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Novel ecosystems in ecological restoration and rehabilitation:Innovative planning or lowering the bar?

Ecological Processes 2014年第1期3卷 186-189页

作者： Michael P Perring Patrick Audet david lamb Ecosystem Restoration and Intervention Ecology Research Group School of Plant BiologyThe University of Western Australia35 Stirling HighwayPerth(Crawley)WA 6009Australia Northern Forestry Centre Canadian Forestry ServiceNatural Resources Canada5320-122nd StreetEdmontonABT6H 3S5Canada Centre for Mined Land Rehabilitation Sustainable Minerals InstituteThe University of QueenslandSir James Foots BuildingBrisbane(St Lucia)QLD 4072Australia

Stemming from a special symposium at the 2012 inaugural meeting of the Society for Ecological Restoration Australasia in Perth,Western Australia,this special issue editorial addresses novel ecosystems in ecological restoration and the inherent challenges of maintaining the highest standards of environmental stewardship and biological conservation in the face of increasing urbanization,agricultural expansion,and *** others,we(the Guest Editors)view novel ecosystems as offering opportunities for conservation and restoration in the coming years and a pragmatic recognition that it may not always be possible,or desirable,to overcome adverse consequences of environmental degradation to reinstate historical *** mindful of hubris and taking into account difficulties with identification,novel ecosystems may be viewed as a temporary or interim stage on the way towards the evolution of other future ecosystems able to supply a variety of ecosystem services,while attempting to maintain and enhance biodiversity,function and ***,a concise summary of contributions to the special issue and their significance to the field of restoration ecology is provided noting that authors were tasked to answer whether novel ecosystems are innovative planning or lowering the bar in ecological *** themes shared by the manuscripts are elucidated leading to guiding principles and,more importantly,an assessment of how and why restoration priorities are changing in the 21^(st)century.

关键词： ecosystems restoration consequences

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Does A High-Carbohydrate Breakfast Improve Performance？

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中国运动医学杂志 2009年第1期28卷 88-96页

作者： Clyde Williams PhD FACSM david lamb FACSM

KEY POINTS·Fatigue during prolonged heavy exercise is often associated with low or depleted muscle glycogen stores and with lowered blood glucose.·Eating a high-carbohydrate meal 2-4 h before constant-pace exercise can improve endurance capacity (time to exhaustion) but may not be advantageous in time-trials,especially if sports drinks are consumed during the trials.·Contrary to earlier reports,there appear to be no adverse effects on endurance capacity of consuming well-formulated carbohydrate solutions within the hour before exercise.

关键词：运动医学锻炼习惯运动疲劳恢复措施体育运动

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Effect of stripe rust on the yield response of wheat to nitrogen

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The Crop Journal 2014年第4期2卷 201-206页

作者： Rakhesh Devadas Steven Simpfendorfer david Backhouse david W.lamb Climate Change Cluster (C3) Faculty of Sciences University of Technology Sydney Australia Precision Agriculture Research Group University of New England Armidale NSW 2351 Australia NSW Department of Primary Industries Tamworth NSW 2340 Australia School of Environmental and Rural Science University of New England Armidale NSW 2351 Australia Cooperative Research Centre for Spatial Information P.O. Box 672 Carlton South VIC 3053 Australia

Nitrogen(N) is the most important fertiliser element determining the productivity of wheat.N nutrition is known to affect the level of stripe rust infection, with higher N associated with increased disease severity. Stripe rust, caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici, is a major yield-limiting disease of wheat in Australia. This paper describes experiments designed to investigate the agronomic response to the interaction of various levels of N application and stripe rust severity in wheat varieties differing in response. Experimental plots were established in crop seasons 2006 and 2007 on the Liverpool Plains of northern NSW, ***, biomass, grain protein content(GPC) and harvest index(HI) data were *** rates of N increased the severity of stripe rust during grain filling. N application also increased yield and GPC in all varieties in both years. Stripe rust reduced the yield of the rust-susceptible wheat varieties, and GPC and proportion of added N recovered in the grain were also reduced in one year but not the other. It was evident from our experiment that stripe rust caused yield loss accompanied by either no change or reduction in GPC, indicating that the total amount of N entering the grain was reduced by stripe rust. The effects of stripe rust on N yield are most likely associated with reduced uptake of N during grain filling.

关键词： Puccinia striiformis Yield Grain protein Nitrogen deficiency

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Prediction of Water Content of Eucalyptus Leaves Using 2.4 GHz Radio Wave

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Journal of Electromagnetic Analysis and Applications 2021年第8期13卷 111-122页

作者： Sonam Peden Ronald C. Bradbury david William lamb Mark Hedley Precision Agriculture Research Group University of New England Armidale NSW Australia College of Science and Technology Royal University of Bhutan Rinchending Bhutan Food Agility Cooperative Research Centre University of New England Armidale NSW Australia CSIRO Data61 Marsfield NSW Australia

Assessing plant water status is important for monitoring plant physiology. Previous studies showed that radio waves are attenuated when passing through vegetation such as trees. The degree of radio frequency (RF) loss has previously been measured for various tree types but the relationship between water content and RF loss has not been quantified. In this study, the amount of water inside leaves was expressed as an effective water path (EWP), the thickness of a hypothetical sheet of 100% water with the same mass. A 2.4331 GHz radio wave was transmitted through a wooden frame covered on both sides with 5 mm clear acrylic sheets and filled with Eucalyptus laevopinea leaves. The RF loss through the leaves was measured for different stages of drying. The results showed that there is a nonlinear relationship between effective water path (EWP) in mm and RF loss in dB. It can be concluded that 2.4 GHz frequency radio waves can be used to predict the water content inside eucalyptus leaves (0 < EWP < 14 mm;RMSE ± 0.87 mm) and demonstrates the potential to measure the water content of whole trees.

关键词： Radio Attenuation Leaves Water Content Path Loss Vegetation Depth

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RF Loss Model for Tree Canopies with Varying Water Content

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Journal of Electromagnetic Analysis and Applications 2021年第6期13卷 83-101页

Detection of plant water status is important for monitoring plant physiology. Previous studies showed that radio waves are attenuated when passing through vegetation such as trees, and models (both empirical and analytical) were developed. However, for models to be more broadly applicable across a broad range of vegetation types and constructs, basic electrical properties of the vegetation need to be characterised. In our previous work, a model was developed to calculate the RF loss through vegetation with varying water content. In this paper, the model was extended to calculate RF loss through tree canopies with or without an air gap. When the model was compared with the actual RF loss acquired using Eucalyptus blakelyi trees (with and without leaves), there was a systematic offset equivalent to a residual moisture content of 13% that was attributed to bound water. When the model was adjusted for the additional water content, the effective water path (EWP) was found to explain 72% of the variance in the measured RF loss.

关键词： Radio Attenuation Water Content Vegetation Thickness Permittivity Path Loss

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A Model for RF Loss through Vegetation with Varying Water Content

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Journal of Electromagnetic Analysis and Applications 2021年第3期13卷 41-56页

作者： Sonam Peden Ronald C. Bradbury david William lamb Mark Hedley Precision Agriculture Research Group University of New England (UNE) Armidale NSW Australia Food Agility Cooperative Research Centre University of New England Armidale NSW Australia CSIRO Data61 Marsfield NSW Australia

Assessing plant water status is important for monitoring plant physiology. Radio signals are attenuated when passing through vegetation. Both analytical and empirical models developed for radio frequency (RF) loss through vegetation have been dependent on experimental measurements and those measurements have been completed in specific situations. However, for models to be more broadly applicable across a broad range of vegetation types and constructs, basic electrical properties of the vegetation need to be characterised. Radio waves are affected especially by water and the relationship between water content in vegetation expressed as effective water path (EWP) in mm and measured RF loss (dB) at 2.4 GHz was investigated in this work. The EWP of eucalyptus leaves of varying amounts of leaf moisture (0% - 41.5%) ranged from 0 - 14 mm, respectively. When the model was compared with the actual RF loss there was a systematic offset equivalent to a residual leaf moisture content of 6.5% that was unaccounted for in the leaf moisture content determination (oven drying). This was attributed to bound water. When the model was adjusted for this amount of additional leaf water, the average RMSE in predicted RF loss was ±2.2 dB and was found to explain 89% of the variance in measured RF loss.

关键词： Radio Attenuation Leaves Water Content Path Loss Vegetation Thickness Permittivity

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运动员使用促合成代谢类固醇的益处和害处

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天津体育学院学报 1984年第4期 43-49页

作者： david R·lamb ,宋桂茹

自1950年以来,用促合成代谢药物做实验的运动员愈来愈多了。这些药物能促进组织生长,因此推测也能促进肌肉增长,从而增加运动员的力量。在这些促合成代谢药物中,最常滥用的是促合成代谢雄性激素类固醇,即雄性激素、睾丸酮及其人工合成... 详细信息

自1950年以来,用促合成代谢药物做实验的运动员愈来愈多了。这些药物能促进组织生长,因此推测也能促进肌肉增长,从而增加运动员的力量。在这些促合成代谢药物中,最常滥用的是促合成代谢雄性激素类固醇,即雄性激素、睾丸酮及其人工合成类似物,它们不是以针剂形式注射,就是以片剂形式口服,除促合成代谢作用之外,这些类固醇还具有男性化(masculinizing)效应,促合成代谢雄性类固醇是本综述的焦点。从化验报告得知,生长激素和人绒毛膜促性腺激素正越来越多地被国家级和世界级运动虽使用。可能运动员开始实验促合成代谢类固醇—雌性激素为时不长,这是与女性激素相似的化合物(在饲养家畜时,雄

关键词：类固醇负作用科学证据力量训练合成代谢组成代谢运动员体育工作者雄性激素

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BENEFITS AND LIMITATIONS TO PREHYDRATION

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中国运动医学杂志 1999年第4期18卷 388-392页

作者： david R. lamb, Ph. D., FACSM(School of Physical Acitivity and Educational Services The Ohio State University Columbus ,Ohio 43210)Adel Helmy Shehata, Ph. D.(Department of Exercise Physiology Helwan University Cairo, Egypt ) Ohio State Univ 美国 Helwan Univ 埃及

Athletes and others who begin exercise with a less than normal volume of they water are likely to experienceadverse effects on cardiovascular function, temperature reuglation, and exercise Perfonnance.. Increasing body water stores above nomal, well-hydlated levels by drinking fluids shortly before exercise isalso likely to cave caldiovascular function and temperature regulation When it is impossible to ingest sufficient fluids during exercise..Under most circumstances, it is wise to drink at least 500ml (16 oz) of fluid before sleeping on the nightbefore exercise and at least another 500 ml first thing in the morning to help ensure a state of ***, one should drink another 500-1000ml about 1 h before and an additional 250-500ml about 20 minexercise to "top off" fluid stores.. The type of fluid consumed before exercise is important. Fluids containing carbohydrate (to supply energy)and small axnounts of sodium chloride (to help maintain thirst and reduce urine formation ) are likely tohave more beneficial effects than Plain water. The addition of glycerol to a Pre-exercise hydration beverageusually is ineffective and can produce headaches and nausea.

关键词： BENEFITS AND LIMITATIONS TO PREHYDRATION heat

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Association between calcium sensing receptor gene polymorphisms and chronic pancreatitis in a US population:Role of serine protease inhibitor Kazal 1type and alcohol

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2008年第28期14卷 4486-4491页

作者： Venkata Muddana Janette lamb Julia B Greer Beth Elinoff Robert H Hawes Peter B Cotton Michelle A Anderson Randall E Brand Adam Slivka david C Whitcomb Division of Gastroenterology Hepatology and NutritionDepartment of MedicineUniversity of Pittsburgh Medical CenterPittsburgh PA 15213United States Digestive Disorder Center Medical University of South CarolinaCharleston SC 29403United States Department of Medicine University of Michigan Medical CenterAnn Arbor MI 48109United States Department of medicine Northwestern Universityand Currently at University of Pittsburgh Medical CenterPittsburgh PA 15213United States Division of Gastroenterology Hepatology and NutritionDepartment of MedicineUniversity of Pittsburgh Medical CenterPittsburgh PA 15213United States Department of Human GeneticsUniversity of PittsburghPittsburgh PA 15213United States

AIM： To test the hypothesis that calcium sensing receptor （CASR） polymorphisms are associated with chronic pancreatitis （CP）, and to determine whether serine protease inhibitor Kazal 1type （SPINK1） N34S or alcohol are necessary co-factors in its etiology. METHODS： Initially, 115 subjects with pancreatitis and 66 controls were evaluated, of whom 57 patients and 21 controls were predetermined to carry the high-risk SPINK1 N34S polymorphism. We sequenced CASR gene exons 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7, areas containing the majority of reported polymorphisms and novel mutations. Based on the initial results, we added 223 patients and 239 controls to analyze three common nonsynonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms （SNPs） in exon 7 （A986S, R990G, and Q1011E）. RESULTS： The CASR exon 7 R990G polyrnorphism was significantly associated with CP （OR, 2.01; 95% CI, 1.12-3.59; P = 0.015）. The association between CASR R990G and CP was stronger in subjects who reported moderate or heavy alcohol consumption （OR, 3.12; 95% CI, 1.14-9.13; P = 0.018）. There was no association between the various CASR genotypes and SPINK1 N34S in pancreatitis. None of the novel CASR polymorphisms reported from Germany and India was detected. CONCLUSION： Our United States-based study confirmed an association of CASR and CP and for the first time demonstrated that CASR R990G is a significant risk factor for CP. We also conclude that the risk of CP with CASR R990G is increased in subjects with moderate to heavy alcohol consumption.

关键词： Calcium sensing receptor Serine protease inhibitor Kazal llype Chronic pancreatitis Alcohol

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Using compositional data analysis to explore accumulation of sedentary behavior,physical activity and youth health

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2022年第2期11卷 234-243页

作者： Simone J.J.M.Verswijveren Karen E.lamb Josep A.Martín-Fernández Elisabeth Winkler Rebecca M.Leech Anna Timperio Jo Salmon Robin M.Daly Ester Cerin david W.Dunstan Rohan M.Telford Richard D.Telford Lisa S.Olive Nicola D.Ridgers Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition School of Exercise and Nutrition SciencesDeakin UniversityGeelongVIC 3216Australia Melbourne School of Population and Global Health University of MelbourneParkvilleVIC 3053Australia Department of Computer Science Applied Mathematics and StatisticsUniversity of GironaGirona 17003Spain School of Public Health University of QueenslandHerstonQLD 4006Australia Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research Australian Catholic UniversityFitzroyVIC 3065Australia School of Public Health University of Hong KongHong KongChina Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute MelbourneVIC 3004Australia Research Institute for Sport and Exercise University of CanberraBruceACT 2617Australia School of Psychology Deakin UniversityBurwoodVIC 3125Australia IMPACT Research Institute Deakin UniversityBurwoodVIC 3125Australia ANU Medical School Australian National UniversityGarranACT 2605Australia

Purpose:The study aimed to describe youth time-use compositions,focusing on time spent in shorter and longer bouts of sedentary behavior and physical activity(PA),and to examine associations of these time-use compositions with cardiometabolic ***:Accelerometer and cardiometabolic biomarker data from 2 Australian studies involving youths 7-13 years old were pooled(complete cases with accelerometry and adiposity marker data,n=782).A 9-component time-use composition was formed using compositional data analysis:time in shorter and longer bouts of sedentary behavior;time in shorter and longer bouts of light-,moderate-,or vigorous-intensity PA;and"other time"(i.e.,non-wear/sleep).Shorter and longer bouts of sedentary time were defined as5 min,*** bouts of light-,moderate-,and vigorous-intensity PA were defined as<1 min;longer bouts were defined as≥1 *** models examined associations between overall time-use composition and cardiometabolic ***,associations were derived between ratios of longer activity patterns relative to shorter activity patterns,and of each intensity level relative to the other intensity levels and"other time",and cardiometabolic ***:Confounder-adjusted models showed that the overall time-use composition was associated with adiposity,blood pressure,lipids,and the summary ***,more time in longer bouts of light-intensity PA relative to shorter bouts of light-intensity PA was significantly associated with greater body mass index z-score(zBMI)(β=1.79;SE=0.68)and waist circumference(β=18.35,SE=4.78).When each activity intensity was considered relative to all higher intensities and"other time",more time in light-and vigorous-intensity PA,and less time in sedentary behavior and moderate-intensity PA,were associated with lower waist ***:Accumulating PA,particularly light-intensity PA,in frequent short bursts may be more beneficial for limiting adi

关键词： Accumulation patterns Cardiometabolic health Children Compositional data analysis Time-use

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