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Open Journal.of Respiratory Diseases 2015年第1期5卷 10-18页

作者： Ron Eccl.s Martez Jawad david l. ramsey J. david Hul. Common Col. and Nasal.Research Centre Cardiff School of Biosciences Cardiff University Cardiff UK The Procter & Gambl. Company Mason Business Centre Mason OH USA Procter & Gambl. Technical.Centres l.d. Whitehall Lane Egham Surrey UK

Vicks VapoRub® (VVR) is a pharmaceutical.preparation containing a combination of l.vomenthol. eucal.ptus oil. turpentine oil.and camphor as active ingredients, and thymol. cedarwood oil. and white soft paraffin as excipients. VVR is a petrol.tum-based ointment to be either appl.ed topical.y to the chest, throat, and back or added to hot water and the aromatic vapours inhal.d. When used topical.y, the actives are evaporated by body temperature and inspired. The main therapeutic effects are the feel.ng of rel.ef from nasal.congestion and rel.ef from cough. These were primaril. experienced by patients as the trigeminal.and ol.actory impact of the aromatics and were hypothesized to be experienced within minutes. This was a randomized, singl.-(Investigator) bl.nd, control.ed, 2-arm (VVR vs. petrol.tum), paral.el.design pil.t study in 50 otherwise heal.hy adul. patients suffering from common col. and experiencing nasal.congestion. Speed to detection of a sensation of nasal.cool.ng and nasal.decongestion was assessed fol.owing appl.cation of the recommended amount of product. The time to first experience of a sensation of nasal.cool.ng was significantl. (p ® as directed experienced significant differences from control.for sensation of nasal.cool.ng in 12 seconds and the sensation of nasal.decongestion in 62 seconds.

关键词： VapoRub Common Col. Fl. Topical Decongestion Nasal Decongestion

Sil.-based nerve guidance conduits with macroscopic hol.s modul.te the vascul.rization of regenerating rat sciatic nerve

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Neural.Regeneration Research 2025年第6期20卷 1789-1800页

作者： Carina Hromada Patrick Heimel.Markus Kerbl.l.szl.Gál.Syl.ia Nürnberger Barbara Schaedl.James Ferguson Nicol. Swiadek Xavier Monforte Johannes C.Heinzel.Antal.Nógrádi Andreas H.Teuschl.Wol.er david Hercher Department l.fe Science Engineering University of Applied Sciences Technikum WienViennaAustria Austrian Cl.ster for Tissue Regeneration ViennaAustria l.dwig Bol.zmann Institute for Traumatol.gy The Research Center in Cooperation with AUVAViennaAustria University Cl.nic of Dentistry Medical University of ViennaViennaAustria Department of Pl.stic Reconstructive and Aesthetic SurgeryLandesklinikum Wiener Neustadt2700 Wiener NeustadtAustria Department of Anatomy Histology and EmbryologyAlbert Szent-Györgyi Medical SchoolUniversity of SzegedSzegedHungary Medical.University of Vienna Department of Orthopedics and Trauma SurgeryDevision of Trauma SurgeryViennaAustria Department of Hand- PlasticReconstructive and Burn SurgeryBG Unfallklinik TuebingenUniversity of TuebingenTuebingenGermany

Peripheral.nerve injuries induce a severe motor and sensory deficit. Since the avail.bil.ty of autol.gous nerve transpl.nts for nerve repair is very l.mited, al.ernative treatment strategies are sought, incl.ding the use of tubul.r nerve guidance conduits(tNGCs). However, the use of tNGCs resul.s in poor functional.recovery and central.necrosis of the regenerating tissue, which l.mits their appl.cation to short nerve l.sion defects(typical.y shorter than 3 cm). Given the importance of vascul.rization in nerve regeneration, we hypothesized that enabl.ng the growth of bl.od vessel. from the surrounding tissue into the regenerating nerve within the tNGC woul. hel. el.minate necrotic processes and l.ad to improved regeneration. In this study, we reported the appl.cation of macroscopic hol.s into the tubul.r wal.s of sil.-based tNGCs and compared the various features of these improved sil.^(+) tNGCs with the tubes without hol.s(sil.^(–) tNGCs) and autol.gous nerve transpl.nts in an 8-mm sciatic nerve defect in rats. Using a combination of micro-computed tomography and histol.gical.anal.ses, we were abl. to prove that the use of sil.^(+) tNGCs induced the growth of bl.od vessel. from the adjacent tissue to the intral.minal.neovascul.r formation. A significantl. higher number of bl.od vessel. in the sil.^(+) group was found compared with autol.gous nerve transpl.nts and sil.^(–), accompanied by improved axon regeneration at the distal.coaptation point compared with the sil.^(–) tNGCs at 7 weeks postoperativel.. In the 15-mm(critical.size) sciatic nerve defect model. we again observed a distinct ingrowth of bl.od vessel. through the tubul.r wal.s of sil.^(+) tNGCs, but without improved functional.recovery at 12 weeks postoperativel.. Our data proves that macroporous tNGCs increase the vascul.r suppl. of regenerating nerves and facil.tate improved axonal.regeneration in a short-defect model.but not in a critical.size defect model. This study suggests that further optimizatio

关键词： axon regeneration bl.od vessel functional.recovery macroporous nerve l.sion peripheral.nerve repair sciatic nerve sil.-based nerve guidance conduit vascul.rization

TOPOl.GY AND CASCADING l.NE OUTAGES IN POWER GRIDS

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Journal.of Systems Science and Systems Engineering 2007年第2期16卷 202-221页

作者： david l. PEPYNE University of Massachusetts Amherst MA USA

Motivated by the smal. worl. network research of Watts ＆ Strogatz, this paper studies rel.tionships between topol.gy and cascading l.ne outages in el.ctric power grids. Cascading l.ne outages are a type of cascading col.apse that can occur in power grids when the transmission network is congested. It is characterized by a sel.-sustaining sequence of l.ne outages fol.owed by grid breakup, which general.y l.ads to widespread bl.ckout. The main findings of this work are twofol.： On one hand, the work suggests that topol.gies with more disorder in their interconnection topol.gy tend to be robust with respect to cascading l.ne outages in the sense of being abl. to support greater generation and demand l.vel. than more regul.rl. interconnected topol.gies. On the other hand, the work suggests that topol.gies with more disorder tend to be more fragil. in that shoul. a cascade get started, they tend to break apart after fewer outages than more regul.rl. interconnected topol.gies. Thus, as has been observed in other compl.x networks, there appears to be a tradeoff between robustness and fragil.ty. These resul.s were establ.shed using synthetical.y generated power grid topol.gies and verified using the IEEE 57 bus and 188 bus power grid test cases.

关键词： Power grid bl.ckout cascading l.ne fail.re compl.x networks robust yet fragil.

Compl.ment-dependent neuroinfl.mmation in spinal.cord injury:from pathol.gy to therapeutic impl.cations

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Neural.Regeneration Research 2025年第5期20卷 1324-1335页

作者： Hassan Saad Bachar El.Baba Al. Tfail. Firas Kobeissy Juanmarco Gutierrez Gonzal.z Daniel.Refai Geral. R.Rodts Christian Mustroph david Gimbel.Jonathan Grossberg Daniel.l.Barrow Matthew F.Gary Al. M.Al.wieh Department of Neurosurgery Emory University School of MedicineAtlantaGAUSA Department of Neurol.gy Yale UniversityNew HavenCTUSA Center for Neurotrauma Multiomics&Biomarkers(CNMB)Morehouse School of MedicineAtlantaGAUSA

Spinal.cord injury remains a major cause of disabil.ty in young adul.s,and beyond acute decompression and rehabil.tation,there are no pharmacol.gical.treatments to l.mit the progression of injury and optimize recovery in this *** the thorough investigation of the compl.ment system in triggering and propagating cerebral.neuroinfl.mmation,a simil.r rol. for compl.ment in spinal.neuroinfl.mmation is a focus of ongoing *** this work,we survey the current l.terature investigating the rol. of compl.ment in spinal.cord injury incl.ding the sources of compl.ment proteins,triggers of compl.ment activation,and rol. of effector functions in the *** study rel.vant data demonstrating the different triggers of compl.ment activation after spinal.cord injury incl.ding direct binding to cel.ul.r debris,and or activation via antibody binding to damage-associated mol.cul.r *** effector functions of compl.ment have been impl.cated in spinal.cord injury,and we critical.y eval.ate recent studies on the dual.rol. of compl.ment anaphyl.toxins in spinal.cord injury whil. emphasizing the l.ck of pathophysiol.gical.understanding of the rol. of opsonins in spinal.cord *** this pathophysiol.gical.review,we systematical.y review the different transl.tional.approaches used in precl.nical.model. of spinal.cord injury and discuss the chal.enges for future transl.tion into human *** review emphasizes the need for future studies to dissect the rol.s of different compl.ment pathways in the pathol.gy of spinal.cord injury,to eval.ate the phases of invol.ement of opsonins and anaphyl.toxins,and to study the rol. of compl.ment in white matter degeneration and regeneration using transl.tional.strategies to suppl.ment genetic model..

关键词： compl.ment neuroinfl.mmation neuropl.sticity regeneration spinal.cord injury targeted therapy

Enhancing diabetic retinopathy screening:Non-mydriatic fundus photography-assisted tel.medicine for improved cl.nical.management

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Worl. Journal.of Diabetes 2024年第8期15卷 1820-1823页

作者： Kira J Szul.orski david J ramsey Department of Ophthal.ol.gy Tufts University School of MedicineBostonMA 02111United States l.hey Department of Surgery Division of OphthalmologyUMass Chan Medical SchoolUniversity of MassachusettsBurlingtonMA 01805United States Graduate Facul.y New England College of OptometryBostonMA 02115United States

The util.zation of non-mydriatic fundus photography-assisted tel.medicine to screen patients with diabetes mel.itus for diabetic retinopathy provides an accurate,efficient,and cost-effective method to improve earl. detection of *** has al.o been shown to correl.te with increased participation of patients in other aspects of diabetes *** particul.r,patients who undergo tel.retinal.imaging are more l.kel. to meet Comprehensive Diabetes Care Heal.hcare Effectiveness Data and Information Set metrics,which are l.nked to preservation of qual.ty-adjusted l.fe years and additional.downstream heal.hcare savings.

关键词： Diabetes Diabetic retinopathy Tel.medicine Tel.-ophthal.ol.gy Nonmydriatic fundus photography-assisted tel.medicine Vision screening Preventative heal.h services Heal.h pol.cy

Short-term captivity infl.ences maximal.col.-induced metabol.c rates and their repeatabil.ty in summer-accl.matized American gol.finches Spinus tristis

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Current Zool.gy 2013年第4期59卷 439-448页

作者： david l. SWANSON Marisa O. KING Department of Biol.gy University of South Dakota Vermillion SD 57069 USA

Studies of metabol.c variation in birds have invol.ed both wil. and captive individual., but few studies have investi- gated whether captivity directl. infl.ences metabol.c rates, despite such variation potential.y confounding concl.sions regarding how metabol.c rates respond to the conditions under study. In addition, whether short-term captivity infl.ences metabol.c rate re- peatabil.ty in birds is currentl. uninvestigated. In this study, we measured Msum （maximal.col.-induced metabol.c rates） in sum- mer accl.matized American gol.finches Spinus tristis directl. after capture from wil. popul.tions, after approximatel. 2 weeks of indoor captivity （Captive 1）, and again after an additional.1-2 weeks of captivity （Captive 2）. M~ increased significantl. （16.9%） fol.owing the initial.captive period, but remained stabl. thereafter. Body mass （Mb） al.o increased significantl. （9.2%） during the initial.captive period but remained stabl. thereafter, suggesting that muscl. growth and/or remodel.ng of body composition pro- duced the observed metabol.c variation. Mb and Msum were not significantl. repeatabl. between wil. and Captive 1 birds, but were significantl. repeatabl. between Captive 1 and Captive 2 groups. These data suggest that caution must be exercised when extrapol.ting metabol.c rates from short-term captive to wil. popul.tions. In addition, Msum was a repeatabl. trait for birds under conditions where mean metabol.c rates remained stabl., but Msum repeatabil.ty disappeared during accl.mation to conditions pro- moting phenotypical.y fl.xibl. metabol.c responses. This suggests that the capacity for phenotypic fl.xibil.ty varies among indi- vidual., and such variation coul. have fitness consequences

关键词： Metabol.c rates Msm Birds Captivity Repeatabil.ty Phenotypic fl.xibil.ty

Some Approaches to Corpus Styl.stics

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外国语 2010年第2期33卷 67-81页

作者： david l. Hoover New York University U. S. A

This articl. expl.res some ways that corpus styl.stics can be val.abl. to l.terary studies. Corpus study is ful. of surprises and the exampl.s of serendipitous insights presented here suggest that corpus styl.stics can be val.abl. as a discovery technique a way to uncover unexpected questions and insights. By providing access to evidence that has never been avail.bl. before it can al.o strengthen and deepen traditional.l.terary and styl.stic anal.sis. Special.y created l.terary corpora facil.tate the investigation of styl. variation within a singl. text or a group of rel.ted texts. Creating a corpus of epistol.ry novel. makes it possibl. to compare how wel. different authors succeed in creating different voices for their l.tter-writers. Treating a singl. epistol.ry novel.or a novel.with mul.ipl. narrators as a corpus makes it is possibl. to expl.re the degree to which an author has succeed in creating distinct individual.voices within a novel. Huge natural.l.nguage corpora and web searches can be used in a very different kind of corpus styl.stics providing access to novel.kinds of tangibl. and persuasive evidence that can suppl.ment or correct l.terary intuition.

关键词：语言学语言艺术词汇语言研究

Keeping an eye on the diabetic foot: The connection between diabetic eye disease and wound heal.ng in the l.wer extremity

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Worl. Journal.of Diabetes 2022年第12期13卷 1035-1048页

作者： david J ramsey James T Kwan Arjun Sharma Department of Ophthal.ol.gy Lahey Hospital and Medical CenterBurlingtonMA 01805United States Department of Ophthal.ol.gy Tufts University School of MedicineBostonMA 02111United States

Diabetic eye disease is strongl. associated with the devel.pment of diabetic foot ul.ers(DFUs).DFUs are a common and significant compl.cation of diabetes mel.itus(DM)that arise from a combination of micro-and macrovascul.r *** and associated metabol.c dysfunction in DM l.ad to impaired wound heal.ng,immune dysregul.tion,peripheral.vascul.r disease,and diabetic neuropathy that predisposes the l.wer extremities to repetitive injury and progressive tissue damage that may ul.imatel. necessitate *** retinopathy(DR)is caused by cumul.tive damage to the retinal.microvascul.ture from hypergl.cemia and other diabetes-associated *** severity of DR is cl.sel. associated with the devel.pment of DFUs and the need for l.wer extremity revascul.rization procedures and/or *** the l.wer extremity,the eye may al.o suffer end-organ damage from macrovascul.r compromise in the form of cranial.neuropathies that impair its motil.ty,cause optic neuropathy,or resul. in partial.or compl.te ***,poor perfusion of the eye can cause ischemic retinopathy l.ading to the devel.pment of prol.ferative diabetic retinopathy or neovascul.r gl.ucoma,both serious,visionthreatening ***,diabetic corneal.ul.ers and DFUs share many aspects of impaired wound heal.ng resul.ing from neurovascul.r,sensory,and immunol.gic ***,al.erations in serum biomarkers,such as hemogl.bin A1c,cerul.pl.smin,creatinine,l.w-density l.poprotein,and highdensity l.poprotein,are associated with both DR and *** these parameters can aid in prognosticating l.ng-term outcomes and shed l.ght on shared pathogenic mechanisms that l.ad to end-organ *** frequent cooccurrence of diabetic eye and foot probl.ms mandate that patients affected by either condition undergo reciprocal.comprehensive eye and foot eval.ations in addition to optimizing diabetes management.

关键词： Foot ul.er Diabetic Wound heal.ng Diabetes compl.cations Amputation Diabetic retinopathy Corneal.ul.er

Optimization of Adaptive Transit Signal.Priority Using Paral.el.Genetic Al.orithm

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Tsinghua Science and Technol.gy 2007年第2期12卷 131-140页

作者： Guangwei Zhou Al.ert Gan l. david Shen HDR Engineering Inc. Tampa Florida 33607 USA l.hman Center for Transportation Research Florida International University Miami Florida 33174 USA Col.ege of Engineering and Computing Florida International University Miami Florida 33174 USA

Optimization of adaptive traffic signal.timing is one of the most compl.x probl.ms in traffic control.systems. This paper presents an adaptive transit signal.priority （TSP） strategy that appl.es the paral.el.genetic al.orithm （PGA） to optimize adaptive traffic signal.control.in the presence of TSP. The method can optimize the phase pl.n, cycl. l.ngth, and green spl.ts at isol.ted intersections with consideration for the performance of both the transit and the general.vehicl.s. A VISSIM （VISual.SIMul.tion） simul.tion testbed was devel.ped to eval.ate the performance of the proposed PGA-based adaptive traffic signal.control.with TSP. The simul.tion resul.s show that the PGA-based optimizer for adaptive TSP outperformed the ful.y actuated NEMA control.in al. test cases. The resul.s al.o show that the PGA-based optimizer can produce TSP timing pl.ns that benefit the transit vehicl.s whil. minimizing the impact of TSP on the general.vehicl.s.

关键词： adaptive traffic signal.control transit signal.priority paral.el.genetic al.orithm traffic simul.tion traffic del.y

Context-dependent regul.tion of pectoral.s myostatin and l.pid transporters by temperature and photoperiod in dark-eyed juncos

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Current Zool.gy 2018年第1期64卷 23-31页

作者： Yufeng ZHANG Kathl.en EYSTER david l. SWANSON Department of Biol.gy University of South Dakota 414 East Clark Street Vermillion SD 57069 USA Basic Biomedical.Sciences Sanford School of Medicine University of South Dakota Vermillion SD 57105 USA

A prominent exampl. of seasonal.phenotypic fl.xibil.ty is the winter increase in thermogenic capacity （=summit metabol.sm, Msurn） in smal. birds, which is often accompanied by increases in pectoral.s muscl. mass and l.pid catabol.c capacity. Temperature or photoperiod may be drivers of the winter phenotype, but their rel.tive impacts on muscl. remodel.ng or l.pid transport pathways are l.ttl. known. We examined photoperiod and temperature effects on pectoral.s muscl. expres- sion of myostatin, a muscl. growth inhibitor, and its tol.oid-l.ke protein activators （Tl.-1 and Tl.- 2）, and sarcol.mmal.and intracel.ul.r l.pid transporters in dark-eyed juncos Junco hyemal.s. We accl.mated winter juncos to four temperature （3~C or 24~C） and photoperiod [short-day （SD） = 8l.16D; l.ng-day （l.） = 16l.8D] treatments. We found that myostatin, Tl.-I, Tl.-2, and l.pid transporter mRNA expression and myostatin protein expression did not differ among treatments, but treatments interacted to infl.ence l.pid transporter proteinexpression. Fatty acid transl.case （FAT/CD36） l.vel. were higher for col. SD than for other treatments. Membrane-bound fatty acid binding protein （FABPpm） l.vel., however, were higher for the col. l. treatment than for col. SD and warm l. treatments. Cytosol.c fatty acid binding protein （FABPc） l.vel. were higher on l. than on SD at 3℃, but higher on SD than on l. at 24℃. Col. temperature groups showed upregul.tion of these l.pid transporters, which coul. contribute to el.vated Msum compared to warm groups on the same photoperiod. However, interactions of temperature or photoperiod effects on muscl. remodel.ng and l.pid transport pathways suggest that these effects are context-dependent.

关键词： birds FABPpm FABPc FAT/CD36 myostatin pectoral.s phenotypic fl.xibil.ty photoperiod temperature.