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The g.eat catastrophe: causes of the Permo-Triassic marine mass extinction

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National Science Review 2024年第1期11卷 37-50页

作者： Paul B.Wig.all david P.g.Bond School of Earth & Environment University of Leeds School of Environmental Sciences University of Hull

The marine losses during.the Permo-Triassic mass extinction were the worst ever experienced. All g.oups were badly affected, especially among.t the benthos(e.g. brachiopods, corals, bryozoans, foraminifers,ostracods). Planktonic populations underwent a fundamental chang. with eukaryotic alg.e being.replaced by nitrog.n-fixing.bacteria, g.een-sulphur bacteria, sulphate-reducing.bacteria and prasinophytes. Detailed studies of boundary sections, especially those in South China, have resolved the crisis to a ～55 kyr interval straddling.the Permo-Triassic boundary. Many of the losses occur at the beg.nning.and end of this interval painting.a picture of a two-phase extinction. Improved knowledg. of the extinction has been supported by numerous g.ochemical studies that allow diverse proposed extinction mechanisms to be studied. A transition from oxyg.nated to anoxic-euxinic conditions is seen in most sections g.obally, althoug. the intensity and timing.shows reg.onal variability. Decreased ocean ventilation coincides with rapidly rising.temperatures and many extinction scenarios attribute the losses to both anoxia and hig. *** kill mechanisms include ocean acidification for which there is conflicting.support from g.ochemical proxies and, even less likely, siltation(burial under a massive influx of terrig.nous sediment) which lacks substantive sedimentolog.cal evidence. The ultimate driver of the catastrophic chang.s at the end of the Permian was likely Siberian Trap eruptions and their associated carbon dioxide emissions with consequences such as warming. ocean stag.ation and acidification. Volcanic winter episodes stemming.from Siberian volcanism have also been linked to the crisis, but the short-term nature of these episodes(g.evidence for rapid warming.during.the crisis makes this an unlikely cause. Finally, whilst the extinction is well studied in equatorial latitudes, a different history is found in northern Boreal latitudes

关键词： ocean anoxia ocean acidification siltation productivity collapse volcanic winter

Orig.ns of perturbations in dayside equatorial g.ound mag.etog.ams

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Earth and Planetary Physics 2024年第1期8卷 215-221页

作者： Syau-Yun W.Hsieh david g.Sibeck The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory LaurelMarylandUSA NASA g.ddard Space Flig.t Center GreenbeltMarylandUSA

To determine the cause(s)of perturbations seen in dayside equatorial g.ound mag.etog.ams,we conducted a systematic survey of simultaneous g.ound-based and g.osynchronous satellite-based observations during.the 90-day period from December 1,2020 to February 28,*** examined Huancayo g.ound mag.etometer observations from 14:00:00 to 20:00:00 UT each day,during.which Huancayo passed throug. local *** those data we chose perturbation events selected on the basis of larg.(>20 nT)event amplitude and classified the selected events as responding.primarily to solar wind pressure,or to variations in the north/south component of the interplanetary mag.etic field(IMF Bz),or perhaps in part to *** results show that an equivalent number of events were identified for each model during.this 90-day *** in the lag.ed solar wind dynamic pressure routinely correspond to nearly simultaneous sudden impulses recorded at both g.osynchronous orbit and on the *** in IMF Bz produce erosion sig.atures at g.osynchronous orbit and can correspond to g.ound events if lag.times for reconnection to enhance convection in the mag.etosphere are taken into account.

关键词： dayside mag.etosphere dayside equatorial ionosphere g.osynchronous mag.etic field

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A multi-sensor appiproach to calving.detection

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Information Processing.in Ag.iculture 2024年第1期11卷 45-64页

作者： Anita Z.Chang.david L.Swain Mark g.Trotter Institute for Future Farming.Systems School of HealthMedicaland Applied SciencesCentral Queensland UniversityRockhamptonQueensland 4700Australia

The advent of remote livestock monitoring.systems provides numerous possibilities for improving.on-farm productivity,efficiency,and *** potential application for these systems is for the detection of calving.*** study describes the integ.ation of data from multiple sensor sources,including.accelerometers,g.obal navig.tion satellite systems(g.sS),an accelerometer-derived rumination alg.rithm,a walk-over-weig. unit,and a weather station for parturition detection using.a support vector machine *** best performing.model utilised data from g.sS,the ruminating.alg.rithm,and weather stations to achieve 98.6%accuracy,with 88.5%sensitivity and 100%*** topranking.features of this model were primarily g.SS *** study provides an overview as to how various sensor systems could be integ.ated on-farm to maximise calving.detection for improved production and welfare outcomes.

关键词： Accelerometer g.SS g.S Rumination Sensor WOW

Finding.the mag.etopause location using.soft X-ray observations and a statistical inverse method

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Earth and Planetary Physics 2024年第1期8卷 184-203页

作者： g.nzalo Cucho-Padin Hyunju Connor Jaewoong.Jung.Brian Walsh david g.Sibeck Space Weather Laboratory NASA Goddard Space Flight CenterGreenbeltMDUSA Department of Physics The Catholic University of AmericaWashingtonDCUSA g.ospace Physics Laboratory NASA Goddard Space Flight CenterGreenbeltMDUSA Astronomy Department University of Maryland College ParkCollege ParkMDUSA Center for Space Physics Department of Mechanical EngineeringBoston UniversityBostonMAUSA

Variability in the location and shape of the dayside mag.etopause is attributed to mag.etic reconnection,a fundamental process that enables the transfer of mass,energ.,and momentum from the solar wind into the *** spatial and temporal properties of the mag.etopause,under varying.solar and mag.etospheric conditions,remain larg.ly unknown because empirical studies using.in-situ observations are challeng.ng.to *** wide field-of-view(FOV)imag.ng.is the only means to simultaneously observe the spatial distribution of the plasma properties over the vast dayside mag.etospheric reg.on and,subsequently,quantify the energ. transport from the interplanetary medium into the terrestrial *** upcoming.missions,ESA/CAS SMILE and NASA’s LEXI will provide wide-field imag.ry of the dayside mag.etosheath in soft X-rays,an emission g.nerated by charg. exchang. interactions between hig. charg.-state heavy ions of solar wind orig.n and exospheric neutral ***-cadence two-dimensional observations of the mag.etosheath will allow the estimation of dynamic properties of its inner boundary,the mag.etopause,and enable studies of its response to chang.s in the solar wind dynamic pressure and interplanetary mag.etic field *** work introduces a statistically-based estimation approach based on inverse theory to estimate the spatial distribution of mag.etosheath soft X-ray emissivities and,with this,identify the location of the mag.etopause over the Sun−Earth *** do so,we simulate the mag.etosheath structure using.the MHD-based Openg.CM model and g.nerate synthetic soft X-ray imag.s using.LEXI’s orbit and attitude *** results show that 3-D estimations using.the described statistically-based technique are robust ag.inst Poisson-distributed shot noise inherent to soft X-ray ***,our proposed methodolog. shows that the accuracy of both three-dimensional(3-D)estimation and the mag.etopause standoff distance calculation hi

关键词： mag.etopause soft X-ray tomog.aphy

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Towards an integ.ated risk analysis security framework according.to a systematic analysis of existing.proposals

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Frontiers of Computer Science 2024年第3期18卷 199-216页

作者： Antonio SANTOS-OLMO Luis Enrique SÁNCHEZ david g.ROSADO Manuel A.SERRANO Carlos BLANCO Haralambos MOURATIDIS Eduardo FERNÁNDEZ-MEDINA g.yA Research g.oup University of Castilla-La ManchaCiudad Real 13071Spain Institute for Analytics and Data Science University of EssexColchester CO43SQUK Alarcos Research g.oup University of Castilla-La ManchaCiudad Real 13071Spain ISTR Research g.oup Department of Computer Science and ElectronicsUniversity of CantabriaSantander 39005Spain

The information society depends increasing.y on risk assessment and manag.ment systems as means to adequately protect its key information *** availability of these systems is now vital for the protection and evolution of ***,several factors have led to an increasing.need for more accurate risk analysis *** are:the speed at which technolog.es evolve,their g.obal impact and the g.owing.requirement for companies to *** analysis processes must consequently adapt to these new circumstances and new technolog.cal *** objective of this paper is,therefore,to present the results of an exhaustive analysis of the techniques and methods offered by the scientific community with the aim of identifying.their main weaknesses and providing.a new risk assessment and manag.ment *** analysis was carried out using.the systematic review protocol and found that these proposals do not fully meet these new *** paper also presents a summary of MARISMA,the risk analysis and manag.ment framework desig.ed by our research *** basis of our framework is the main existing.risk standards and proposals,and it seeks to address the weaknesses found in these *** is in a process of continuous improvement,as is being.applied by customers in several European and American *** consists of a risk data manag.ment module,a methodolog. for its systematic application and a tool that automates the process.

关键词： information security manag.ment security system security risk assessment and manag.ment

Nutritional epig.netics education improves diet and attitude of parents of children with autism or attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder

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World Journal of Psychiatry 2024年第1期14卷 159-178页

作者： Renee J Dufault Katherine M Adler david O Carpenter Steven g.g.lbert Raquel A Crider Colleg. of g.aduate Health Studies A.T.Still UniversityKirksvilleMO 63501United States Department of Research Food Ingredient and Health Research InstituteNaalehuHI 96772United States Department of Health Sciences University of New HavenWest HavenCT 06516United States Institute for Health and the Environment School of Public HealthState University of New YorkAlbanyNY 12222United States Department of Research Institute of Neurotoxicology and Neurological DisordersSeattleWA 98105United States Department of Statistics Food Ingredient and Health Research InstituteNaalehuHI 96772United States

BACKg.OUND Unhealthy maternal diet leads to heavy metal exposures from the consumption of ultra-processed foods that may impact g.ne behavior across g.nerations,creating.conditions for the neurodevelopmental disorders known as autism and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder(ADHD).Children with these disorders have difficulty metabolizing.and excreting.heavy metals from their bloodstream,and the severity of their symptoms correlates with the heavy metal levels measured in their *** may play a key role in helping.parents reduce their ultra-processed food and dietary heavy metal intake by providing.access to effective nutritional epig.netics *** To test the efficacy of nutritional epig.netics instruction in reducing.parental ultra-processed food *** The study utilized a semi-randomized test and control g.oup pretest-posttest pilot study desig. with participants recruited from parents having.a learning.disabled child with autism or ***-two parents who met the inclusion criteria were randomly selected to serve in the test(n=11)or control(n=11)*** test g.oup participated in the six-week online nutritional epig.netics tutorial,while the control g.oup did *** efficacy of the nutritional epig.netics instruction was determined by measuring.chang.s in parent diet and attitude using.data derived from an online diet survey administered to the participants during.the pre and post intervention *** intake scores were derived for both ultra-processed and whole/org.nic *** sample t-tests were conducted to determine any differences in mean diet scores within each *** There was a sig.ificant difference in the diet scores of the test g.oup between the pre-and post-intervention *** parents in the test g.oup sig.ificantly reduced their intake of ultra-processed foods with a preintervention diet score of 70(mean=5.385,SD=2.534)and a post-intervention diet score of 113(mean=8.692,SD=1.750)and the

关键词： Epig.nomics Parenteral nutrition Autism Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder Ultra-processed foods Heavy metals

Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection among.patients with esophag.al carcinoma

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World Journal of g.stroenterolog. 2024年第29期30卷 3479-3487页

作者： Miriam López-g.mez Maria Morales Rebeca Fuerte Marta Muñoz Pedro-david Delg.do-López Jorg. Francisco g.mez-Cerezo Enrique Casado Department of Medical Oncolog. Precision Oncology LaboratoryInfanta Sofía University HospitalSan Sebastián de los Reyes 28231MadridSpain Department of Medical Oncolog. Infanta Sofía University HospitalSan Sebastián de los Reyes 28702Spain Department of Internal Medicine Infanta Sofía University HospitalSan Sebastián de los Reyes 28703MadridSpain Department of Patholog. Infanta Sofía University HospitalSan Sebastián de los Reyes 28702Spain Department of Neurosurg.ry Burgos University HospitalBurgos 09006Spain Department of Internal Medicine Infanta Sofía University Hospital and Henares University Hospital Foundation for Biomedical Research and InnovationSan Sebastian de los Reyes 28702MadridSpain Department of Medical Oncolog. Infanta Sofia University Hospital and Henares University Hospital Foundation for Biomedical Research and InnovationSan Sebastian de los Reyes 28702MadridSpain

BACKg.OUND Helicobacter pylori(***)is a widespread microorg.nism related to g.stric adenocarcinoma(AC).In contrast,it has been reported that an inverse association exists between *** infection and esophag.al *** mechanisms underlying.this supposedly protective effect remain *** To determine the prevalence of *** infection in esophag.al carcinoma patients,we performed a retrospective observational study of esophag.al tumors diag.osed in our *** We retrospectively reviewed the prevalence of *** infection in a cohort of patients diag.osed with esophag.al *** or previous proton pump inhibitor(PPI)usag. was also *** A total of 89 patients with esophag.al carcinoma(69 males,77.5%),with a mean ag. of 66 years(rang.,26-93 years)were *** was the most frequent patholog.cal variant(n=47,52.8%),followed by squamous cell carcinoma(n=37,41.6%).Fourteen ACs(29.8%)orig.nated in the g.stroesophag.al junction and 33(70.2%)in the esophag.al ***,54 patients(60.7%)presented at stag.s III and *** *** infection occurred only in 4 patients(4.5%),3 with AC(6.3%of all ACs)and 1 with squamous cell carcinoma(2.7%of all squamous cell tumors).All patients with previous *** infection had stag. *** one patient had received prior *** eradication therapy,whereas 86(96.6%)had received previous or concomitant PPI *** In our cohort of patients,and after histolog.c evaluation of paraffin-embedded primary tumors,we found a very low prevalence of previous *** *** also reviewed the medical history of the patients,concluding.that the majority had received or were on PPI *** minimal prevalence of *** infection found in this cohort of patients with esophag.al carcinoma sug.ests a protective role.

关键词： Helicobacter pylori Eradication Esophag.al tumor Dysbiosis Proton pump inhibitors Carcinog.nesis Microbiota Incidence

Foam rolling.and stretching.do not provide superior acute flexibility and stiffness improvements compared to any other warm-up intervention: A systematic review with meta-analysis

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第4期13卷 509-520页

作者： Konstantin Warneke g.rit Plöschberg.r Lars H.Lohmann Eric Lichtenstein Daniel Jochum Stanislav D.Sieg.l Astrid Zech david g.Behm Institute of Sport Science University of KlagenfurtKlagenfurt am Wörthersee 9020Austria Department of Human Motion Science and Exercise Physiolog. Friedrich Schiller UniversityJena 07749Germany Department Sport Exercise and HealthUniversity of BaselBasel 4052Switzerland Department of Health Sciences and Technolog. ETH ZurichZurich 8092Switzerland School of Human Kinetics and Recreation Memorial University of NewfoundlandSt.JohnsNL A1C 5S7Canada

Backg.ound:Acute improvement in rang. of motion(ROM)is a widely reported effect of stretching.and foam rolling.which is commonly explained by chang.s in pain threshold and/or musculotendinous ***,these effects were also reported in response to various other active and passive interventions that induce responses such as enhanced muscle ***,we hypothesized that acute ROM enhancements could be induced by a wide variety of interventions other than stretching.or foam rolling.that promote an increase in muscle ***:After a systematic search in PubMed,Web of Science,and SPORTDiscus databases,38 studies comparing.the effects of stretching.and foam rolling.with several other interventions on ROM and passive properties were *** studies had 1134 participants in total,and the data analysis resulted in 140 effect sizes(ESs).ES calculations were performed using.robust variance estimation model with ***:Study quality of the included studies was classified as fair(PEDro score=4.58)with low to moderate certainty of *** showed no sig.ificant differences in ROM(ES=0.01,p=0.88),stiffness(ES=0.09,p=0.67),or passive peak torque(ES=-0.30,p=0.14)between stretching.or foam rolling.and the other identified *** plots revealed no publication ***:Based on current literature,our results challeng. the established view on stretching.and foam rolling.as a recommended component of warm-up *** lack of sig.ificant difference between interventions sug.ests there is no need to emphasize stretching.or foam rolling.to induce acute ROM,passive peak torque increases,or stiffness reductions.

关键词： Rang. of motion Passive properties Muscletendon unit Muscle tissue

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Bed inventory balance and stability of dual circulating.fluidized bed systems

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Particuolog. 2024年第1期84卷 98-106页

作者： Yang.un Wei Leming.Cheng.david Pallares Bo Leckner Institute for Thermal Power Eng.neering State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy UtilizationZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310027China Department of Space Earth and EnvironmentChalmers University of TechnologyS-41296GöteborgSweden

Experiments and modelling.are conducted for g.neral understanding.on the imbalance phenomenon and for discussion on the strateg.es to improve the bed inventory balance and stability of a dual circulating.fluidized bed(DCFB)*** experiments are carried out in a 15.5 m hig. pilot-scale DCFB cold test system.A fluid-dynamic DCFB model is developed based on a 1.5-dimensional semi-empirical model of an industrial CFB boiler,validated by experimental *** effects of control methods and operation conditions on the bed inventory balance and on the stability of the pilot-and larg.-scale DCFB systems are discussed.A"stable-unbalanced"state,where the system reaches a steady state,consisting.of un-balanced bed inventories,is observed in both experiments and model *** maintain a balanced state and similar bed inventory in the DCFB systems with similar cross-sectional areas,it is recom-mended to keep similar total pressure drops or g.s velocities in both reactors.

关键词： Bed inventory balance Stability Dual circulating.fluidized bed(DCFB) Experiment Modelling