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Why the Conversion of hydrogen h_(2)Is Still-or more Than Ever-Delayed

management Studies 2024年第4期12卷 218-224页

作者： david Novak DIPLOmA University of Applied Sciences Germany Fhm University of Small and medium Enterprises and International University Germany

Numerous decision-makers in politics,science,and business worldwide have acknowledged that hydrogen h_(2) will become one of the most important energy sources of the 21st century if the desired energy transition to carbon-free energy sources is to be taken ***,this transition in general and the introduction of h_(2) in particular is still progressing far too *** are now countless projects worldwide,including several worth billions of US dollars,but we are still waiting for the *** seem to be various reasons for this,not just one single or most important ***:In the overall context of global earth overheating(often downplayed as“climate change”),hydrogen h_(2) will undoubtedly play a decisive role as of *** paper aims to identify the key challenges and propose solutions for establishing a sustainable value chain for market penetration of h_(2).Design/methodology/approach:This paper aims to shed light on the current situation using freely accessible publications from global management consultancies and the German government,as well as critical *** problem of human behavior is also explained by the Novak ***:most people have come to understand that anthropogenic global overheating can only be solved by new technologies(which cost money,time,and behavioral change)in production and *** h_(2) appears to be an essential part of the desired ***,there are currently still numerous challenges and also concrete concerns worldwide,which partially cast the implementation in a questionable *** findings suggest that establishing a demand and supply of h_(2) needs a comprehensive infrastructure,circular economy principles,and changes in consumer behavior and policy *** paper proposes solutions for addressing these *** countries:The situation described here relates to Germany and the EU countries,but it is likely to be comparable,or at leas

关键词： global earth overheating hydrogen h_(2) Novak Triangle-motivation/Decision making for People to Act

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highly transparent anti-reflection coating enhances the underwater efficiency and stability of perovskite solar modules

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Nano Research 2024年第9期17卷 8126-8133页

作者： Feng Qian Shihao Yuan Ting Zhang Lei Wang Xiaobo Li hualin Zheng Qien Xu Zhi david Chen Shibin Li School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu 610054China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Center for Nanoscale Science and Engineering University of KentuckyLexingtonKentucky 40506USA

Perovskite solar cells have shown great potential in the field of underwater solar cells due to their excellent optoelectronic properties;however,their underwater performance and stability still hinder their practical *** this research,a 1h,1h,2h,2h-heptadecafluorodecyl acrylate(hFDA)anti-reflection coating(ARC)was introduced as a high-transparent material for encapsulating perovskite solar modules(PSms).Optical characterization results revealed that hFDA can effectively reduce reflection of light below 800 nm,aiding in the absorption of light within this wavelength range by underwater solar ***,a remarkable efficiency of 14.65%was achieved even at a water depth of 50 ***,the concentration of Pb^(2+)for hFDA-encapsulated film is significantly reduced from 186 to 16.5 ppb after being immersed in water for 347 ***,the encapsulated PSms still remained above 80%of their initial efficiency after continuous underwater illumination for 400 ***,being exposed to air,the encapsulated PSms maintained 94%of their original efficiency after 1000 h light *** highly transparent ARC shows great potentials in enhancing the stability of perovskite devices,applicable not only to underwater cells but also extendable to land-based photovoltaic devices.

关键词： underwater photovoltaics perovskite solar modules anti-reflection coating underwater stability

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A novel diagnostic gene region for distinguishing between two pest fruit flies:Bactrocera tryoni(Froggatt)and Bactrocera neohumeralis(hardy)(Diptera:Tephritidae)

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Insect Science 2024年第4期31卷 1285-1295页

作者： melissa L.Starkie Elizabeth V.Fowler Alexander m.Piper Xiaocheng Zhu Pauline Wyatt david Gopurenko matt N.Krosch Francesca Strutt Karen F.Armstrong hamish Patrick mark K.Schutze mark J.Blacket Department of Agriculture and Fisheries BiosecurityBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia Agriculture Victoria AgriBioBundooraVictoriaAustralia Department of Primary Industries Wagga Wagga Agricultural InstituteWagga WaggaNew South WalesAustralia Forensic Services Group Queensland Police ServiceBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia Department of Pest-management and Conservation Lincoln UniversityLincolnNew Zealand Better Border Biosecurity(B3 B3nz.org.nz)LincolnNew Zealand

Bactrocera tryoni and Bactrocera neohumeralis are morphologically similar sibling pest fruit fly species that possess different biological attributes,geographic distributions,and host *** need to differentiate between the two species is critical for accurate pest status assessment,management,biosecurity,and maintenance of reference *** morphologically similar,adults may be separated based on subtle characters;however,some characters exhibit intraspecific variability,creating overlap between the two ***,there is currently no single molecular marker or rapid diagnostic assay that can reliably distinguish between *** and ***;therefore,ambiguous samples remain *** we report the first molecular marker that can consistently distinguish between *** and *** diagnostic region consists of two adjacent single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs)within the pangolin(pan)gene *** confirmed the genotypes of each species are consistent across their distributional range,then developed a tetra-primer amplification refractory mutation system(ARmS)PCR assay for rapid diagnosis of the *** assay utilizes four primers in multiplex,with two outer universal primers,and two internal primers:one designed to target two adjacent SNPs(AA)present in *** and the other targeting adjacent SNPs present in ***(GG).The assay accurately discriminates between the two species,but their SNP genotypes are shared with other nontarget tephritid fruit fly ***,this assay is most suited to adult diagnostics where species confirmation is necessary in determining ambiguous surveillance trap catches;maintaining pure colony lines;and in Sterile Insect Technique management responses.

关键词： ARmS-PCR colony molecular diagnostics pangolin tetra-primer

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The flattening of spacetime hierarchy of the N,N-dimethyltryptamine brain state is characterized by harmonic decomposition of spacetime(hADES) framework

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National Science Review 2024年第5期11卷 46-55页

作者： Jakub Vohryzek Joana Cabral Christopher Timmermann Selen Atasoy Leor Roseman david J.Nutt Robin L.Carhart-harris Gustavo Deco morten L.Kringelbach Centre for Eudaimonia and human Flourishing Linacre CollegeDepartment of Psychiatry University of Oxford Department of Psychiatry University of Oxford Center for music in the Brain Aarhus University Center for Brain and Cognition Computational Neuroscience GroupDepartment of Information and Communication TechnologiesUniversitat Pompeu Fabra Life and health Sciences Research Institute School of MedicineUniversity of Minho ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory Centre for Psychedelic Research Department of Brain Sciences Imperial College London Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry University of California San Francisco Institució Catalana de la Recerca i Estudis Avan?ats (ICREA) Department of Neuropsychology Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences School of Psychological Sciences Monash University

The human brain is a complex system, whose activity exhibits flexible and continuous reorganization across space and time. The decomposition of whole-brain recordings into harmonic modes has revealed a repertoire of gradient-like activity patterns associated with distinct brain functions. however, the way these activity patterns are expressed over time with their changes in various brain states remains unclear. here, we investigate healthy participants taking the serotonergic psychedelic N,N-dimethyltryptamine(DmT) with the harmonic Decomposition of Spacetime(hADES) framework that can characterize how different harmonic modes defined in space are expressed over time. hADES demonstrates significant decreases in contributions across most low-frequency harmonic modes in the DmT-induced brain state. When normalizing the contributions by condition(DmT and non-DmT), we detect a decrease specifically in the second functional harmonic, which represents the uni-to transmodal functional hierarchy of the brain,supporting the leading hypothesis that functional hierarchy is changed in psychedelics. moreover, hADES'dynamic spacetime measures of fractional occupancy, life time and latent space provide a precise description of the significant changes of the spacetime hierarchical organization of brain activity in the psychedelic state.

关键词： spatio-temporal brain dynamics DmT harmonic modes

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Role of fecal microbiota transplant in management of hepatic encephalopathy: Current trends and future directions

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World Journal of hepatology 2024年第1期16卷 17-32页

作者： Yash R Shah hassam Ali Angad Tiwari david Guevara-Lazo Natalia Nombera-Aznaran Bhanu Siva mohan Pinnam manesh Kumar Gangwani harishankar Gopakumar Amir h Sohail SriLakshmiDevi Kanumilli Ernesto Calderon-martinez Geetha Krishnamoorthy Nimish Thakral Dushyant Singh Dahiya Department of Internal medicine Trinity Health Oakland/Wayne State UniversityPontiacMI 48341United States Division of Gastroenterology and hepatology East Carolina University/Brody School of MedicineGreenvilleNC 27858United States Department of Internal medicine Maharani Laxmi Bai Medical CollegeJhansi 284001India Faculty of medicine Universidad Peruana Cayetano HerediaLima 15102Peru Department of Internal medicine John H.Stroger Hospital of Cook CountyChicagoIL 60612United States Department of Internal medicine The University of ToledoToledoOH 43606United States Department of Gastroenterology and hepatology University of Illinois College of Medicine at PeoriaPeoriaIL 61605United States Department of Surgery University of New MexicoAlbuquerqueNM 87106United States Department of Internal medicine GSL Medical CollegeRajamahendravaram 533296India Department of Internal medicine Universidad Nacional Autonoma de MexicoCiudad De Mexico 04510Mexico Department of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition University of KentuckyLexingtonKY 40536United States Division of Gastroenterology Hepatology&MotilityThe University of Kansas School of MedicineKansas CityKS 66160United States

Fecal microbiota transplantation(FmT)offers a potential treatment avenue for hepatic encephalopathy(hE)by leveraging beneficial bacterial displacement to restore a balanced gut *** prevalence of hE varies with liver disease severity and *** pathogenesis involves ammonia toxicity,gut-brain communication disruption,and *** aims to restore gut microbiota balance,addressing these ***'s efficacy has been explored in various conditions,including *** suggest that FmT can modulate gut microbiota,reduce ammonia levels,and alleviate *** has shown promise in alcohol-associated,hepatitis B and C-associated,and non-alcoholic fatty liver *** include improved liver function,cognitive function,and the slowing of disease ***,larger,controlled studies are needed to validate its effectiveness in these *** have shown cognitive improvements through FmT,with potential benefits in cirrhotic ***,trials have demonstrated reduced serious adverse events and cognitive enhancements in FmT arms compared to the standard of *** evidence is promising,challenges remain:Limited patient numbers,varied dosages,administration routes,and donor *** large-scale,controlled trials are essential to establish standardized guidelines and ensure FmT's clinical applications and *** FmT holds potential for hE management,ongoing research is needed to address these challenges,optimize protocols,and expand its availability as a therapeutic option for diverse hepatic conditions.

关键词： hepatic encephalopathy Fecal microbiota transplant Cognitive impairment Liver cirrhosis Chronic liver disease

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Effects of crop residues for animal consumption and soil enhancement on the electricity generation potential of residues:A case study of Sawla-Tuna-Kalba district,Ghana

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2024年第4期17卷 276-287页

作者： Augustine Awaafo Edward A.Awafo meisam mahdavi david Vera Gilbert Ayine Akolgo Emmanuel Amankwah Francisco Jurado Department of Electrical Engineering University of JaénLinares 23700JaénSpain Department of Computer and Electrical Engineering University of Energy and Natural ResourcesSunyani P.O.Box 214Ghana Department of Agricultural and Bioresources Engineering University of Energy and Natural ResourcesSunyani P.O.Box 214Ghana

many studies have estimated the potential of crop residues for energy generation globally and recognized its great potential,especially in rural areas where on-grid electricity is ***,crop residues have other equally important uses as animal feed and as mulch for soil enhancement,especially in rural farming ***,most of the known studies have neglected the estimation of the quantity of crop residues that will be required for feeding animals and also for the enhancement of soil through mulching in their energy potential estimation from crop *** these two important uses can lead to the over-exploitation of the residues for energy generation at the expense of conservation agriculture practices as well as depriving animals of quality feed which can lead to low crop yield and animal production,with the ability to cause hunger and *** study has assessed the potential of electricity generation from agricultural residues in the Sawla-Tuna-Kalba district of Ghana using gasification technology,taking cognizance of the proportion of residues needed for animal consumption and soil *** results of the study indicate that out of the 207646.22 t of residues that can be generated from maize,yam,cassava,millet,sorghum,and groundnut,26830.36 t(representing 13%)will be required by sheep,goats,and cows for consumption,and 13936.17 t(representing 7%)will be required for mulching soils where the crops are ***,it was found that a total of 592.17 mW∙h of electricity can be generated from crop residues without animal consumption and soil enhancement needs,while 461.89 mW∙h could be generated from the residues,considering animal feed and soil *** study has indicated that it is not enough to consider soil enhancement and animal feeding in agricultural biomass power generation through recovery factors without the exact quantification of residues required for these purposes since this can lead to a vi

关键词： animal feed crop residue electricity generation soil enhancement

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Rumen microbial degradation of bromoform from red seaweed(Asparagopsis taxiformis)and the impact on rumen fermentation and methanogenic archaea

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2024年第1期15卷 412-426页

作者： Pedro Romero Alejandro Belanche Elisabeth Jiménez Rafael hueso Eva Ramos-morales Joan King Salwen Ermias Kebreab david R.Yáñez-Ruiz Estacion Experimental del Zaidin Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas(CSIC)Profesor Albareda 1Granada 18008Spain Department of Animal Production and Food Sciences University of ZaragozaMiguel Servet 177Saragossa 50013Spain Blue Ocean Barns Inc. Redwood CityCAUSA Department of Animal Science University of CaliforniaDavisCA 95618USA

Background The red macroalgae Asparagopsis is an effective methanogenesis inhibitor due to the presence of halogenated methane(Ch_(4))analogues,primarily bromoform(ChBr_(3)).This study aimed to investigate the degradation process of ChBr3 from A taxiformis in the rumen and whether this process is *** in vitro batch culture system was used according to a 2×2 factorial design,assessing two A taxiformis inclusion rates[0(CTL)and 2%Dm diet(AT)]and two diets[high-concentrate(hC)and high-forage diet(hF)].Incubations lasted for 72 h and samples of headspace and fermentation liquid were taken at 0,0.5,1,3,6,8,12,16,24,48 and 72 h to assess the pattern of degradation of ChBr_(3) into dibromomethane(Ch_(2)Br_(2))and fermentation ***,an in vitro experiment with pure cultures of seven methanogens strains(methanobrevibacter smithii,methanobrevibacter ruminantium,methanosphaera stadtmanae,methanosarcina barkeri,methanobrevibacter millerae,methanorhermobacter wolfei and methanobacterium mobile)was conducted to test the effects of increasing concentrations of ChBr3(0.4,2,10and 50μmol/L).Results The addition of AT significantly decreased Ch_(4) production(P=0.002)and the acetate:propionate ratio(P=0.003)during a 72-h *** concentrations of ChBr_(3) showed a rapid decrease with nearly 90%degraded within the first 3 h of *** the contrary,Ch_(2)Br_(2) concentration quickly increased during the first 6 h and then gradually decreased towards the end of the *** ChBr_(3) degradation nor Ch_(2)Br_(2) synthesis were affected by the type of diet used as substrate,suggesting that the fermentation rate is not a driving factor involved in ChBr_(3)*** in vitro culture of methanogens showed a dose-response effect of ChBr3 by inhibiting the growth of ***,***,***,***,***,***,and *** The present work demonstrated that ChBr_(3) from *** is quickly degrad

关键词： Bromoform metabolism Dibromomethane metabolism methane mitigation methanogens Rumen microbiota Seaweed

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Silk-based nerve guidance conduits with macroscopic holes modulate the vascularization of regenerating rat sciatic nerve

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第6期20卷 1789-1800页

作者： Carina hromada Patrick heimel markus Kerbl LászlóGál Sylvia Nürnberger Barbara Schaedl James Ferguson Nicole Swiadek Xavier monforte Johannes C.heinzel Antal Nógrádi Andreas h.Teuschl-Woller david hercher Department Life Science Engineering University of Applied Sciences Technikum WienViennaAustria Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration ViennaAustria Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Traumatology The Research Center in Cooperation with AUVAViennaAustria University Clinic of Dentistry Medical University of ViennaViennaAustria Department of Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic SurgeryLandesklinikum Wiener Neustadt2700 Wiener NeustadtAustria Department of Anatomy Histology and EmbryologyAlbert Szent-Györgyi Medical SchoolUniversity of SzegedSzegedHungary medical University of Vienna Department of Orthopedics and Trauma SurgeryDevision of Trauma SurgeryViennaAustria Department of hand- PlasticReconstructive and Burn SurgeryBG Unfallklinik TuebingenUniversity of TuebingenTuebingenGermany

Peripheral nerve injuries induce a severe motor and sensory deficit. Since the availability of autologous nerve transplants for nerve repair is very limited, alternative treatment strategies are sought, including the use of tubular nerve guidance conduits(tNGCs). however, the use of tNGCs results in poor functional recovery and central necrosis of the regenerating tissue, which limits their application to short nerve lesion defects(typically shorter than 3 cm). Given the importance of vascularization in nerve regeneration, we hypothesized that enabling the growth of blood vessels from the surrounding tissue into the regenerating nerve within the tNGC would help eliminate necrotic processes and lead to improved regeneration. In this study, we reported the application of macroscopic holes into the tubular walls of silk-based tNGCs and compared the various features of these improved silk^(+) tNGCs with the tubes without holes(silk^(–) tNGCs) and autologous nerve transplants in an 8-mm sciatic nerve defect in rats. Using a combination of micro-computed tomography and histological analyses, we were able to prove that the use of silk^(+) tNGCs induced the growth of blood vessels from the adjacent tissue to the intraluminal neovascular formation. A significantly higher number of blood vessels in the silk^(+) group was found compared with autologous nerve transplants and silk^(–), accompanied by improved axon regeneration at the distal coaptation point compared with the silk^(–) tNGCs at 7 weeks postoperatively. In the 15-mm(critical size) sciatic nerve defect model, we again observed a distinct ingrowth of blood vessels through the tubular walls of silk^(+) tNGCs, but without improved functional recovery at 12 weeks postoperatively. Our data proves that macroporous tNGCs increase the vascular supply of regenerating nerves and facilitate improved axonal regeneration in a short-defect model but not in a critical-size defect model. This study suggests that further optimizatio

关键词： axon regeneration blood vessel functional recovery macroporous nerve lesion peripheral nerve repair sciatic nerve silk-based nerve guidance conduit vascularization

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CD40 interacts directly with RAG1 and RAG2 in autoaggressive T cells and Fas prevents CD40-induced RAG expression

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Cellular & molecular Immunology 2013年第6期10卷 483-489页

作者： Gisela m Vaitaitis david h Wagner Jr Department of medicine and Webb-Waring Center University of Colorado Denver Aurora CO USA

CD4＋ T cells expressing CD40 （Th40 cells） constitute a pathogenic T-cell subset that is necessary and sufficient to transfer autoimmune disease. We have previously demonstrated that CD40 signals peripheral Th40 cells to induce RAG1 and RAG2 expression, proteins necessary for the expression of T-cell receptor （TCR）, leading to TCR revision. The dependency of TCR expression in the thymus on RAG proteins has long been known. however, despite numerous publications, there is controversy as to whether TCR expression can be altered in the periphery, post-thymic selective pressures. Therefore, a better understanding of TCR expression in primary peripheral cells is needed. We now show that the CD40 protein itself interacts with RAG1 and RAG2 as well as with Ku70 and translocates to the nucleus in Th40 cells. This indicates that the CD40 molecule is closely involved in the mechanism of TCR expression in the periphery. In addition, Fas signals act as a silencing mechanism for CD40-induced RAGs and prevent CD40 translocation to the nucleus. It will be important to further understand the involvement of CD40 in peripheral TCR expression and how TCR revision impacts auto-antigen recognition in order to effectively target and tolerize autoaggressive T cells in autoimmune disease.

关键词： autoimmunity CD40 Fas RAG T-cell receptor

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Competitive effect, but not competitive response, varies along a climatic gradient depending on tree species identity

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Forest Ecosystems 2024年第2期11卷 142-151页

作者： Teresa Valor Lluís Coll david I.Forrester hans Pretzsch miren del Río Kamil Bielak Bogdan Brzeziecki Franz Binder Torben hilmers Zuzana Sitková Roberto Tognetti Aitor Ameztegui Department of Agricultural and Forest Sciences and Engineering(DCEFA) University of LleidaAv.Alcalde Rovira Roure 191E25198 LleidaSpain Joint Research Unit CTFC-AGROTECNIO-CERCA Ctra.Sant LlorençKm.225280SolsonaSpain Swiss Federal Institute of Forest Snow and Landscape Research WSLZürcherstrasse 1118903BirmensdorfSwitzerland CSIRO Land and Water GPO Box 1700CanberraACT2601Australia Chair of Forest Growth and Yield Science School of Life Sciences WeihenstephanTechnical University of MunichHans-Carl-Von-Carlowitz-Platz 285354FreisingGermany Forest Research Center INIA-CSICCtra.A Coruña Km 7.528040MadridSpain IuFOR Sustainable Forest Management Research InstituteUniversity of Valladolid&INIASpain Department of Silviculture Institute of Forest SciencesWarsaw University of Life SciencesNowoursynowska 159/3402776WarsawPoland Bavarian State Institute of Forestry(LWF) Hans-Carl-von-Carlowitz-Platz 1D-85354FreisingGermany National Forest Centre Forest Research InstituteT.G.Masaryka 2296001ZvolenSlovakia Faculty of Agricultural Environmental and Food SciencesFree University of Bozen-Bolzano Piazza Università1 I-39100Bolzano

Background: Understanding the role of species identity in interactions among individuals is crucial for assessing the productivity and stability of mixed forests over time. however, there is limited knowledge concerning the variation in competitive effect and response of different species along climatic gradients. In this study, we investigated the importance of climate, tree size, and competition on the growth of three tree species: spruce(Picea abies), fir(Abies alba), and beech(Fagus sylvatica), and examined their competitive response and effect along a climatic ***: We selected 39 plots distributed across the European mountains with records of the position and growth of 5,759 individuals. For each target species, models relating tree growth to tree size, climate and competition were proposed. Competition was modelled using a neighbourhood competition index that considered the effects of inter-and intraspecific competition on target trees. Competitive responses and effects were related to *** methods and information theory were used to select the best ***: Our findings revealed that competition had a greater impact on target species growth than tree size or climate. Climate did influence the competitive effects of neighbouring species, but it did not affect the target species? response to competition. The strength of competitive effects varied along the gradient, contingent on the identity of the interacting species. When the target species exhibited an intermediate competitive effect relative to neighbouring species, both higher inter-than intraspecific competitive effects and competition reduction occurred along the gradient. Notably, species competitive effects were most pronounced when the target species' growth was at its peak and weakest when growing conditions were far from their ***: Climate modulates the effects of competition from neighbouring trees on the target tree and not the susceptibility of th

关键词： Competition coefficient Competition reduction Interspecific competition Intraspecific competition mixing effects mixed species forest Neighbourhood models Plant-plant interactions

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