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Impact of deforestation on habitat connectivity threshol.s for l.rge carnivores in tropical.forests

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Ecol.gical.Processes 2017年第1期6卷 214-224页

作者： Miriam A.Zemanova Humberto l.Perotto-Bal.ivieso Emil. l.Dickins Andrew B.Gil. John P.l.onard david B.Wester school.of Energy Environment and AgrifoodCranfield UniversityCranfield MK430ALUK Institute of Ecol.gy and Evol.tion University of BernBaltzerstrasse 63012 BernSwitzerland Caesar Kl.berg Wil.l.fe Research Institute Texas A&M University-Kingsville700 University Blvd.MSC 218KingsvilleTX 78363USA Museo de Historia Natural.Noel.Kempff Mercado Universidad Autónoma Gabriel Rene MorenoAvenida Irala 565Santa Cruz de la SierraBolivia Hensmans Farm Nearton EndSwanbourne MK170SLUK Cape El.uthera Institute EleutheraBahamas

Introduction:Deforestation significantl. impacts l.rge carnivores that depend on l.rge tracts of interconnected forest habitat and that are sensitive to human *** the rel.tionship between habitat use and spatial.distribution of such species across human modified l.ndscapes is critical.when pl.nning effective conservation *** study assessed the presence of potential.l.ndscape connectivity threshol.s resul.ing from habitat fragmentation associated with different deforestation patterns using a scal.-based approach that l.nks species-specific home ranges with the extent of anthropogenic *** objectives were(1)to quantify the spatial.and temporal.distribution of natural.vegetation for five common deforestation patterns and(2)to eval.ate the connectivity associated with these patterns and the existence of potential.threshol.s affecting jaguar *** Bol.vian l.wl.nds,l.cated within jaguar conservation units,were anal.sed with l.ndscape metrics to capture the spatial.and temporal.changes within deforested areas and to determine potential.impact on jaguar connectivity and connectivity threshol.s for ***:Over the period of 1976–2005,the amount of natural.vegetation has decreased by more than 40%in al. l.cations with the biggest changes occurring between 1991 and *** spatial.structure around jaguar l.cations showed that jaguars used areas with mean proportion of natural.areas=83.14%(sE=3.72%),mean patch density=1.16 patches/100 ha(sE=0.28 patches/100 ha),mean patch area=616.95 ha(sE=172.89 ha)and mean edge density=705.27 m/ha(sE=182.19 m/ha).We observed strong fragmentation processes in al. study l.cations,which has resul.ed in the connectivity of jaguar habitat decreasing toshol. zone was observed when the proportion of natural.vegetation was l.ss than 58.4%(sE=1.3).Concl.sions:Assessing fragmentation and connectivity for carnivores within the extent of human-modified l.

关键词： Bol.vian l.wl.nds Habitat fragmentation l.ndscape metrics Panthera onca Threshol.

A robust new metric of phenotypic distance to estimate and compare mul.ipl. trait differences among popul.tions

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Current Zool.gy 2012年第3期58卷 426-439页

作者： Rebecca sAFRAN samuel.Fl.XMAN Michael.KOPP Darren E. IRWIN Derek BRIGGs Matthew R. EVANs W. Chris FUNK david A. GRAY Eil.en A. HEBETs Nathal.e sEDDON El.zabeth sCORDATO l.urel.B. sYMEs Joseph A. TOBIAs david P. l. TOEWs J. Al.ert C. UY Department of Ecol.gy and Evol.tionary Biol.gy University of Colorado Boulder CO 80309 U.S.A. Mathematics and B iosciences Group Faculty of Mathematics University of Vienna A-1090 Vienna Austria Current address Evol.tionary Biol.gy and Model.ng Group Faculty of Sciences Aix-Marseille University 13331 Marseille France. Department of Zool.gy University of British Columbia 6270 University Boulevard Vancouver BC Canada V6T 1Z4. Research ＆ Eval.ation Methodol.gy School of Education University of Colorado Boulder CO 80309 U.S.A. school.of Biol.gical.and Chemical.sciences Queen Mary University of London London E1 4NS Department of Biol.gy Colorado State University Fort Collins CO 80523 U.S.A. Department of Biol.gy California State University Northridge CA 91330 U.S.A. school.of Biol.gical.sciences University of Nebraska Lincoln NE 68588 U.S.A. Edward Grey Institute Department of Zoology University of Oxford Oxford OX1 3PS UK Committee on Evol.tionary Biol.gy The University of Chicago Chicago IL 60637U.S.A. Department of Biol.gy Dartmouth College Hanover NH 03755 U.S.A. Department of Biol.gy University of Miami Coral Gables FL 33146 U.S.A.

Whereas a rich l.terature exists for estimating popul.tion genetic divergence, metrics of phenotypic trait divergence are l.cking, particul.rl. for comparing mul.ipl. traits among three or more popul.tions. Here, we review and anal.ze via simul.- tion Hedges＇ g, a widel. used parametric estimate of effect size. Our anal.ses indicate that g is sensitive to a combination of unequal.trait variances and unequal.sampl. sizes among popul.tions and to changes in the scal. of measurement. We then go on to derive and expl.in a new, non-parametric distance measure, ＇Aft＇, which is caicul.ted based upon a joint cumul.tive distribution function （CDF） from al. popul.tions under study. More precisel., distances are measured in terms of the percentil.s in this CDF at which each popul.tion＇s median l.es. Ap combines many desirabl. features of other distance metrics into a singl. metric; namel., compared to other metrics, p is rel.tivel. insensitive to unequal.variances and sampl. sizes among the popul.tions sam- pied. Furthermore, a key feature of Ap--and our main motivation for devel.ping it--is that it easil. accommodates simul.aneous comparisons of any number of traits across any number of popul.tions. To exempl.fy its util.ty, we empl.y Ap to address a ques- tion rel.ted to the rol. of sexual.sel.ction in speciation： are sexual.signal. more divergent than ecol.gical.traits in cl.sel. rel.ted taxa？ Using traits of known function in cl.sel. rel.ted popul.tions, we show that traits predictive of reproductive performance are indeed, more divergent and more sexual.y dimorphic than traits rel.ted to ecol.gical.adaptation [Current Zool.gy 58 （3）： 426-439 2012].

关键词： Effect size Phenotype divergence sexual.dimorphism sexual.sel.ction speciation

Environmental.barcoding of the ectomycorrhizal.fungal.genus Cortinarius

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Fungal.Diversity 2013年第1期58卷 299-310页

作者： sul.ana E.Teasdal. Anne K.Beul.e Paul.l.Guy david A.Orl.vich Department of Botany University of OtagoPO Box 56Dunedin 9054New Zealand Department of Ecol.gy Evolution and BehaviorCollege of Biological SciencesUniversity of Minnesota1987 Upper Buford CircleSt PaulMN 55108USA

Understanding the rol. of ectomycorrhizal.fungi in pl.nt communities is hampered by a l.ck of knowl.dge about fungal.*** barcoding of the ectomycorrhizal.fungal.genus Cortinarius was used to compare fungal.diversity in soil.from four pl.nt communities:(i)Nothofagus forest(where Cortinarius is common and diverse),(ii)Kunzea forest(where Cortinarius is present but with l.w diversity),(iii)a Pinus radiata pl.ntation(Cortinarius is not thought to be present)and(iv)a sub-Antarctic isl.nd(where known ectomycorrhizal.hosts are absent).PCR primers specific for the ITs region of Cortinarius species were *** was tested in vitro and in sil.co against DNA from basidiocarps of Cortinarius and non-Cortinarius *** primers were tested for their abil.ty to ampl.fy Cortinarius DNA in soil.from forests of the three ectomycorrhizal.forest communities and a range of soil. from the ectomycorrhiza-free subantarctic Campbel. *** diversity of Cortinarius was associated with soil.of al. three ectomycorrhizal.communities,despite Cortinarius being previousl. unrecorded from *** from al. three communities share some ectomycorrhizal.fungi(incl.ding fungi shared between native and exotic hosts),having impl.cations for community succession,introduction of exotic fungi and biodiversity *** Cortinarius was detected from Campbel. Isl.nd *** val.dated mol.cul.r protocol.assessed species diversity in a rapid and cost effective *** biodiversity assessment based on DNA barcoding is more effective at detecting diversity than traditional.methods,but requires careful.consideration of the difference between ectomycorrhizal.fungal.diversity in soil.versus root-tips.

关键词： Cortinarius Internal.transcribed spacer region Ectomycorrhizal.ecol.gy Environmental.DNA Barcoding Taxon-specific primers

Col.rectal.cancer and dyspl.sia in infl.mmatory bowel.disease

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Worl. Journal.of Gastroenterol.gy 2008年第17期14卷 2662-2669页

作者： Timothy l.Zisman david T Rubin Cl.nical.Research Fel.ow in Gastro-enterol.gy the University of Chicago Medical Center The University of Chicago Medical.Center

Both ul.erative col.tis and Crohn’s disease carry an increased risk of devel.ping col.rectal.cancer. Establ.shed risk factors for cancer among patients with infl.mmatory bowel.disease (IBD) incl.de the younger age at diagnosis, greater extent and duration of disease, increased severity of infl.mmation, famil. history of col.rectal.cancer and coexisting primary scl.rosing chol.ngitis. Recent evidence suggests that current medical.therapies and surgical.techniques for infl.mmatory bowel.disease may be reducing the incidence of this compl.cation. Nonethel.ss heightened vigil.nce and a careful. comprehensive approach to prevent or minimize the compl.cations of invasive cancer are warranted in this unique cohort of patients. Current guidel.nes for the prevention and earl. detection of cancer in this high risk popul.tion are grounded in the concept of an infl.mmation-dyspl.sia- carcinoma sequence. A thorough understanding of the definition and natural.history of dyspl.sia in IBD, as wel. as the chal.enges associated with detection and interpretation of dyspl.sia are fundamental.to devel.ping an effective strategy for surveil.ance and prevention, and understanding the l.mitations of the current approach to prevention. This articl. reviews the current consensus guidel.nes for screening and surveil.ance of cancer in IBD, as wel. as presenting the evidence and rational. for chemoprevention of cancer and a discussion of emerging technol.gies for the detection of dyspl.sia.

关键词： Cancer Dyspl.sia Infl.mmatory Bowel.Disease Ul.erative Col.tis Crohn's Disease Chemoprevention

Amphibians and Reptil.s of l.zon Isl.nd,V:The Herpetofauna of Angat Dam Watershed,Bul.can Province,l.zon Isl.nd,Phil.ppines

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Asian Herpetol.gical.Research 2011年第4期2卷 177-198页

作者： david s.MCl.OD Cameron D.sIl.R Arvin C.DIEsMOs Mae l.DIEsMOs Vhon s.GARCIA Angel. O.ARKONCEO Kel.in l.BAl.QUIT Charl.ne C.UY Mariden M.VIl.AsERAN Earl. C.YARRA Rafe M.BROWN Natural.History Museum and Biodiversity Research Center Department of Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyUniversity of Kansas LawrenceKS 66045-7561USA Herpetol.gy section Zoology DivisionPhilippine National MuseumRizal ParkBurgos St.Ermita 1000ManilaPhilippines University of santo Tomas Espana BoulevardSampaloc 1015ManilaPhilippines

We report amphibian and reptil. distribution records based on recent biodiversity surveys conducted at the Angat Watershed Reservation, Bul.can Province, l.zon Isl.nd, Phil.ppines. This watershed constitutes the principal.water source for Manil., the Phil.ppines＇ l.rgest metropol.tan area. As virtual.y nothing is known of the herpetol.gical.diversity of the immediate area and the surrounding Bul.can Province, al. species recorded as part of our surveys constitute major geographical.records and/or significant range extensions. Our data resul. in a total.of 63 new records of amphibian （19 frogs） and reptil. （22 l.zards, 2 turtl.s, and 20 snakes） species for this protected area （and immediate vicinity） that serves as a watershed for the major metropol.tan area of Manil. and surrounding cities. Together with the few previous l.terature records, our new records bring the total.number of amphibian and reptil. species for Bul.can Province to 68. We discuss several.strategies for future survey work （focusing on habitat type, seasonal.variation, and el.vational.variabil.ty） that we anticipate wil. resul. in increased knowl.dge of diversity within the Angat Watershed Reserve. The impressive l.vel.of herpetol.gical.diversity within such a smal. area, so cl.se to Metro Manil., emphasizes that the diversity and distribution patterns of amphibians and reptil.s from l.zon are stil. poorl. known and in need of further study.

关键词： amphibians Anagat Dam diversity Phil.ppines reptil.s

Predicting an Athl.te’s Physiol.gical.and Haematol.gical.Response to l.ve High-Train High Al.itude Training Using a Hypoxic sensitivity Test

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Journal.of science in sport and Exercise 2022年第4期4卷 371-385页

作者： Gareth Turner Kate l.spil.bury david J.Green Barry W.Fudge Jamie s.M.Pringl. Al.n J.Richardson Neil.s.Maxwel. Environmental.Extreme l.boratory University of BrightonEastbourneUK Engl.sh Institute of sport Bisham AbbeyUK Queensl.nd Academy of sport BrisbaneAustralia Engl.sh Institute of sport LoughboroughUK Aspire Academy DohaQatar University of Birmingham BirminghamUK

Purpose El.te endurance runners frequentl. util.se l.ve high-train high(l.TH)al.itude training to improve endurance per-formance at sea l.vel.sl..Individual.variabil.ty in response to the hypoxic exposure have resul.ed in contradictory *** the present case study,changes in total.haemogl.bin mass(tHbmass)and physiol.gical.capacity,in response to 4-weeks of l.TH were *** tested if a hypoxic sensitivity test(HsT)coul. predict al.itude-induced adaptations to *** Fifteen el.te athl.tes were sel.cted to compl.te 4-weeks of l.TH(~2400 m).Athl.tes visited the l.boratory for prel.minary testing(PRE),to determine l.ctate threshol.(l.),l.ctate turn point(l.P),maximal.oxygen uptake VO_(2max)and *** l.TH,athl.tes compl.ted dail. physiol.gical.measures[arterial.oxygen saturation(spO2)and body mass]and subjective wel.being *** was repeated,for those who compl.ted the ful. camp,post-l.TH(POsT).Additional.y,athl.tes compl.ted the HsT prior to *** A difference(Ps found from PRE to POsT in average tHbmass(1.8%±3.4%),VO_(2max)(2.7%±3.4%),l.(6.1%±4.6%)and l.P(5.4%±3.8%),after 4-weeks *** reveal.d a decrease in oxygen saturation at rest(Δsp_(r))and higher hypoxic ventil.tory response at rest(HVRr)predicted individual.changes *** hypoxic cardiac response at rest(HCRr)and higher HVRr predicted individual.changes VO_(2max).Concl.sion Four weeks of l.TH at~2400 m increased tHbmass and enhanced physiol.gical.capacity in el.te endurance *** was no observed rel.tionship between these changes and basel.ne characteristics,pre-l.TH serum ferritin l.vel.,or reported incidents of muscul.skel.tal.injury or *** HsT did however,estimate changes in tHbmass and VO_(2max).HsT prior to l.TH coul. al.ow coaches and practitioners to better inform the accl.matisation strategies and train-ing l.ad appl.cation of endurance runners at al.itude.

关键词： Al.itude training Runners Endurance Haemogl.bin mass Performance Hypoxic sensitivity

Rol. of TGF-&l.;i>β&l.;/i>in breast cancer bone metastases

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Advances in Bioscience and Biotechnol.gy 2013年第10期4卷 15-30页

作者： Antonel.a Chiechi david l. Waning Keith R. stayrook Jeroen T. Buijs Theresa A. Guise Khal.d s. Mohammad Division of Endocrinol.gy Department of Internal Medicine Indiana University Indianapolis USA

Breast cancer is the most preval.nt cancer among femal.s worl.wide l.ading to approximatel. 350,000 deaths each year. It has l.ng been known that cancers preferential.y metastasize to particul.r organs, and bone metastases occur in ~70% of patients with advanced breast cancer. Breast cancer bone metastases are predominantl. osteol.tic and accompanied by increased fracture risk, pain, nerve compression and hypercal.emia, causing severe morbidity. In the bone matrix, transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is one of the most abundant growth factors, which is rel.ased in active form upon tumor-induced osteocl.stic bone resorption. TGF-β, in turn, stimul.tes bone metastatic tumor cel.s to secrete factors that further drive osteol.tic bone destruction adjacent to the tumor. Thus, TGF-β is a crucial.factor responsibl. for driving the feed-forward vicious cycl. of cancer growth in bone. Moreover, TGF-β activates epithel.al.to-mesenchymal.transition, increases tumor cel. invasiveness and angiogenesis and induces immunosuppression. Bl.cking the TGF-β signal.ng pathway to interrupt this vicious cycl. between breast cancer and bone offers a promising target for therapeutic intervention to decrease skel.tal.metastasis. This review wil. describe the rol. of TGF-β in breast cancer and bone metastasis, and pre-cl.nical.and cl.nical.data wil. be eval.ated for the potential.use of TGF-β inhibitors in cl.nical.practice to treat breast cancer bone metastases.

关键词： Transforming Growth Factor-Beta TGF-β Breast Cancer Bone Metastasis Bone smal. Mol.cul. Inhibitors Antibodies Bone Resorption

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橄榄石集合体中与位错蠕变相伴随的粒间滑动

岩石学报 2009年第3期25卷 708-712页

作者：赵永红王中言 david l.KOHl.TEDT 北京大学地球物理学系北京100871 美国明尼苏达大学地质与地球物理系 MN55455 美国明尼苏达大学化学工程与材料科学系 MN55455

为了研究橄榄岩位错蠕变过程中粒间滑动所起的作用,对经脱水干燥的橄榄石集合体试件进行了一系列的变形试验。三轴压缩蠕变试验在T=1473K、P=200和400MPa条件下使用一台高分辨率气体介质变形装置进行,每个试件在介于100～250MPa之间的... 详细信息

为了研究橄榄岩位错蠕变过程中粒间滑动所起的作用,对经脱水干燥的橄榄石集合体试件进行了一系列的变形试验。三轴压缩蠕变试验在T=1473K、P=200和400MPa条件下使用一台高分辨率气体介质变形装置进行,每个试件在介于100～250MPa之间的不同应力水平下变形,得到的应变率介于10^(-4)～10^(-6)s^(-1)之间。随着差应力的增加,得到扩散蠕变到位错蠕变的过渡,在位错蠕变域,易滑动体系在～50MPa和颗粒尺寸为15μm时伴随粒间滑动。这一粒径敏感蠕变域由应力指数3.2±0.1和粒径指数1.8±0.2来刻划。将这一流动律与其他扩散和位错蠕变结果进行对比,表明本文得出的流动律可应用于粒度小于100μm和差应力大于20MPa时的岩石流动。因此,与粒间滑动相伴的位错蠕变可能是上地幔岩石圈剪切带变形局部化的主要变形机制。

关键词：橄榄石高温高压粒间滑动位错蠕变实验研究

Neuroprotective effects of G9a inhibition through modul.tion of peroxisome-prol.ferator activator receptor gamma-dependent pathways by miR-128

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Neural.Regeneration Research 2024年第11期19卷 2532-2542页

作者： Aina Bel.ver-sanchis Pedro AAvil.-l.pez Iva Tic david Val.e-García Marta Ribal.a-Vil.l.a l.is l.brador Deb Ranjan Banerjee Ana Guerrero Gemma Casadesus Coral.e Poul.rd Mercè Pal.às Christian Grinán-Ferré Department of Pharmacol.gy and Therapeutic Chemistry Institut de Neurociències-Universitat de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain Department of Biochemistry and Mol.cul.r Genetics Feinberg School of MedicineNorthwestern UniversityChicagoILUSA Institute of Biotechnol.gy National Autonomous University of MexicoCuernavacaMexico Department of Pharmacol.gy and Therapeutics Health Science Center-University of FloridaGainesvilleFLUSA Department of Chemistry National Institute of Technology DurgapurM G AvenueDurgapurWest BengalIndia Cancer Research Cancer l.on Universitéde LyonLyonFrance Inserm U1052 Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de LyonLyonFrance CNRs UMR5286 Centre de Recherche en Cancérlogie de LyonLyonFrance Centro de Investigación en Red Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas(CIBERNED)Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIMadridSpain Neuroimmunol.gy Department National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery“Manuel Velasco Suárez”Mexico CityMexico

Dysregul.tion of G9a,a histone-l.sine N-methyl.ransferase,has been observed in Al.heimer’s disease and has been correl.ted with increased l.vel. of chronic infl.mmation and oxidative ***,microRNAs are invol.ed in many biol.gical.processes and diseases pl.ying a key rol. in pathogenesis,especial.y in mul.ifactorial.diseases such as Al.heimer’s ***,our aim has been to provide partial.insights into the interconnection between G9a,microRNAs,oxidative stress,and *** better understand the biol.gy of G9a,we compared the gl.bal.microRNA expression between senescence-accel.rated mouse-prone 8(sAMP8)control.mice and sAMP8 treated with G9a inhibitor *** found a downregul.tion of miR-128 after a G9a inhibition treatment,which interestingl. binds to the 3′untransl.ted region(3′-UTR)of peroxisome-prol.ferator activator receptor γ(PPARG)***,Pparg gene expression l.vel. were higher in the sAMP8 group treated with G9a inhibitor than in the sAMP8 control.*** al.o observed modul.tion of oxidative stress responses might be mainl. driven Pparg after G9a *** confirm these antioxidant effects,we treated primary neuron cel. cul.ures with hydrogen peroxide as an oxidative *** this setting,treatment with G9a inhibitor increases both cel. survival.and antioxidant ***,up-regul.tion of PPARγby G9a inhibitor coul. al.o increase the expression of genes invol.ed in DNA damage responses and *** addition,we al.o described that the PPARγ/AMPK axis partial.y expl.ins the regul.tion of autophagy markers ***,PPARγ/GADD45αpotential.y contributes to enhancing synaptic pl.sticity and neurogenesis after G9a ***,we propose that pharmacol.gical.inhibition of G9a l.ads to a neuroprotective effect that coul. be due,at l.ast in part,by the modul.tion of PPARγ-dependent pathways by miR-128.

关键词： aging cognitive decl.ne epigenetics G9a inhibition microRNAs miR-128 peroxisome-prol.ferator activator receptorγ(PPARγ) PPARG sAMP8