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Preface

Frontiers of Chem.cal Science and Engineering 2016年第2期10卷 177-177页

作者： Zhen Huang david m. j. lilley Departm.nt of Chem.stry Department of Biology Georgia State University Atlanta USA School of Life Sciences University of Dundee Dundee UK

Nucleic acids in living cells store genetic inform.tion, conduct self-replication, tem.lated RNA transcription and protein translation, and regulate signal transduction pathways and inform.tion flow. They can bind lig...

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An integrative view of the signaling phenotype： Dynam.c links between signals, physiology, behavior and social context

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Current Zoology 2014年第6期60卷 739-754页

作者： m.ren N. VITOUSEK david m. ZONANA Rebecca j. SAFRAN Departm.nt of Neurobiology and Behavior Comell University Ithaca New York 14853 USA Departm.nt of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Colorado Boulder Colorado 80309 USA

Signal traits are often linked with the physiological state and behavior of their bearer. Direct exam.nation of the causal links am.ng these variables has provided substantial insight into the inform.tion content of signals, and into the costs and benefits of signal expression. Yet recent em.irical work suggests that the social context in which signals are developed and displayed can play a m.j.r role not only in how signals are received, but also in coordinating and m.diating the signaling phenotype itself. Here we review both well-established and em.rging evidence for direct feedbacks am.ng an individual＇s physiological state, be- havior, and signal elaboration. We then describe an integrative view of signaling that takes into account the bidirectional rela- tionships am.ng com.onents of phenotype and the social context in which signals are developed and displayed. Integrating dy- nam.c feedback between context and phenotype within m.dels of the evolution and m.intenance of signals m.y yield insights into how signals evolve, how signaling phenotypes are coordinated and m.intained on ecological and evolutionary tim. scales, and how static signals continue to convey relevant phenotypic inform.tion about their bearer through tim..

关键词： Behavior Phenotype Physiology Signal trait Social feedback Sexual selection

Chem.sensory response in stunted prairie rattlesnakes Crotalus viridis viridis

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Current Zoology 2013年第2期59卷 175-179页

作者： Anthony j. SAVIOLA david CHISZAR Hobart m. Sm.TH Stephen Em.CKESSY School of Biological Sciences University of Northern Colorado Greeley CO 80639 USA. Departm.nt of Psychology University of Colorado Boulder Colorado 80309 USA Departm.nt of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Colorado Boulder CO 80309 USA

Rattlesnakes use chem.cal stim.li in am.ush site selection and for relocation of envenom.ted prey through atrike-induced chem.sensory searching. Shifts in responsiveness to prey chem.cals have been docum.nted in m.ny snakes, and often correlate with prey com.only taken as snakes increase in age and size as well as geographical locations of the species. For instance, neonate rattlesnakes that prey prim.rily on ectotherm. responded m.st strongly to chem.cal cues of com.only taken lizard prey, whereas adult rattlesnakes that prey prim.rily on sm.ll m.m.als responded significantly to chem.cal cues of com. m.nly taken rodents. In the current study, 11 Prairie Rattlesnakes Crotalus viridis viridis which were classified as large neonates based on m.asures of snout-vent length （SVL） and body m.ss, yet chronologically were at or near adulthood, were tested for their responsiveness to chem.cal extracts of natural and non-natural prey item.. Although the snakes had eaten only neonate lab m.ce （m.s m.sculus）, they responded significantly m.re to chem.cal cues of natural prey item. and particularly to chem.cal cues of prey norm.lly taken by subadults （Perom.scus m.ce and Sceloporus lizard）. These results suggest that ontogenetic shifts in re- sponsiveness to natural prey chem.cal cues are innately program.ed and are not based on body size or feeding experience in C. v. viridis. This does not im.ly, however, that growth and experience are without effects, especially with novel prey or rare prey that have experienced recent population expansion [Current Zoology 59 （2）： 175-179, 2013].

关键词： Chem.cal cues Chem.reception Crotalus viridis viridis Prey choice Vom.ronasal

Aphis （Hem.ptera： Aphididae） species groups found in the m.dwestern United States and their contribution to the phylogenetic knowledge of the genus

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Insect Science 2014年第3期21卷 374-391页

作者： Doris m. Lagos david j. Voegtlin Arm.lle Coeur d'aciert Rosanna Giordano Departm.nt of Entom.logy University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign 320 Morrill Hall 505 S. Goodwin Avenue Urbana IL 61801 Illinois Natural History Survey Prairie Research Institute University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign 1816 S Oak Street Champaign IL 61820 USA INRA-Um. 1062 CBGP (INRA IRD CIRAD Montpellier SupAgro) Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations Campus International de Baillarguet CS 30 016 F-34 988 Montferrier-sur-Lez France

A phylogeny of the genus Aphis Linnaeus, 1 758 was built prim.rily from.specim.ns collected in the m.dwest of the United States. A data m.trix was constructedwith 68 species and 41 m.rphological characters with respective character states of alate and apterous viviparous fem.les. Dendrogram.topologies of analyses perform.d usingUPGm. （Unweighted Pair Group m.thod with Arithm.tic m.an）, m.xim.m.Parsim.ny and Bayesian analysis of Cytochrom. Oxidase I, Elongation Factor 1-α and prim.ry endosym.iont Buchnera aphidicola 16S sequences were not congruent. Bayesian analysis strongly supported m.st term.nal nodes of the phylogenetic trees. The phylogeny wasstrongly supported by EFI-α, and analysis of COl and EFI-α m.lecular data com.ined with m.rphological characters. It was not supported by single analysis of COI or Buch-hera aphidicola 16S. Results from.the Bayesian phylogeny show 4 m.in species groups： asclepiadis,fabae, gossypii, and m.ddletonii. Results place Aphis and species of the generaProtaphis Bōrner, 1952, Toxoptera Koch, 1856 and Xerobion Nevsky, 1928 in a m.nophyletic clade. m.rphological characters support this m.nophyly as well. The phylogenyshows that the m.nophyletic clade of the North Am.rican m.ddletonii species group belong to the genus Protaphis： P. debilicornis （Gillette ＆ Palm.r, 1929）, com.. nov., P. echinaceae（Lagos and Voegtlin, 2009）, com.. nov., and P. m.ddletonii （Thom.s, 1879）. The genus Toxoptera should be considered a subgenus of Aphis （stat. nov.）. The analysis also indicatesthat the current genus Iowana Frison, 1954 should be considered a subgenus of Aphis （stat. nov.）.

关键词： aphid host plant m.rphology phylogenetic relationship sequence divergences synonym

Rufous-and-white wrens Thryophilus rufalbus do not exhibit a dear enem. effects towards conspecific or heterospecific com.etitors

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Current Zoology 2015年第1期61卷 23-33页

作者： m.tthew m. BATTISTON david R. WILSON Brendan A. GRAHAm.Kristin A. KOVACH Daniel j. m.NNILL Departm.nt of Biological Sciences University of Windsor Windsor Ontario Canada N9B 3P4

m.ny territorial anim.ls exhibit reduced aggression towards neighbours. Known as ＂the dear enem. effect＂, this phenom.non has been docum.nted am.ng conspecific anim.ls across a wide range of anim.l taxa. In theory, the dear enem. ef- fect can also exist between individuals of different species, particularly when those species com.ete for shared resources. To date, a heterospecific dear enem. effects has only been docum.nted in ants. In this study, we test for both a conspecific and heterospe- cific dear enem. effect in neotropical rufous-and-white wrens Thryophilus rufalbus. This species com.etes for resources with banded wrens Thryophilus pleurostictus, a closely related sym.atric congener. We used acoustic playback to sim.late ruf- ous-and-white wren and banded wren neighbours and non-neighbours at the edges of rufous-and-white wren territories. Ruf- ous-and-white wrens responded m.re strongly to signals from.their own species, dem.nstrating that resident m.les discrim.nate between conspecific and heterospecific rivals. They did not, however, exhibit a conspecific dear enem. effect. Further, they did not exhibit a heterospecific dear enem. effect. This could be due to neighbours and non-neighbours posing sim.lar levels of threat in this system. to the possibility that playback from.the edges of the subj.cts＇ large territories did not sim.late a threatening signal, or to other factors. Our study provides the first test of a heterospecific dear enem. effect in vertebrates, and presents a valuable experim.ntal approach for testing for a heterospecific dear enem. effect in other anim.ls [Current Zoology 61 （1）： 23-33, 2015].

关键词： Conspecific aggression Dear enem. effect Heterospecific aggression Intra-specific interactions Inter-specific interactions Resource com.etition

Self-assem.led form.tion of long, thin, and uncoalesced GaN nanowires on crystalline TiN film.

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Nano Research 2018年第1期11卷 565-576页

作者： david van Treeck Gabriele Calabrese j.lle j. W. Goertz Vladim.r m. Kaganer Oliver Brandt Sergio Fernandez-Garrido, Lutz Geelhaar PauI-Drude-lnstitut f~r Festk6rperelektronik Leibniz-lnstitut im Forschungsverbund Berlin e.V. Hausvogteiplatz 5-7 I 0117 Berlin Germany

We investigate in detail the self-assem.led nucleation and growth of vertically oriented GaN nanowires by m.lecular beam.epitaxy on crystalline TiN film.. We dem.nstrate that this type of substrate allows for the growth of long and thin GaN nanowires that do not suffer from.coalescence, a problem.com.on to the growth on Si and other substrates. Only beyond a certain nanowire length that depends on the nanowire density and exceeds here 1.5 bun, coalescence takes place by bundling, i.e. the sam. process as on Si. By analyzing the nearest neighbor distance distribution, we identify the diffusion-induced repulsion of neighboring nanowires as the m.in m.chanism.lim.ting nanowire density during nucleation on TiN. Since on Si the final density is determ.ned by shadowing of the im.inging m.lecular beam. by existing nanowires, it is the difference in adatom.surface diffusion that enables the form.tion of nanowire ensem.les with reduced density on TiN. These nanowire ensem.les com.ine properties that m.ke them.a prom.sing basis for the growth of core-shell heterostructures.

关键词： nanocolum. gallium.nitride nucleation m.tal substrate coalescence core-shell

A laser extinction based sensor for sim.ltaneous droplet size and vapor m.asurem.nt

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Particuology 2012年第1期10卷 9-16页

作者： Xueqiang Sun david j. Ewing Lin m. College of Autom.tic Control and m.chanical Engineering Kunming University Kunming 650214 China Departm.nt of Aerospace and Ocean Engineering Virginia Tech Blacksburg VA 24063 USA

m.ltiphase flows involving liquid droplets in association with gas flow occur in m.ny industrial and sci- entific applications. Recent work has dem.nstrated the feasibility of using optical techniques based on laser extinction to sim.ltaneously m.asure vapor concentration and tem.erature and droplet size and loading. This work introduces the theoretical background for the optim.l design of such laser extinction techniques, term.d Wm.E （wavelength-m.ltiplexed laser extinction）. This paper focuses on the devel- opm.nt of Wm.E and presents a system.tic m.thodology to guide the selection of suitable wavelengths and optim.ze the perform.nce of Wm.E for specific applications. Wm.E utilizing wavelengths from.0.5 to 10 ixm.is illustrated for droplet size and vapor concentration m.asurem.nts in an exam.le of water spray, and is found to enable unique and sensitive Sauter m.an diam.ter m.asurem.nt in the range of ~1-15 ~m.along with accurate vapor detection. A vapor detection strategy based on differential absorp- tion is developed to extend accurate m.asurem.nt to a significantly wider range of droplet loading and vapor concentration as com.ared to strategies based on direct fixed-wavelength absorption. Expected perform.nce of the sensor is m.deled for an evaporating spray. This work is expected to lay the ground- work for im.lem.nting optical sensors based on Wm.E in a variety of research and industrial applications involving m.lti-phase flows.

关键词： Wavelength-m.ltiplexed laser extinctionDropletm.asurem.ntLaserExtinctionAbsorptionSpectroscopy

Sound m.dulation in Singing Katydids Using Ionic Polym.r-m.tal Com.osites （IPm.s）

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j.urnal of Bionic Engineering 2013年第4期10卷 464-468页

作者： Yan Zhou Cheng-Wei Chiu Carlos j. Sanchez j.rge m. Gonzalez Benj.m.n Epstein david Rhodes S. Bradleigh Vinson Hong Liang m.terials Science and Engineering Texas A&M University College Station TX 77843 USA Departm.nt of m.chanical Engineering Texas' A&M University College Station TX 77843 USA Departm.nt of Entom.logy Texas A&M University College Station TX77843 USA Departm.nt of Plant Science California State University Fresno CA 93740 USA OpCoast LLC Brick NJ08723 USA

m.ny insect fam.lies have evolved to produce and detect com.lex singing patterns for the purposes of m.ting, display of dom.nance, predator escape, and other needs. While the m.chanism. of sound production by insects have been thoroughly studied, m.n-m.chine exploitation of such m.chanism. has rem.ined unreported. We therefore describe a m.thod to m.dulate the frequency spectrum.in the chirp call of a singing insect, Gam.socleis gratiosa （Orthoptera： Tettigoniidae）, a large katydid indigenous to China and com.only known as Guo Guo or Chinese Bush Cricket. The chirp m.dulation was achieved through the contact of a ribbon of lonic Polym.r-m.tal Com.osite （IPm.） against wing of the insect. The IPm. effectively served as an actuator when a sm.ll DC voltage was applied to the ribbon＇s faces. By applying a sequential on/off voltage waveform.to the IPm. ribbon, the katydid＇s chirp was m.dulated in a corresponding m.nner. This configuration can be used as part of a broader application of using singing insects to harness their acoustic power to produce and propagate m.chine-induced m.ssages into the acoustic environm.nt.

关键词： chirp m.dulation katydid IPm.

Oxygation Enhances Growth,Gas Exchange and Salt Tolerance of Vegetable Soybean and Cotton in a Saline Vertisol

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j.urnal of Integrative Plant Biology 2009年第7期51卷 675-688页

作者： Surya P. Bhattarai david j. m.dm.re Centre for Plant and Water Science Department of Molecular and Life SciencesCentral Queensland University

Im.acts of salinity becom. severe when the soil is deficient in oxygen. OxygaUon （using aerated water for subsurface drip irrigation of crop） could m.nim.ze the im.act of salinity on plants under oxygen-lim.ting soil environm.nts. Pot experim.nts were conducted to evaluate the effects of oxygation （12% air volum./volum. of water） on vegetable soybean （m.derately salt tolerant） and cotton （salt tolerant） in a salinized vertisol at 2, 8, 14, 20 dS/m.ECe. In vegetable soybean, oxygation increased above ground biom.ss yield and water use efficiency （WUE） by 13% and 22%, respectively, com.ared with the control. Higher yield with oxygation was accom.anied by greater plant height and stem.diam.ter and reduced specific leaf area and leaf Na^＋ and CI^- concentrations. In cotton, oxygation increased lint yield and WUE by 18% and 16%, respectively, com.ared with the control, and was accom.anied by greater canopy light interception, plant height and stem.diam.ter. Oxygation also led to a greater rate of photosynthesis, higher relative water content in the leaf, reduced crop water stress index and lower leaf water potential. It did not, however, affect leaf Na^＋ or CI^- concentration. Oxygation invariably increased, whereas salinity reduced the K^＋： Na^＋ ratio in the leaves of both species. Oxygation im.roved yield and WUE perform.nce of salt tolerant and m.derately tolerant crops under saline soil environm.nts, and this m.y have a significant im.act for irrigated agriculture where saline soils pose constraints to crop production.

关键词： cotton irrigation light interception oxygation saline soil salt exclusion stem.diam.ter vegetable soybean