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Experimental Evaluating of the Physical, Mechanical and Durability Properties of Natural, Recycled and Both Combined Aggregates Based Concretes

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Materials Sciences and Applications 2023年第3期14卷 117-141页

作者： Etienne Malbila Arba A.T. ouedraogo Nicolas Kagambega Gilbert G. Nana Sié Kam david Y. K. Toguyeni Ecole Supérieure d’Ingénierie (ESI) Université de Fada N’Gourma (UFDG) Fada-N’Gourma Burkina Faso Laboratoire d’Energies Thermiques Renouvelables (LETRE) Université Joseph KI ZERBO Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Laboratoire de Géosciences et Environnement (LaGE) Université Joseph KI ZERBO Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l’Environnement (LPCE) Université Joseph KI ZERBO Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Ecole Polytechnique de Ouagadougou (EPO) Ouagadougou Burkina Faso

This experimental study aims at the reuse of recycled aggregates (RA), resulting from the demolition of concrete, cement block and cement mortar, in the manufacture of common construction in Burkina Faso. The RA can readily replace natural aggregates in concrete. Then five formulations of natural and recycled aggregates based concrete for characteristic strength of 25 Mpa were prepared in addition to the natural aggregates base concrete named reference concrete (BN): two types of recycled aggregates concrete (BR), three types of recycles and natural combined aggregates base concrete (BC). The properties of natural and recycled aggregates were characterized and the physical, mechanical strength and durability properties were also evaluated for all concrete specimens. All the studied concrete formulation present a density between 2000 kg/m3 ≤ ρ ≥ 2600 kg/m3 and an average slump of 4.9 ± 0.1 cm. The obtained results indicate that the recycled aggregates are suitable for current concrete. Two out of the five combinations studied, such as the natural (BN) and combined aggregate (BC2) based concretes satisfy the mechanical characteristics (Rc28 > 25 MPa) at 28 days of age and an average absorption coefficient of 2.93% and 3.98%. The recycled aggregate based concrete (BR1, BR2) and combined aggregate based concrete (BC1), gave respective average compressive strength of 21.55 MPa, 20.50 MPa and 20.30 MPa, i.e. a difference of 13.80% to 18.80% under the characteristic strength (25 MPa) aimed at 28 days of age. Thus, the recycled aggregates are in conformity with the normative prescriptions and their use for standard concrete gives adequate physical, mechanical and durability properties for the production of the C20/25 concrete series in the common civil engineering applications.

关键词： Concrete Demolition Waste Aggregate Recycled Aggregate Strength Water Absorption

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Chest Radiography: General Practitioners’ Compliance with Recommendations

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Open Journal of Medical Imaging 2024年第2期14卷 56-63页

作者： Milckisédek Judicaël Marouruana Some Aïda Ida Tankoano Pakisba Ali ouedraogo Bassirou Kindo Nina-Astrid ouedraogo Mohammed Ali Harchaoui Department of Medical Imaging The Ouahigouya Regional University Hospital University of Ouahigouya Ouahigouya Burkina Faso Department of Medical Imaging Souro Sanou University Hospital Nazi Boni University Bobo Dioulasso Burkina Faso Department of Medical Imaging Bogodogo University Hospital Joseph Ki Zerbo University Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Private Radiologist Lille France

Introduction: Chest radiography is the most frequently prescribed imaging test in general practice in France. We aimed to assess the extent to which general practitioners follow the recommendations of the French National Authority for Health in prescribing chest radiography. Methodology: We conducted a retrospective analysis study, in two radiology centers belonging to the same group in Saint-Omer and Aire-sur-la-Lys, of requests for chest radiography sent by general practitioners over the winter period between December 22, 2013, and March 21, 2014, for patients aged over 18 years. Results: One hundred and seventy-seven requests for chest X-rays were analyzed, 71.75% of which complied with recommendations. The most frequent reason was the search for bronchopulmonary infection, accounting for 70.08% of prescriptions, followed by 11.2% for requests to rule out pulmonary neoplasia, whereas the latter reason did not comply with recommendations. Chest X-rays contributed to a positive diagnosis in 28.81% of cases. The positive diagnosis was given by 36.22% of the recommended chest X-rays, versus 10% for those not recommended. Conclusion: In most cases, general practitioners follow HAS recommendations for prescribing chest X-rays. Non-recommended chest X-rays do not appear to make a major contribution to diagnosis or patient management, confirming the value of following the recommendations of the French National Authority for Health.

关键词： Chest X-Ray Recommendations General Practitioners Prescription

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Establishment of a Model for the Calculation of the COP of a Solar Adsorption Refrigerator

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Smart Grid and Renewable Energy 2023年第11期14卷 197-208页

作者： Amadou Konfe Gilbert G. Nana Salif ouedraogo Sié Kam Laboratory of Thermal and Renewable Energies University Joseph Ki-Zerbo Ouagadougou Burkina Faso

This paper deals with the evaluation of the Coefficient of Performance (COP) of solar adsorption refrigeration. In the literature, simulation models to predict the thermal behaviour and the coefficient of performance of these systems are uncommon. This is why we suggest a model to simulate the operation of the machine in a typical hot and dry climate of the city of Ouagadougou. The objective is to provide a model for calculating the COP from the measurement of the ambient temperature and the irradiation of a given site. Starting from mathematical modelling, a resolution and simulation were made with COMSOL software based on the Dubinin-Astakhov adsorption model, the heat transfer balance equations, and the Linear Driving Force (LDF) model to describe the thermal behaviour of the system. A one-week measurement sequence on the adsorption solar refrigerator at the Albert Schweitzer Ecological Centre (CEAS) validated the numerical results. The measurement shows that for the days with high sunshine, the temperature of the reaction medium reaches 110°C, and the pressure reaches 500 mbar. This leads to a production of cold that allows it to reach the temperature of -5°C at the evaporator. Under these conditions, the COP is worth 14%. These results are obtained both by numerical simulation using the COMSOL 5.1 software and after a measurement session on the solar refrigerator available to the CEAS. We obtained an experimental and theoretical coefficient of performance varying between 9% and 14% with a difference of between 0% and 3%. We conclude that our model is suitable to estimate the COP of any device based on its thermal properties, the ambient temperature and the irradiation of a given site.

关键词： Solar Refrigeration Adsorption Coefficient of Performance Modelling

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Ent Emergencies in Elderly People in Ouagadougou

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International Journal of Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery 2018年第1期7卷 1-6页

作者： ouedraogo Bertin Priva Sawadogo Mathurine Bambara Céline Ouoba Kampadilemba Service ORL CHU-Blaise Compaoré Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Service ORL CHU-Yalgado Ouedraogo Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Service ORL et CCF CHU-YO Ouagadougou Burkina Faso

Introduction: The world’s population over 60 years old is experiencing a significant increase. They represent 5.1% of Burkina Faso’s population. This specific group because of the much specificity that characterizes, is more vulnerable because of aging. What are the clinical, therapeutic and evolving aspects of ENT emergencies in this group? The aim of this study is to describe the clinical, therapeutic and evolutionary aspects of ENT emergencies in elderly people in ENT department of the Universitary Hospital Yalgado ouedraogo at Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso). Patients and methods We conducted a retrospective, descriptive and analytical study from January 1, 2009 to December 31, 2015, for a period of 7 years. It included all patients aged 60 years and over who received a consultation or hospitalization in the period in an emergency table. Results: We recorded 129 cases of ENT emergency out of a total of 27890 patients, a frequency of 0.46% and an annual average of 19 cases. These ENT emergencies represented 26.7% of the general ENT pathology in the elderly for the same period. We noted a male predominance with a sex ratio of 1.1. Admission mode was the reference in 76% of cases. Absolute or true emergencies accounted for 55.8%. Etiologies of emergencies were dominated by infections, dyspneising tumors and pharyngoesophageal foreign bodies. Endoscopic exploration under general anesthesia was the most performed surgical procedure followed by drainage incision. A total of 41.1% of patients were hospitalized with an average hospital stay of 5 days. We recorded 13 deaths or 10.1%. Conclusion: The etiologies of ENT emergencies in the elderly were dominated by infections and tumors seen late, hence the interest of a better organization of hospital services to promote early consultation.

关键词： ENT Emergencies Elderly Ouagadougou

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Sexual and Reproductive Health Knowledge and Behaviour among Adolescents in Rural Burkina Faso

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2024年第9期14卷 1422-1430页

作者： Yobi Alexis Sawadogo Issa Ouédraogo Sibraogo Kiemtoré Ali Sie Clarisse Dah Adama Ouattara Hulda W. Nana Emmanuel ouedraogo Charlemagne ouedraogo Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Bogodogo University Hospital Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Health Science Training and Research Unit Joseph Ki-Zerbo University Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Ouahigouya Regional University Hospital Ouahigouya Burkina Faso Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Yalgado Oudraogo University Hospital Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Nouna Health Research Centre Nouna Burkina Faso

Background: Adolescents in developing countries have limited knowledge about the prevention of STIs and unwanted pregnancies. In several African countries, risky sexual behaviour persists, including early sexual debut, multiple sexual partners, economic and sexual exchange, and low condom and contraceptive use. The purpose of this study is to assess the sexual and reproductive health knowledge and behaviour of adolescents in rural Burkina Faso in order to improve their sexual and reproductive health. Method: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study with prospective data collection conducted from 07 March to 04 April 2022 in the area of the Demographic and Health Surveillance System of the Nouna Research Centre. A questionnaire was administered to a randomly selected sample of 1202 adolescents. Results: The mean age of the adolescents was 14.1 years and 56.6% were male. Only 58.2% of the adolescents had ever heard of HIV/AIDS. Of these, 95.7% did not know their HIV status. In addition, 15.8% had ever had sexual intercourse and 2.4% had been sexually active at an early age. Almost 45% had not used any contraceptive method the last time they had sex. Condoms were the most frequently used contraceptive method (47.4%). Among teenagers, 27.6% had been pregnant at least once, 7.3% were married and the average age at marriage was 18.45 years. Almost 7% (6.9%) of teenagers had more than one sexual partner. Conclusion: Adolescents have limited knowledge about reproductive health. Risky sexual behaviour persists. Awareness campaigns need to be intensified to improve their sexual and reproductive health.

关键词： Knowledge Behaviour Reproductive Health Adolescents Nouna Burkina Faso

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Ultrasound of the Rotator Cuff in Non-Fractured Shoulder Trauma: 30 Cases at the Yalgado ouedraogo University Hospital of Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso)

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Open Journal of Medical Imaging 2024年第2期14卷 64-71页

作者： Milckisédek Judicaël Marouruana Some Aïda Ida Tankoano Pakisba Ali ouedraogo Ladouon Sylvie Simboro Bassirou Kindo Siaka Ben Aziz Dao Rabiou Cisse Department of Medical Imaging The Ouahigouya Regional University Hospital University of Ouahigouya Ouahigouya Burkina Faso Department of Medical Imaging Souro Sanou University Hospital Nazi Boni University Bobo Dioulasso Burkina Faso Department of Medical Imaging Workers Health Office Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Department of Medical Imaging Yalgado Oudraogo University Hospital Joseph Ki Zerbo University Ouagadougou Burkina Faso

Introduction: Ultrasound is the imaging technique of choice for the study of rotator cuff lesions. However, in the case of shoulder trauma, it is rarely requested in our context. This study aimed to show ultrasound lesions of the rotator cuff in cases of non-fracture shoulder trauma at the CHUYO in Ouagadougou. Methodology: This was a prospective descriptive cross-sectional study running from August 1 to November 30, 2017, in the medical imaging department of CHUYO. The study population consisted of patients received in the department for ultrasound in the context of non-fracture shoulder trauma. Results: We collected 20 cases (66.67%) of rotator cuff lesions out of 30 non-fracture shoulder injuries. The mean age of the patients was 27.6 years. Road traffic accidents accounted for 60% of injuries, sports accidents for 30%, and domestic accidents for 10%. Ultrasound lesions were mainly tendon ruptures (36.67%) and tendinitis (23.33%). Ruptures were non-transfixing in 90.90% of cases. The supraspinatus was the most affected (81.81%). Conclusion: Ultrasound can help diagnose rotator cuff injuries, particularly in non-fractured shoulder trauma.

关键词： Traumatic Shoulder Rotator Cuff Ultrasound

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Characterisation of Biomasses for Their Valorisation in Energy and Biochar Production: Case of Cotton Stalks, Maize Rachis and Rice Husk

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Engineering（科研） 2022年第5期14卷 173-183页

作者： Moussa dit Corneille Tarpilga Bétaboalé Naon François ouedraogo Université Nazi Boni Bobo Dioulasso Burkina Faso

The main source of energy for most African families remains firewood. The exploitation of this resource is the main cause of accelerated environmental degradation with its consequences which are climate change and soil impoverishment. However, agricultural residues are often available and even abandoned in fields after harvest. In this regard, we have characterized three biomass with no economic value in order to use them for the production of biochar to improve soil quality while providing the energy necessary for household cooking. Our research was based on the following biomasses: cotton stalks, maize rachis and rice husks. The study made it possible to characterize the biomasses which could be used for combustion and/or pyrolysis. From the results obtained, we could observe a high ash content in the rice husk (24.21%) against 2.41% for cotton stalks and 2.00% for maize rachis. These results influence the calorific value of the rice husk, thus allowing it to be used matter in pyrolysis and not in combustion. In addition, cotton stalks and corn rachis can be used both as fuel and as biomass to be pyrolyzed.

关键词： Characterization of Biomass Energy Pyrolysis Combustion Biochar

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Study of the Potential for the Solar Concentrating Sector in Burkina Faso

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Journal of Energy and Power Engineering 2022年第3期16卷 114-120页

作者： Stanislas Sanfo Serge Dimitri Bazyomo Tizane Dao Abdoulaye ouedraogo Laboratory of Physics and Chemistry of Environment(LPCE) Department of PhysicsUnit of Training and Research on Exact and Applied SciencesBP 7021University Joseph KI-ZERBOOuagadougouBurkina Faso Laboratory of Thermal and Renewable Energies Department of PhysicsUnit of Training and Research on Exact and Applied SciencesBP 7021University Joseph KI-ZERBOOuagadougouBurkina Faso

The results of atmospheric effect characterization on the town of Ouagadougou in Burkina Faso are presented and the link with the availability of the direct component of solar radiation is *** meteorological data are treated to set a system of constant references which are used to extrapolate the likely atmospheric effect given by the other experimental meteorological data from 1976 to *** results the periods of strong monthly attenuation of the solar potential are pointed out.

关键词： Solar radiation direct component solar potential Burkina Faso experimental data.

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On a Compound Poisson Risk Model Perturbed by Brownian Motion with Variable Premium and Tail Dependence between Claims Amounts and Inter-Claim Time

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Open Journal of Statistics 2024年第1期14卷 1-37页

作者： Delwendé Abdoul-Kabir Kafando Kiswendsida Mahamoudou ouedraogo Pierre Clovis Nitiema Department of Mathematics University Joseph Ki-Zerbo Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Department of Mathematics University Ouaga 3s Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Department of Mathematics University Thomas-Sankara Ouagadougou Burkina Faso

This paper considers the compound Poisson risk model perturbed by Brownian motion with variable premium and dependence between claims amounts and inter-claim times via Spearman copula. It is assumed that the insurance company’s portfolio is governed by two classes of policyholders. On the one hand, the first class where the amount of claims is high, and on the other hand, the second class where the amount of claims is low, this difference in claim amounts has significant implications for the insurance company’s pricing and risk management strategies. When policyholders are in the first class, they pay an insurance premium of a constant amount c1 and when they are in the second class, the premium paid is a constant amount c2 such that c1 > c2. The nature of claims (low or high) is measured via random thresholds . The study in this work will focus on the determination of the integro-differential equations satisfied by Gerber-Shiu functions and their Laplace transforms in the risk model perturbed by Brownian motion with variable premium and dependence between claims amounts and inter-claim times via Spearman copula. .

关键词： Gerber-Shiu Function Copula Integro-Differential Equation Laplace Trans-form Brownian Motion

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Determination of the Performance Scores of a Photovoltaic Power Plant Connected to the Grid: The Zagtouli Photovoltaic Power Plant in Burkina-Faso

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Advances in Materials Physics and Chemistry 2024年第11期14卷 264-272页

作者： Toussaint Tilado Guingane Eric Korsaga Sosthène Tassembedo Rene ouedraogo Physics UFR/SEA Materials and Environment Laboratory (LAME) Pr. Joseph Ki ZERBO University Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Physics UFR/ST Science and Technology Laboratory (LaST) Thomas SANKARA University Ouagadougou Burkina Faso

Photovoltaic solar energy is still in its infancy in Burkina Faso, despite the country’s high solar potential. The electricity grid is experiencing an increase in demand for energy, creating a shortfall in supply. The Zagtouli photovoltaic solar power plant in Burkina Faso is the first milestone in the development of renewable photovoltaic energy, with a rated output of 33.6 Megawatts peak, to strengthen the electricity grid by reducing hydrocarbon consumption. The aim of this work is to evaluate the performance of the plant by proposing a performance score for the Zagtouli plant, which should provide a basis for assessing the performance of a power plant. To meet the objectives, we collected data for three consecutive years of production, from 2019 to 2021. From this data, we used the method based on the calculation of the performance indicators specified by the International Energy Agency (IEA) and described in the standardised norms IEC (International Electrotechnical Commission) CEI61724, and we also carried out a performance classification using the K-Means method. It is clear that with the results obtained for the PR performance index (over 70%), the installation can be classified as one of the best-performing systems. It also emerges that various losses (temperatures on the panels, cabling, partial shading, spectral losses, dirt, and unexpected inverter failures) have a negative impact on the installation’s energy production.

关键词： Solar Energy Solar Power Plant Climatic Parameters Performance Classification

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