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The Influence of the Implementation of Trade Facilitation Systems on the Time Required for Creating Delivery Orders: A Case Study of Tema Port

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World Journal of Engineering and Technology 2024年第3期12卷 529-539页

作者： Justice Awosonviri Akodia Clement K. Dzidonu david king Boison Philip Kisembe Joseph Gbandi Advanced School of Systems and Data Studies Accra Institute of Technology Accra Ghana Department of Procurement Logistics and Supply Chain Management Ghana Communication Technology University Accra Ghana Department of Computer Engineering Ghana Communication Technology University Accra Ghana College of Education Ohio University Athens Ohio USA

This study evaluated the impact of Ghana’s Integrated Customs Management System (ICUMS), implemented within the National Single Window initiative, on the efficiency of issuing Delivery Orders (DO) at Tema Port. Filling a gap in the existing literature, the research employed a quantitative approach to assess a specific time-related aspect of the cargo clearance process. Employing an Independent t-test on a dataset spanning 2026 Delivery Orders (924 pre-ICUMS and 1102 post-ICUMS) from July 2020 to July 2023, the study investigated ICUMS’s effectiveness in reducing DO issuance time. Results indicate a noteworthy decrease in average DO issuance time, from 11 days pre-implementation to approximately 9 days post-implementation, a reduction validated by statistical analysis through the independent t-test. In light of these findings, the study recommends ongoing refinement of the implementation, reinforcement of trade facilitation measures, and the adoption of best practices from successful global ports. Continuous stakeholder training and regular assessments of ICUMS performance are also endorsed. The study’s implications support the theoretical framework for Single Window systems and carry significant policy implications, emphasizing the need for collaborative efforts to streamline trade facilitation processes driven by Information Technology. Practically, the results serve as a management tool for stakeholders, highlighting areas for targeted interventions to reduce DO issuance times. Methodologically, this research contributes by applying robust statistical analysis to a specific component within the Time Release Study framework, offering a nuanced understanding of trade facilitation systems’ effectiveness in improving cargo clearance processes.

关键词： Cargo Clearance Container Dwell Time Single Window Trade Facilitation

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Energy shift： decline of easy oil and restructuring of eo-politics

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Frontiers in Energy 2016年第3期10卷 260-267页

作者： Oliver R. INDERWILDI david A. king Smith School of Enterprise and the Environment University of OxfordOxford OX1 3QY United Kingdom

This paper critically assesses the geopolitical and geo-economic impact of novel fuel resources on both resource exporters and importers. Presently, very strong political and economic forces drive the utilisation of domestic, unconventional oil and gas recovery in the West as these enhance energy security and ease balance of payment issues. The additional capacity generated by this trend has, supported by other effects such as Saudi Arabia＇s decision to maintain current production, triggered a significant reduction ofoil prices. Consequently, it is now oil exporters that struggle with the balance of payment issues and often these countries base their fiscal budget completely on fossil fuel revenues. In fact, these unconventional resources help turn the tide while oil exporters are now politically significantly weakened due to the increased energy sufficiency of the West. The catch is that the extraction of unconventional types ofoil has many environmental implications. So, internalising the environ- mental externalities have to be considered. This paper, therefore, assesses, next to geopolitics and geo-economics, the environmental implications of this trend.

关键词： energy security climatic change geo-economics geopolitics unconventional resources macroeconomics

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Macroeconomic impacts of oil price volatility： mitigation and resilience

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Frontiers in Energy 2014年第1期8卷 9-24页

作者： Zoheir EBRAHIM Oliver R, INDERWILDI david A. king Smith School of Enterprise and the Environment University of OxfordOxford OX1 3QY United Kingdom

Dependency sectors, most notably on oil-derived fuels in various in mobility, has left the global economy vulnerable to several macroeconomic economic side effects. Numerous studies have addressed the effect of price volatility on specific economic parameters. However, the current literature lacks a comprehensive review of the interactions between global macroeconomic performance and oil price volatility （OPV）. Price volatility is intrinsic in commodity markets, but has been advancing at a faster rate in the crude oil market in comparison to other commodities over the past decade, reflecting the status ofoil as the most globalised commodity. In this paper, the analytical literature review and analysis of the behavioral responses of macroeconomic agents to OPV shows that such volatility has several damaging and destabilizing macro- economic impacts that will present a fundamental barrier to future sustainable economic growth if left unchecked. To ensure macroeconomic isolation from OPV, a combination of supply and demand-side policies have been recom- mended that can help to mitigate and build resilience to the economic uncertainty advanced by OPV.

关键词： conventional oil price volatility macroecon-omy economic stability energy security

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Optimized greenery configuration to mitigate urban heat:A decade systematic review

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Frontiers of Architectural Research 2022年第3期11卷 466-491页

作者： Jiawei Fu Karine Dupre Silvia Tavares david king Zsuzsa Banhalmi-Zakar College of Science and Engineering James Cook UniversityTownsville 4811Australia School of Engineering and Built Environment Griffith UniversityGold Coast 4215Australia School of Law and Society University of the Sunshine CoastSunshine Coast 4556Australia

Urban vegetation is a nature-based solution for cooling *** global warming and urban population growth,it is essential to optimize urban vegetation configuration in the urban area to bring maximum cooling *** paper reviews 85 optimized urban vegetation configuration studies published from 2010 to 2020 to provide an insight into the most effective vegetation configuration for urban heat *** and preferences in methods and the optimized greenery configurations are comprehensively *** results indicate that size,quantity,and layout of urban green space and the physiological characteristics and spatial arrangement of urban vegetation significantly influence their cooling ***,two other research gaps were ***,more research needs to be done in southern hemisphere cities experiencing rapid urbanization and severe impacts of extreme ***,a comprehensive method for quantifying interactions and cumulative effects of natural and artificial factors in the urban environment is *** study needs a holistic understanding of the interactive effects of vegetation spatial distribution on urban environment and climate for a more accurate analysis of optimal cooling greening layouts in large urban areas at multi-scales.

关键词： Thermal comfort Greenery configuration Urban heat mitigation Climate change Planting design Vegetation spatial arrangement

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Variation in abundance and habitat relationship of three understory insectivorous birds in a disturbed landscape of Neotropical dry forest of Colombia

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Avian Research 2020年第3期11卷 265-276页

作者： Camilo Loaiza Olga LMontenegro david king Manuel Spínola Lilibeth Arinda Palacio Agustín Rudas Instituto de Ciencias Naturales Universidad Nacional de ColombiaBogotáColombia Northern Research Station USDA Forest ServiceUniversity of Massachusetts204 Holdsworth HallAmherstMA 01003USA Instituto Internacional en Conservación y Manejo de Vida Silvestre Universidad NacionalApartado1350-3000 HerediaCosta Rica.

Background:Evaluating relationships between avian populations and their habitat is important for understanding the biology of these species and for management decisions that improve the effectiveness of restoration *** investigated how habitat variation along a disturbance gradient affected the abundance of three insectivorous bird species,White-bellied Antbird(Myrmeciza longipes),Barred Antshrike(Thamnophilus doliatus),and Pale-breasted Spinetail(Synallaxis albescens)in a Neotropical dry forest remnant in central ***:The study area,which is located in Magdalena Valley,is under ecological restoration after the construction of the“El Quimbo”hydroelectric dam,with a gradient of habitat conditions,from relatively advanced secondary growth to recently disturbed *** conducted bird surveys and quantified the habitat conditions from June 2018 to June *** compared the relative abundance of the birds among the three zones with increasing disturbance and modeled the relationship between the bird abundance with the micro-and landscape-habitat conditions,with Poisson generalized linear model ***:The relative abundance of the three bird species varied according to the habitat features and disturbance *** abundance of White-bellied Antbirds was higher in forests and thickets than shrubland fragments;Barred Antshrike was more abundant in shrubland and thickets than in forest fragments,and Pale-breasted Spinetail had the highest abundance in shrubland and the lowest in forest *** abundance of both White-bellied Antbird and Pale-breasted Spinetail did not differ among zones with different levels of disturbance,while the abundance of Barred Antshrike decreased in zones with more ***:There were significant differences in the habitat relationships of the three understory insectivorous species along the disturbance gradient,although these species were within the same trophic *** bird species prefer

关键词： Bird population ecology Generalized linear models Wildlife habitat restoration

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The policy-driven peak and reduction of China's carbon emissions

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Advances in Climate Change Research 2020年第2期11卷 65-71页

作者： QI Ye Nicholas STERN HE Jian-Kun LU Jia-Qi LIU Tian-Le david king WU Tong Institute for Public Policy The Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyHong KongChina School of Public Policy and Management Tsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China Grantham Research Institute on Climate Change and the Environment London School of Economics and Political ScienceLondonWC2A 2AEUK Institute for Low-Carbon Economy Research Tsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China Nelson Institute for Environmental Studies University of Wisconsin MadisonWisconsin53562USA Department of Political Science University of Wisconsin MadisonWisconsin53562USA Division of Public Policy The Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyHong KongChina Department of Chemistry University of CambridgeCambridgeCB21TNUK State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology Research Center for Eco-Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China Natural Capital Project Stanford UniversityCalifornia94305USA

Pursuant to the Paris Agreement,China committed itself to peak its carbon emissions by around 2030 and to increase the non-fossil share ofprimary energy to 20%at the same *** government has supported the international agreement by setting and strengthening the domesticpolicy targets for an earlier peak and faster reduction,aiming to contain the average global temperature increase to well below 2℃.We developa Kaya Inequality method to assess the time of peak and pace of reduction of China's energy-related CO2emissions based on the national energypolicy targets for *** find that,despite the minor fluctuations,the current plateau essentially represents the peak emissions and should entera phase of steady decline by around 2025,given current trends in energy consumption and *** developments would beconsistent with the strengthened national policy target to achieve 50%of renewable power generation by ***,the basic policy targetsea 20%share of non-fossil energy and 6 Gtce in total energy consumption by 2030ewould be insufficient to peak carbon emissions by around *** synergy and interplay between domestic policy target setting and international climate commitments shed light on the need to elevatenational climate ambitions under the Paris Agreement and beyond.

关键词： China's carbon peak Paris agreement Reduced Kaya approach Climate change

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Socialising

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2005年

作者： david king

来源：畅想之星图书光盘版（南... 评论

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Categorizing HIV-1 subtypes using an ant-based clustering algorithm

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Journal of Biomedical Science and Engineering 2010年第8期3卷 785-790页

作者： david king Wei Hu 不详

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is especially difficult to treat due to its rapid mutation rate. There are currently eleven different genomic subtypes of HIV-1, as well as a number of recombinant subtypes. An area of study in bioinformatics is the development of algorithms to identify the subtypes of HIV-1 genomes. Ant-based algorithms have the ability to find global solutions in optimizations problems, and are also able to process complex data efficiently. We proposed a new technique named Ant Colony Anchor Algorithm (ACAA), using anchors of training data on a topographic map to categorize HIV-1 sequences based on ant-based clustering. We used three sets of sequences from the POL region of the HIV-1 genome. We categorized these three dataset with the Subtype Analyzer (STAR), a current HIV-1 categorization algorithm, and the ACAA. We found that the ACAA returned higher accuracy values of 83.2%, 67.1%, and 53.5% for our three datasets respectively, than the STAR’s 47.3%, 49.4% and 18%. The results of the ACAA are the average results of 20 runs of the algorithm. We also observed the performance of the algorithm on specific subtypes, and observed that while the STAR and ACAA performed with similar accuracy on several subtypes (A, B, and C in particular), the ACAA had a significant advantage over the STAR in others, especially in categorizing recombinant subtypes.

关键词： Ants Clustering HIV Classification Subtype STAR ATTA Bioinformatics

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Correlation of selected molecular markers in chemosensitivity prediction

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Journal of Biomedical Science and Engineering 2009年第7期2卷 506-515页

作者： david king Thomas Keane Wei Hu 不详

Finding effective cancer treatment is a challenge, because the sensitivity of the cancer stems from both intrinsic cellular properties and acquired resistances from prior treatment. Previous research has revealed individual protein markers that are significant to chemosensitivity prediction. Our goal is to find correlated protein markers which are collectively significant to chemosensitivity prediction to complement the individual markers already reported. In order to do this, we used the D’ correlation measurement to study the feature selection correlations for chemosensitivity prediction of 118 anticancer agents with putatively known mechanisms of action. Three data-sets on the NCI-60 were utilized in this study: two protein datasets, one previously studied for chemosensitivity prediction and another novel to this topic, and one DNA copy number dataset. To validate our approach, we identified the protein markers that were strongly correlated by our analysis with the individual protein markers found in previous studies. Our feature analysis discovered highly correlated protein marker pairs, based on which we found individual protein markers with medical significance. While some of the markers uncovered were consistent with those previously reported, others were original to this work. Using these marker pairs we were able to further correlate the cellular functions associated with them. As an exploratory analysis, we discovered feature selection correlation patterns between and within different drug mechanisms of action for each of our datasets. In conclusion, the highly correlated protein marker pairs as well as their functions found by our feature analysis are validated by previous studies, and are shown to be medically significant, demonstrating D’ as an effective measurement of correlation in the context of feature selection for the first time.

关键词： Cancer Chemosensitivity Correlation D’ Feature Selection Genetic Algorithm Markov Blanket Memetic Algorithm NCI-60

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Covariation of mutation pairs expressed in HIV-1 protease and reverse transcriptase genes subjected to varying treatments

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Journal of Biomedical Science and Engineering 2010年第3期3卷 291-299页

作者： david king Roger Cherry Wei Hu 不详

A previous study, focused on the correlation of muta-tion pairs of synonymous (S) and asynonymous (A) mutations, distinguished only between the treated and untreated data of protease and reverse tran-scriptase (RT) of HIV-1 subtype B. It is well known that single mutation patterns in HIV-1 are treat-ment-specific. It logically follows that covariation between mutations will also be treatment specific. Thus, our motivation is to give a more in depth study of the covariation between mutation pairs, analyzing not only treated and untreated, but what specific treatments were used, and how they affected the co-variation between the mutations differently. We in-tended to further deepen this study by analyzing the covariation of mutations in protease and RT in dif-ferent subtypes of HIV-1. We found that virus sam-ples subjected to antiretroviral Protease- and RT- inhibitors do show different patterns of mutation covariation in B-subtype protease and RT of HIV-1, while maintaining the same overall trend. covariation will tend to be higher and more distinct from and covariation after treatment. The same trend continues in protease and RT re-gardless of subtype. We also found the highly cova-ried codon positions, position pairs, and position- covariation clusters in protease, affected by different treatments. Most of them are well known major drug-resistance sites for these treatments.

关键词： HIV Covariation Synonymous Mutation Asynonymous Mutation Protease Reverse Transcriptase Drug Resistance

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