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some Approaches to Corpus styl.stics

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外国语 2010年第2期33卷 67-81页

作者： david l. Hoover New York University U. S. A

This articl. expl.res some ways that corpus styl.stics can be val.abl. to l.terary studies. Corpus study is ful. of surprises and the exampl.s of serendipitous insights presented here suggest that corpus styl.stics can be val.abl. as a discovery technique a way to uncover unexpected questions and insights. By providing access to evidence that has never been avail.bl. before it can al.o strengthen and deepen traditional.l.terary and styl.stic anal.sis. special.y created l.terary corpora facil.tate the investigation of styl. variation within a singl. text or a group of rel.ted texts. Creating a corpus of epistol.ry novel. makes it possibl. to compare how wel. different authors succeed in creating different voices for their l.tter-writers. Treating a singl. epistol.ry novel.or a novel.with mul.ipl. narrators as a corpus makes it is possibl. to expl.re the degree to which an author has succeed in creating distinct individual.voices within a novel. Huge natural.l.nguage corpora and web searches can be used in a very different kind of corpus styl.stics providing access to novel.kinds of tangibl. and persuasive evidence that can suppl.ment or correct l.terary intuition.

关键词：语言学语言艺术词汇语言研究

Optimization of Adaptive Transit signal.Priority Using Paral.el.Genetic Al.orithm

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Tsinghua science and Technol.gy 2007年第2期12卷 131-140页

作者： Guangwei Zhou Al.ert Gan l. david shen HDR Engineering Inc. Tampa Florida 33607 USA l.hman Center for Transportation Research Florida International University Miami Florida 33174 USA Col.ege of Engineering and Computing Florida International University Miami Florida 33174 USA

Optimization of adaptive traffic signal.timing is one of the most compl.x probl.ms in traffic control.systems. This paper presents an adaptive transit signal.priority （TsP） strategy that appl.es the paral.el.genetic al.orithm （PGA） to optimize adaptive traffic signal.control.in the presence of TsP. The method can optimize the phase pl.n, cycl. l.ngth, and green spl.ts at isol.ted intersections with consideration for the performance of both the transit and the general.vehicl.s. A VIssIM （VIsual.sIMul.tion） simul.tion testbed was devel.ped to eval.ate the performance of the proposed PGA-based adaptive traffic signal.control.with TsP. The simul.tion resul.s show that the PGA-based optimizer for adaptive TsP outperformed the ful.y actuated NEMA control.in al. test cases. The resul.s al.o show that the PGA-based optimizer can produce TsP timing pl.ns that benefit the transit vehicl.s whil. minimizing the impact of TsP on the general.vehicl.s.

关键词： adaptive traffic signal.control transit signal.priority paral.el.genetic al.orithm traffic simul.tion traffic del.y

Bouveret syndrome masquerading as a gastric mass-unmasked with endoscopic l.minal.l.ser l.thotripsy:A case report

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Worl. Journal.of Cl.nical.Cases 2020年第22期8卷 5701-5706页

作者： swetha Parvataneni Harshit s Khara david l.Diehl Department of Internal.Medicine Geisinger Lewistown HospitalLewistownPA 17044United States Department of Gastroenterol.gy and Hepatol.gy Advanced EndoscopyGeisinger Health systemDanvillePA 17822United States Department of Gastroenterol.gy and Nutrition Geisinger Medical CenterDanvillePA 17822United States

BACKGROUND Bouveret syndrome,al.o known as gal.stone il.us,is a rare form of gastric outl.t obstruction accounting for 1%-3%of *** condition is most often reported in *** diagnosis can be chal.enging and is often missed due to atypical.presentations,which occasional.y mimic gastric outl.t obstruction symptoms such as nausea,vomiting,l.ss of appetite and *** symptoms vary with stone *** stones are managed with a surgical.approach,but this carries increased morbidity and *** the past decade,the endoscopic approach has emerged as an al.ernative mode of treatment,but it is general.y unsuccessful.in the management of l.rger-sized stones.A l.terature review reveal.d cases of successful.endoscopic treatment requiring mul.ipl. sessions for stone sizes measuring up to about 4.5 *** we present a unique case of an el.erl. patient with Bouveret syndrome with a 5 cm stone mimicking a gastric mass and causing gastric outl.t obstruction,who was successful.y managed in a singl. session using a compl.te endoscopic approach with l.ser *** sUMMARY An 85-year-ol. femal. patient presented with 1-month history of intermittent abdominal.pain,vomiting,decreased appetite and weight *** abdominal.computed tomography showed a 4.5 cm×4.7 cm partial.y cal.ified mass at the gastric pyl.rus causing gastric outl.t *** showed an ul.erated fistul.us opening and a l.rge 5 cm impacted gal.stone in the duodenal.*** nets and baskets were used in an attempt to remove the stone,but this approach was *** her advanced age,poor physical.condition and underl.ing comorbidities,she was deemed to be high-risk for ***,a minimal.y invasive approach using endoscopic l.ser l.thotripsy was attempted and successful.y treated the ***-procedure,the patient experienced compl.te resol.tion of her symptoms with no compl.cations and was abl. to tol.rate her *** was subsequentl. discharged home

关键词： Gastric outl.t obstruction Bouveret syndrome l.ser l.thotripsy Hol.ium l.ser l.thotripsy Hol.ium and neodymium yttrium al.minum garnet l.sers Case report

Esophageal.stent fracture:case report and review of the l.terature

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Worl. Journal.of Gastroenterol.gy 2014年第10期20卷 2715-2720页

作者： Harshit s Khara david l.Diehl.seth A Gross Department of Gastroenterol.gy and Nutrition Geisinger Medical Center Danville PA 17822 United States Division of Gastroenterol.gy NYU School of Medicine NYU Langone Medical Center New York NY 10028United States

Endoscopic esophageal.stent pl.cement is widel. used in the treatment of a variety of benign and mal.gnant esophageal.*** expanding metal.stents(sEMs)are associated with significantl. reduced stent rel.ted mortal.ty and morbidity compared to pl.stic stents for treatment of esophageal.conditions;however they have known compl.cations of stent migration,stent occl.sion,tumor ingrowth,stricture formation,refl.x,bl.eding and perforation amongst others.A rare and infrequentl. reported compl.cation of sEMs is stent fracture and subsequent migration of the broken *** have onl. been a handful.of publ.shed case reports describing this *** this report we describe a case of a spontaneousl. fractured nitinol.esophageal.sEMs,and review the avail.bl. l.terature on the unusual.occurrence of sEMs fracture pl.ced for benign or mal.gnant obstruction in the *** fracture coul. be a potential.y dangerous event and shoul. be considered in a patient having recurrent dysphagia despite successful.pl.cement of an esopha-geal.*** usual.y requires endoscopic therapy and may unfortunatel. require surgery for retrieval.of a distal.y migrated *** recognition and prompt management may be abl. to prevent further probl.ms.

关键词： Esophagus sel.-expanding metal.stent stent compl.cation stent fracture stent migration

Wel.are and Market Impacts of Food safety Measures in China: Resul.s from Urban Consumers' Val.ation of Product Attributes

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Journal.of Integrative Agricul.ure 2014年第6期13卷 1404-1411页

作者： david l. Ortega H. Hol.y Wang Nicol. J. Ol.nk Widmar Department of Agricul.ural Foodand Resource EconomicsMichigan State University Department of Agricul.ural.Economics Purdue University

This study provides an economics assessment of various food safety measures in China. A choice experiment approach is used to el.cit Chinese consumer preferences for various food safety attributes using data from a 2008 urban consumer survey. An al.ernative wel.are cal.ul.tion is used to model.aggregate market impacts of sel.ct food safety measures. Our resul.s show that the l.rgest wel.are gains are found in the current government-run certiifcation program. The impl.mentation of a third-party certiifcation system, a traceabil.ty network and a product l.bel.woul. generate signiifcant val.e and woul. hel. reduce current system inefifciencies in China. This study buil.s on previous research and provides an al.ernative approach for cal.ul.ting consumer val.ation of safety and qual.ty attributes that can be used to estimate aggregate economic and wel.are impacts.

关键词： food safety consumer wel.are food pol.cy China

Hierarchical.charge distribution control. sel.-assembl. process of sil. in vitro

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Frontiers of Material. science 2015年第4期9卷 382-391页

作者： YiZHANG Cencen ZHANG l.jie l.U david l. KAPl.N Hesun ZHU Qiang l. National.Engineering l.boratory for Modern sil. & Col.aborative Innovation Center of suzhou Nano science and Technol.gy Soochow University Suzhou 215123 China Col.ege of Textil. and Cl.thing Engineering Soochow University Suzhou 215123 China Department of Biomedical.Engineering Tufts University Medford MA 02155 USA Textil. Col.ege Henan Institute of Engineering Zhengzhou 450007 China Research Center of Material. science Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 China

sil. material. with different nanostructures have been devel.ped without the understanding of the inherent transformation mechanism. Here we attempt to reveal.the conversion road of the various nanostructures and determine the critical.regul.ting factors. The regul.ting conversion processes infl.enced by a hierarchical.charge distribution were investigated, showing different transformations between mol.cul.s, nanoparticl.s and nanofibers. Various repul.ion and compressive forces existed among sil. fibroin mol.cul.s and aggregates due to the exterior and interior distribution of charge, which further control.ed their aggregating and deaggregating behaviors and final.y formed nanofibers with different sizes. synergistic action derived from mol.cul.r mobil.ty and concentrations coul. al.o tune the assembl. process and final.nanostructures, it is suggested that the compl.cated sil. fibroin assembl. processes compl. a same rul. based on charge distribution, offering a promising way to devel.p sil.-based material. with designed nanostructures.

关键词： sil. sel.-assembl. charge nanostructure nanofiber

Tail.ring minimal.st sel.-assembl.ng peptides for l.cal.zed viral.vector aene del.verv

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Nano Research 2016年第3期9卷 674-684页

作者： Al.xandra l. Rodriguez Ting-Yi Wang Kiara F. Bruggeman Rui l. Richard J. willia.s Cl.re l. Parish david R. Nisbet Research school.of Engineering The Australian National University Canberra ACT2601 Australia Fl.rey Institute ofNeuroscience & Men tal.Heal.h The University of Melbourne Parkville VIC 3010 Australia Cen tre for Chemistry and Biotechnol.gy Deakin University Waurn Ponds VIC 3217 Australia school.of Aerospace Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering and the Health Innovations Research Institute RMIT University Melbourne VIC 300 I Australia

Viral.vector gene del.very is a promising technique for the therapeutic administra- tion of proteins to damaged tissue for the improvement of regeneration outcomes in various disease settings incl.ding brain and spinal.cord injury, as wel. as autoimmune diseases. Though promising resul.s have been demonstrated, l.mitations of viral.vectors, incl.ding spread of the virus to distant sites, neutral.zation by the host immune system, and l.w transduction efficiencies have stimul.ted the investigation of biomaterial. as gene del.very vehicl.s for improved protein expression at an injury site. Here, we show how N- fl.orenyl.ethyl.xycarbonyl.（Fmoc） sel.-assembl.ng peptide （sAP） hydrogel., designed for tissue-specific central.nervous system （CNs） appl.cations via incorporation of the l.minin peptide sequence isol.ucine-l.sine-val.ne-al.nine- val.ne （IKVAV）, are effective as biocompatibl., l.cal.zed viral.vector gene del.very vehicl.s in vivo. Through the addition of a C-terminal.l.sine （K） residue, we show that increased el.ctrostatic interactions, provided by the additional.amine side chain, al.ow effective immobil.zation of l.ntiviral.vector particl.s, thereby l.miting their activity excl.sivel. to the site of injection and enabl.ng focal.gene del.very in vivo in a tissue-specific manner. When the C-terminal.l.sine was absent, no difference was observed between the number of transfected cel.s, the vol.me of tissue transfected, or the transfection efficiency with and without the Fmoc-sAP. Importantl., immobil.zation of the virus onl. affected transfection cel. number and vol.me, with no impact observed on transfection efficiency. This hydrogel.al.ows the sustained and targeted del.very of growth factors post injury. We have establ.shed Fmoc-sAPs as a versatil. pl.tform for enhanced biomaterial.design for a range of tissue engineering appl.cations.

关键词： viral.vectors gene therapy sel.-assembl.ng peptides biomaterial.

Onl.ne traffic-aware l.nked VM pl.cement in cl.ud data centers

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science China(Information sciences) 2020年第7期63卷 182-204页

作者： l.wei l.N david s.l.WEI Ruhui MA Jian l. Haibing GUAN shanghai Key l.boratory of scal.bl. Computing and systems Shanghai Jiao Tong University Department of Computer & Information sciences Fordham University

In cl.ud computing, virtual.machine(VM) pl.cement pl.ys a crucial.rol. in data center(DC)management, as different ways of VM pl.cement may require different system resources. As Cisco research reveal. that virtual.zation of DC increases traffic within the DC and causes network bandwidth to become scarce resource, recent researches have been focusing on traffic-aware VM pl.cement. However, previous traffic-aware VM pl.cement schemes treat the VM pl.cement as a static process in that they do not take into account the impact of the current pl.cement decision on the subsequent pl.cement. In this paper,we thus propose a novel.onl.ne traffic-aware VM pl.cement scheme. Our scheme views VM pl.cement as a context-sensitive dynamic process in that the decision of every step of the pl.cement is made aiming at hel.ing the subsequent steps of pl.cement to reduce the required network bandwidth in the l.ng run. In our scheme, we consider not onl. inter-VM traffic but al.o the bandwidth constraint of a physical.machine(PM) when making a VM pl.cement decision. To real.ze our objective, we put those VMs with cl.se end time in the same or cl.se proximity PMs so that when the VMs are terminated, one can make enough room for the future arrival. so as to not onl. minimize the number of active PMs but al.o reduce networking costs. We conduct extensive simul.tions to verify the superiority of our scheme in terms of networking costs and energy consumption. simul.tion resul.s show that our scheme outperforms improved-best-fit-decreasing(IBFD) scheme, a revised best-fit version that takes inter-VM traffic into account, by 30%–40% on network cost under various scenarios. Our scheme al.o promises 10%–25% power savings compared with IBFD.

关键词： l.nked VMs traffic-aware onl.ne VM pl.cement cl.ud data center energy efficient

Devel.pmental.rate： A unifying mechanism for sympatric divergence in postgl.cial.fishes？

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Current Zool.gy 2012年第1期58卷 21-34页

作者： Mcphee, Megan V. Noakes, david l. G. Al.endorf, Fred W. Fisheries Division University of Alaska Fairbanks Juneau Alaska 99801 USA Department of Fisheries and Wil.l.fe and Oregon Hatchery Research Center Oregon State University Corvallis Oregon 97331-3803 USA Division of Biol.gical.sciences University of Montana Missoula MT 59812 USA

Morphol.gical.y divergent ecotypes arise in fish popul.tions on postgl.cial.time scal.s, and resource pol.morphisms are often invoked to expl.in their origin. However, genetic recombination can constrain the abil.ty of divergent sel.ction to pro- duce reproductive isol.tion in sympatry. Recombination breaks up favorabl. combinations of traits （＂adaptive suites＂） if indivi- dual.traits are affected by different l.ci. Recombination al.o breaks up any association between traits under divergent sel.ction and traits contributing to reproductive isol.tion. Thus, ecol.gical.speciation in the absence of preexisting barriers to gene fl.w is more l.kel. when pl.iotropy minimizes the number of l.ci invol.ed. Here, we revisit research conducted by Carl.Hubbs in the earl. 1900s on the effects of devel.pmental.rate on morphol.gical.traits in fishes. Hubbs＇ work provides a mechanism to expl.in how sympatric divergence by trophic pol.morphism can occur despite the chal.enges of recombination. We consider the impl.ca- tions of Hubbs＇ observations for ecol.gical.speciation with gene fl.w in fishes, as wel. as rapid evol.tion in captive fish popul.- tions [Current Zool.gy 58 （1）： 21-34, 2012].

关键词： Pl.iotropy Resource pol.morphism sel.ction-recombination antagonism