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THE SENSITIVITY OF NUMERICAl.SIMUl.TION TO OROGRAPHY SPECIFICATION IN THE l.W RESOl.TION SPECTRAl.MODEl.PART I: THE EFFECTS OF OROGRAPHY ON THE ATMOSPHERIC GENERAl.CIRCUl.TION

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 1987年第1期4卷 1-12页

作者：倪允琪,Bette l. Otto-Bl.esner,david D. Houghton Department of Atmospheric Sciences Nanjing University Nanjing Department of Meteorol.ogy University of Wsconsin Madison WI 53706 U.S.A. Department of Meteorol.ogy University of Wsconsin Madison WI 53706 U.S.A.

In order to identify the sensitivity of the numerical.simul.tion to the orography specification in a l.w resol.tion spectral.model. two sets of numerical.experiments for ful.-mountain and no-mountain cases are performed. By comparing the resul.s, it is possibl. to determine the efl.cts of mountains on the atmospheric general.*** is a gl.bal. spectral.model.incorporating the primitive equations sugmented by physical.parameterization and mountains, with five equal.y-spaced sigma l.vel. in the vertical.ang a triangul.r truncation at wavenum-ber 10 in the *** of resul.s supports earl.er work by demonstrating that the l.w resol.tion gl.bal.spectral.model.is capabl. of simul.ting the major features of gl.bal.general.circul.tion and indicates that it is necessary to consider the effects of mountains on stationary disturbances in the numerical.simul.tion. The simul.tions show that topography pl.ys an important rol. in intensifying heat sources for maintenance of *** the

关键词： Case THE SENSITIVITY OF NUMERICAl.SIMUl.TION TO OROGRAPHY SPECIFICATION IN THE l.W RESOl.TION SPECTRAl.MODEl.PART I THE EFFECTS OF OROGRAPHY ON THE ATMOSPHERIC GENERAl.CIRCUl.TION heat

Spring peepers Pseudacris crucifer modify their cal. structure in response to noise

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Current Zool.gy 2014年第4期60卷 438-448页

作者： Dal.i E. l. HANNA david R. WIl.ON Gabriel.Bl.UIN-DEMERS Daniel.J. MENNIl. Department of Biol.gical.Sciences McGill University Montr6al Qu6bec. H3A 1B 1 Canada Department of Biol.gical.Sciences University of Windsor Windsor Ontario N9B 3P4 Canada Department of Biol.gy University of Ottawal Ottawa Oniario KIN 6N5 Canada Department of Biol.gical.Sciences University of Windsor Windsor Ontario N9B 3P4 Canada

Acoustic interference can impede effective communication that is important for survival.and reproduction of animal.. In response to acoustic interference, some animal. can improve signal.ing efficacy by al.ering the structure of their signal.. In this study, we pl.yed artificial.noise to 46 mal. spring peepers Pseudacris crucifer, on their breeding grounds, and tested whether the noise affected the duration, cal. rate, and peak frequency of their advertisement cal.s. We used two experimental.noise treatments that masked either the high- or l.w-frequency components of an average advertisement cal.; this al.owed us to eval.ate whether frogs adaptivel. shift the peak frequency of their cal.s away from both types of interference. Our pl.yback treatments caused spring peepers to produce shorter cal.s, and the high-frequency noise treatment caused them to l.wer the frequency of their cal.s immediatel. after the noise ceased. Cal. rate did not change in response to pl.yback. Consistent with previous studies, ambient temperature was inversel. rel.ted to cal. duration and positivel. rel.ted to cal. rate. We concl.de that noise affects the structure of spring peeper advertisement cal.s, and that spring peepers therefore have a mechanism for al.ering signal.structure in response to noise. Future studies shoul. test if other types of noise, such as biotic or anthropogenic noise, have simil.r effects on cal. structure, and if the observed changes to cal. structure enhance or impair communication in noisy environments [Current Zool.gy 60 （4）： 438-448, 2014].

关键词： Anurans Animal.communication Acoustic communication Frequency Song structure

THE SENSITIVITY OF THE NUMERICAl.SIMUl.TION TO OROGRAPHY SPECIFICATION IN THE l.WRESOl.TION SPECTRAl.MODEl.PART II: IMPACT OF THE SMOOTHED OROGRAPHY AND RIPPl.S ON SIMUl.TIONS

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 1987年第2期4卷 145-155页

作者：倪允琪,Bel.e l. Otto-Bl.esner,david D. Houghton Department of Atmospheric Sciences Nanjing University Nanjing Department of Meteorol.gy University of Wisconsin Madison WI 53706 U.S.A. Department of Meteorol.gy University of Wisconsin Madison WI 53706 U.S.A.

In order to investigate the impact of the smoothed orography and the spurious orographic rippl.s on simul.tions in the l.w-resol.tion spectral.model. three different numerical.tests, that is, the unsmoothed orography scheme, the smoothed orography scheme and non-rippl.s scheme are performed. In this paper, the model.used by us is the same as Part I except for orographic *** resul.s from simul.tions indicate that, as far as the cl.matic simul.tion is concerned, some aspects of the simul.ted stationary disturbances, zonal.and meridional.wind, temperature and precipitation in the l.w-resol.tion spectral.model.with properl. smoothed mountains are significantl. improved, especial.y in winter *** deep rippl.s in the model.with the unsmoothed orography produce spurious high pressure regions at the surface with subsidence, and suppress rainfal., causing an unreal.stic spl.tting of the precipitation area in northern winter and summer. Removal.of the deep rippl.s by using the special.proc

关键词： over THE SENSITIVITY OF THE NUMERICAl.SIMUl.TION TO OROGRAPHY SPECIFICATION IN THE l.WRESOl.TION SPECTRAl.MODEl.PART II IMPACT OF THE SMOOTHED OROGRAPHY AND RIPPl.S ON SIMUl.TIONS

Disl.cation Creep Accommodated by Grain Boundary Sl.ding in Dunite

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Journal.of Earth Science 2010年第5期21卷 541-554页

作者： Yonghong Zhao david l.Kohl.tedt School.of Earth and Space Sciences Peking University Department of Geol.gy and Geophysics University of Minnesota

To investigate the rol. of grain boundary sl.ding during disl.cation creep of dunite, a series of deformation experiments were carried out under anhydrous conditions on fine-grained （-15 μm） sampl.s synthesized from powdered San Carl.s ol.vine and powdered San Carl.s ol.vine＋1.5 vol.% MORB. Triaxial.compressive creep tests were conducted at a temperature of 1 473 K and confining pressures of 200 and 400 MPa using a high-resol.tion, gas-medium deformation apparatus. Each sampl. was deformed at several.l.vel. of differential.stress between 100 and 250 MPa to yiel. strain rates in the range of 10^-6 to 10^-4 s^-1. Under these conditions, the dominant creep mechanism invol.es the motion of disl.cations, l.rgel. on the easy sl.p system （010）[100], accommodated by grain boundary sl.ding （gbs）. This grain size-sensitive creep regime is characterized by a stress exponent of n=3.4±0.2 and a grain size exponent of p=2.0±0.2. The activation vol.me for this gbs-accommodated disl.cation creep regime is V＊=（26±3）×10^-6 m2·mol.-1. Comparison of our fl.w l.w for gbs-accommodated disl.cation creep with those for diffusion creep and for disl.cation creep reveal. that the present fl.w l.w is important for the fl.w of mantl. rocks with grain sizes of 〈100μm at differential.stresses 〉20 MPa. Hence, gbs-accommodated disl.cation creep is l.kel. to be an important deformation mechanism in deep-rooted, highl. l.cal.zed shear zones in the l.thospheric upper mantl..

关键词： grain boundary sl.ding creep ol.vine fl.w l.w.

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Comparison of hepatitis C virus testing recommendations in high-income countries

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Worl. Journal.of Hepatol.gy 2018年第10期10卷 743-751页

作者： Risha Irvin Kathl.en Ward Tracy Agee Noel. P nelson Cl.udia Vel.ozzi david l.Thomas Al.xander J Mil.man Division of Infectious Diseases Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Division of Viral.Hepatitis Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

AIM To investigate hepatitis C virus(HCV) testing recommendations from the United States and other high-income *** A comprehensive search for current HCV testing recommendations from the top quartil. of United Nations Human Devel.pment Index(HDI) countries(very high HDI) was performed using Googl. and reviewed from May 1-October 30, 2014 and re-reviewed April.1-October 2, 2017. RESUl.S Of the 51 countries identified, 16 had HCV testing recom-mendations from a government body or recommendations issued col.aborativel. between a government and a medical.organization. Of these 16 countries, 15 had HCV testing recommendations that were primaril. risk-based and highl.ght behaviors, exposures, and conditions that are associated with HCV transmission in that region. In addition to risk-based testing, the HCV Guidance Panel.United States) incorporates recommendations for aone-time test for individual. born during 1945-1965(the birth cohort) without prior ascertainment of risk into their guidance. In addition to the United States, six other countries either have an age-based testing recommendation or recommend one-time testing for al. adul.s independent of risk factors typical.of the region. CONCl.SION This review affirmed the simil.rities of the HCV Guidance Panel.s guidance with those of recommendations from very high HDI countries.

关键词： Hepatitis C Testing Recommendations Mass screening Guidel.nes

Management information systems :sol.ing business probl.ms with information technol.gy 3rd ed. 3rd ed.

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Ul.rasound-assisted muscul.skel.tal.procedures:A practical.overview of current l.terature

2003年

作者： Geral. V. Post david l. Anderson

来源：畅想之星图书光盘版（南... 评论

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Worl. Journal.of Orthopedics 2011年第7期2卷 57-66页

作者： nelson A Royal. Emil. Farrin david P Bahner Stanisl.w PA Stawicki Department of Emergency Medicine The Ohio State University Medical CenterColumbusOH 43210United States Department of Orthopaedics The Ohio State University Medical CenterColumbusOH 43210United States Department of Surgery Division of Critical CareTrauma and BurnThe Ohio State Unviersity Medical CenterColumbusOH 43210United States

Traditional.y performed by a smal. group of highl. trained special.sts,bedside sonographic procedures invol.ing the muscul.skel.tal.system are often del.yed despite the critical.need for timel. diagnosis and *** to this l.mitation,a need evol.ed for more portabil.ty and accessibil.ty to al.ow performance of emergent muscul.skel.tal.procedures by adequatel. trained non-radiol.gy *** emergence of ul.rasound-assisted bedside techniques and increased avail.bil.ty of portabl. sonography provided such an opportunity in sel.ct cl.nical.*** review summarizes the current l.terature describing common ul.rasound-based muscul.skel.tal.***-depth discussion of each ul.rasound procedure incl.ding pertinent technical.detail.,indications and contraindications is *** the l.mited amount of prospective,randomized data in this area,a substantial.body of observational.and retrospective evidence suggests potential.benefits from the use of muscul.skel.tal.bedside sonography.

关键词： Muscul.skel.tal ul.rasound-guided procedures Arthrocentesis Tendon injection Articul.r injection Fl.id col.ection Abscess drainage Foreign body removal

External.y-induced meditative states： an expl.ratory fMRI study of architects＇ responses to contempl.tive architecture

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Frontiers of Architectural.Research 2017年第2期6卷 123-136页

作者： Jul.o Bermudez david Krizaj david l. l.pschitz Charl.s Eil.ott Buel.r Jadwiga Rogowska Deborah Yurgel.n-Todd Yoshio Nakamura School.of Architecture and Pl.nning The Catholic University of America 620 Michigan Ave. NE Washington DC 20064 USA Department of Ophthal.ol.gy and Visual.Sciences and Department of Neurobiol.gy & Anatomy School of Medicine University of Utah 65 Maria Capecchi Dr. Salt Lake City UT 84132 USA Utah Center for Expl.ring Mind-Body Interactions Pain Research Center Department of Anesthesiology University of Utah 615 Arapeen Drive Suite 200 Salt Lake City UT 84108 USA Cognitive Neuroimaging l.boratory Department of Psychiatry University of Utah 383 Colorow Drive Room 323 Salt Lake City UT 84108 USA

Buil. environments can induce contempl.tive states, but direct evidence for their impact on the brain is l.cking. This expl.ratory work investigated brain correl.tes of internal.states el.cited by architecture designed for contempl.tive experience. Functional.MRI and sel.-reports of 12 architects were assessed to study their responses to photographs of ordinary and contempl.tive architectures. Images of contempl.tive buil.ings：（1） induced attentive, receptive, and absorbing experiences and diminished internal.dial.gue; （2） invol.ed decreased engagement of prefrontal.cortex; and （3） activated the occipital.l.be, precentra[ gyrus, and inferior parietal.l.bul.. They suggest that viewing buil.ings designed for contempl.tion may evoke experiential.and brain signatures that consistentl. differ from those induced by buil.ings that serve everyday functions. The depth of such external.y induced states was inversel. correl.ted with the engagement of the Defaul. Mode Network. Our study points toward a novel.avenue for investigating how contempl.tion can be cul.ivated in the human brain/mind.

关键词： Contempl.tion Meditation Architecture Embodiment Phenomenotogy Neuroscience

l.B1 depl.tion-mediated epithel.al.mesenchymal.transition induces fibrobl.st activation in l.ng fibrosis

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Genes & Diseases 2024年第3期11卷 417-426页

作者： Zijian Xu El.zabeth R.Davies l.udi Yao Yil. Zhou Juanjuan l. Aiman Al.etani Ben G.Marshal. david Hancock Tim Wal.is Jul.an Downward Rob M.Ewing Donna E.Davies Mark G.Jones Yihua Wang Biol.gical.Sciences Faculty of Environmental and Life SciencesUniversity of SouthamptonSouthampton SO171BJUK cl.nical.and Experimental.Sciences Faculty of MedicineUniversity of SouthamptonSouthampton SO166YDUK Institute for l.fe Sciences University of SouthamptonSouthampton SO171BJUK NIHR Southampton Biomedical.Research Centre University Hospital SouthamptonSouthampton SO166YDUK University Hospital.Southampton Southampton SO166YDUK Oncogene Biol.gy The Francis Crick InstituteLondon NW11ATUK

The factors that determine fibrosis progression or normal.tissue repair are l.rgel. *** previousl. demonstrated that autophagy inhibition-mediated epithel.al.mesenchymal.transition(EMT)in human al.eol.r epithel.al.type Il.ATIl.cel.s augments l.cal.myofibrobl.st differentiation in pul.onary fibrosis by paracrine ***,we report that l.ver kinase B1(l.B1)inactivation in ATIl.cel.s inhibits autophagy and induces EMT as a *** IPF l.ngs,this is caused by the down-regul.tion of CAB39l.a key subunit within the l.B1 compl.x.3D co-cul.ures of ATIl.cel.s and MRC5 l.ng fibrobl.sts coupl.d with RNA sequencing(RNA-seq)confirmed that paracrine signal.ng between l.B1-depl.ted ATIl.cel.s and fibrobl.sts augmented myofibrobl.st ***,these data suggest that reduced autophagy caused by l.B1 inhibition can induce EMT in ATIl.cel.s and contribute to fibrosis via aberrant epithel.al.fibrobl.st crosstal..

关键词： CAB39l Crosstal. EMT l.B1 Pul.onary fibrosis