA 94115USASRI International333 Ravenswood AvenueMenlo ParkCA 94025 USA

The Wnt signaling pathway is implicated in a variety of biological processesranging from developmental cell fate to human *** components involvedin Wnt signaling have been under intense investigation over the last 2 *** canonical Wnt activation has been linked to tumor formation andinvolves activation of effector molecules or loss of tumor suppressor *** frizzled-related proteins (sFrPs) are Wnt *** recent years,accumulating evidence has suggested that sFrPs act as tumor suppressorsbecause their expression is frequently silenced in cancer by promoter ***,sFrPs may also promote cell growth in some ***,wefocus on the known knowledge of sFrPs in tumorigenesis.

关键词： Wnt signaling pathway secreted frizzledrelated proteins cancer

Modeling Arctic Boundary Layer Cloud Streets at Grey-zone resolutions

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2020年第1期37卷 42-56页

作者： Hui-Wen LAI Fuqing ZHANG Eugene E.CLOTHIAUX david r.STAUFFEr Brian J.GAUDET Johannes VErLINDE Deliang CHEN Department of Meteorology and Atmospheric Science and Center for Advanced Data Assimilation and Predictability TechniquesThe Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPennsylvania 16802USA Department of Earth Sciences University of GothenburgGothenburg 40530Sweden Earth Systems Analysis and Modeling Pacific Northwest National LaboratoryRichlandWashington 99354USA

To better understand how model resolution affects the formation of Arctic boundary layer clouds,we investigated the influence of grid spacing on simulating cloud streets that occurred near Utqiaġvik(formerly Barrow),Alaska,on 2 May 2013 and were observed by MODIS(the Moderate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer).The Weather research and Forecasting model was used to simulate the clouds using nested domains with increasingly fine resolution ranging from a horizontal grid spacing of 27 km in the boundary-layer-parameterized mesoscale domain to a grid spacing of 0.111 km in the large-eddy-permitting *** investigated the model-simulated mesoscale environment,horizontal and vertical cloud structures,boundary layer stability,and cloud properties,all of which were subsequently used to interpret the observed roll-cloud *** model resolution led to a transition from a more buoyant boundary layer to a more shear-driven turbulent boundary *** clouds were stratiform-like in the mesoscale domain,but as the model resolution increased,roll-like structures,aligned along the wind field,appeared with ever smaller wavelengths.A stronger vertical water vapor gradient occurred above the cloud layers with decreasing grid *** fixed model grid spacing at 0.333 km,changing the model configuration from a boundary layer parameterization to a large-eddy-permitting scheme produced a more shear-driven and less unstable environment,a stronger vertical water vapor gradient below the cloud layers,and the wavelengths of the rolls decreased *** this study,only the large-eddy-permitting simulation with gird spacing of 0.111 km was sufficient to model the observed roll clouds.

关键词： cloud streets large eddy simulation grey zone Arctic clouds model resolution

TEACHING SUSTAINABILITY IN BUILDING DESIGN AND ENGINEErING

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Journal of Green Building 2007年第1期2卷 175-195页

作者： david r.riley Amy V.Grommes Corinne E.Thatcher American Indian Housing Initiative(AIHI) Partnership for Achieving Construction Excellence(PACE) Pennsylvania State University Center for Sustainability(CfS) Pennsylvania State University Department of Architectural Engineering Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPA 16802 Housing and Community Development Planning and Development DepartmentCity of Portland.389 Congress StreetRoom 308PortlandME 04101 104 Engineering Unit A Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPA 16802

Engineers and building designers make decisions that have critical impacts on the environment and society,making sensitivity to environmental and social concerns a must in the building *** pedagogical research has been conducted to develop and assess techniques for integrating sustainability into building design and engineering *** paper describes an undergraduate course geared toward instilling concepts of sustainability in students of building-related disciplines and presents the findings of a case study and literature review conducted to identify the key features that made the course *** features are outlined in the form of an easy-to-use Sustainability in Higher Education Assessment rubric(SHEAr)that faculty members can consult to shape effective programs and courses of their own to teach concepts of sustainability to their *** examples of this application are included,and recommendations for advancements in sustainability education are provided.

关键词： sustainability education engineering education environmental education service learning