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Soil fungal and prokaryotic community structure exhibits differential short-term responses to timber harvest in the Pacific Northwest

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Pedosphere 2020年第1期30卷 109-125页

作者： Rachel E.dANIELSON Megan L.MCGINNIS Scott M.HOLUB david d.myrold department of Crop and Soil Science Oregon State UniversityCorvallis OR 97331-7306(USA) United State Forest Service Helena-Lewis and Clark National Forest2880 Skyway DriveHelena MT 59602(USA) Weyerhaeuser Company PO Box 275Springfield OR 97477(USA) department of Land Airand Water ResourcesUniversity of CaliforniaDavis CA 95616USA

Conventional clear-cut timber harvest is a widespread industrial practice across the Pacific Northwest;however,information regarding how these practices impact soil microbial community structure at the regional scale is *** evidence of consistent and substantial impact of harvest on soil microbial functional profiles across the region(despite a range of environmental conditions),the objective of this study was to determine the extent to which harvest also influences the structure of prokaryotic and fungal soil microbial communities,and how generalized these trends are throughout the geographic *** soil samples were collected one year before and after harvest across nine second-growth douglas-fir forests in the Pacific *** community dNA was extracted from the soils,and high-throughput targeted gene sequencing of the 16 S r RNA gene for prokaryotes and the internal transcribed spacer(ITS)gene for fungi was *** diversity was consistently and significantly higher after harvest;it was moderately so for fungal communities(+14.6%),but only marginally so for prokaryotic communities(+2.0%).Similarly,on average,a greater proportion of the variation in the community structure of fungi(20.1%)at each site was associated with forest harvest compared to that of prokaryotes(13.2%).Overall,the greatest influence of timber harvest on soil microbial communities appeared to be a relative depletion of ectomycorrhizal fungi,with a concomitant enrichment of saprotrophic *** the short-term responses of soil microbial communities across the region,particularly those of tree root-associated symbionts,may aid our understanding of the role soil microbial communities play in ecological succession.

关键词： clear-cut douglas-fir forest ectomycorrhizal fungi forest soil microbial community microbial diversity root-associated symbiont saprotrophic fungi

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Soil biodiversity in a rapidly changing world

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Pedosphere 2020年第1期30卷 1-4页

作者： Zhongjun JIA david d.myrold Ralf CONRAd State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture Institute of Soil ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210008(China) department of Crop and Soil Science Oregon State UniversityCorvallis OR 97331(USA) Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology Karl-von-Frisch-Str.1035043 Marburg(Germany)

Microbes are simple single-cell organisms,but have an enormous practical significance for human *** microbes make our planet habitable,and the planet's rapidly changing environments in turn have a profound impact on the soil microbial communities,both positively and *** is thus crucial to better understand how abiotic and biotic factors interact to assemble microbiomes under the given environmental conditions,and how they modulate the intrinsic link between microbial diversity and ecosystem *** a functional viewpoint.

关键词： soil planet environments

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Evidence for niche differentiation of nitrifying communities in grassland soils after 44 years of different field fertilization scenarios

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Pedosphere 2020年第1期30卷 87-97页

作者： Zhongjun JIA Xue ZHOU Weiwei XIA dario FORNARA Baozhan WANG Elizabeth Anne WASSON Peter CHRISTIE Martin F.POLZ david d.myrold State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture Institute of Soil ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210008(China) State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering Hohai UniversityNanjing 210098(China) Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Agricultural Meteorology College of Applied MeteorologyNanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing 210044(China Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute Belfast BT95PX(UK) department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridge MA 02139(USA) department of Crop and Soil Science Oregon State UniversityCorvallis OR 97331(USA)

Long-term nitrogen(N)fertilization imposes strong selection on nitrifying communities in agricultural soil,but how a progressively changing niche affects potentially active nitrifiers in the field remains poorly *** a 44-year grassland fertilization experiment,we investigated community shifts of active nitrifiers by dNA-based stable isotope probing(SIP)of field soils that received no fertilization(CK),high levels of organic cattle manure(HC),and chemical N fertilization(CF).Incubation of dNA-SIP microcosms showed significant nitrification activities in CF and HC soils,whereas no activity occurred in CK *** 44 years of inorganic N fertilization selected only 13C-ammonia-oxidizing bacteria(AOB),whereas cattle slurry applications created a niche in which both ammonia-oxidizing archaea(AOA)and AOB could be *** analysis indicated that Nitrosospira sp.62-like AOB dominated inorganically fertilized CF soils,while Nitrosospira sp.41-like AOB were abundant in organically fertilized HC *** 13C-AOA in HC soils were affiliated with the 29i4 *** 13C-nitrite-oxidizing bacteria(NOB)were dominated by both Nitrospira-and Nitrobacter-like communities in CF soils,and the latter was overwhelmingly abundant in HC *** 13C-labeled nitrifying communities in SIP microcosms of CF and HC soils were largely similar to those predominant under field *** results provide direct evidence for a strong selection of distinctly active nitrifiers after 44 years of different fertilization regimes in the *** findings imply that niche differentiation of nitrifying communities could be assessed as a net result of microbial adaption over 44 years to inorganic and organic N fertilization in the field,where distinct nitrifiers have been shaped by intensified anthropogenic N input.

关键词： ammonia-oxidizing archaea ammonia-oxidizing bacteria community shift long-term fertilization nitrite-oxidizing bacteria nitrogen enrichment stable isotope probing microcosm

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Breaking paradigms: Long non-coding RNAs forming gene fusions with potential implications in cancer

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Genes & diseases 2024年第3期11卷 311-323页

作者： david Sanchez-Marin Macrina Beatriz Silva-Cazares Fany Iris Porras-Reyes Rebeca Garcia-Roman Alma d.Campos-Parra Posgrado en Ciencias Biologicas Facultad de MedicinaUniversidad Nacional Autonoma de MexicoCiudad de MexicoC.P.04360Mexico Unidad Academica Multidisciplinaria Region Altiplano Universidad Autonoma de San Luis Potost(UASLP)Carretera a Cedral Km 5+600Ejido San Jose de la TrojesMatehualaSan Luis PotosiC.P.78760Mexico Servicio de Anatomia Patologica Instituto Nacional de Cancerologia(INCan)Nino JesuisTlalpanCiudaddeMexicoC.P.14080Mexico Instituto de Salud Publica Universidad Veracruzana(UV)Av.Dr LuisDr.Castelazo Ayala s/nCol.Industrial AnimasXalapaVeracruzC.P.91190Mexico

Long non-coding RNAs(lncRNAs)are non-coding RNAs longer than 200 nucleotides with dynamic regulatory *** interact with a wide range of molecules such as dNA,RNA,and proteins to modulate diverse cellular functions through several mechanisms and,if deregulated,they can lead to cancer development and ***,it has been described that IncRNAs are susceptible to form gene fusions with mRNAs or other IncRNAs,breaking the paradigm of gene fusions consisting mainly of protein-coding ***,their biological significance in the tumor phenotype is still ***,their recent identification opens a new line of research to study their biological role in tumor-igenesis,and their potential as biomarkers with clinical relevance or as therapeutic *** present study aimed to review the IncRNA fusions identified so far and to know which of them have been associated with a potential *** address the current challenges to deepen their study as well as the reasons why they represent a future therapeutic window incancer.

关键词： Cancer Genefusions IncRNAs ncRNAs Therapy

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Foam rolling and stretching do not provide superior acute flexibility and stiffness improvements compared to any other warm-up intervention: A systematic review with meta-analysis

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第4期13卷 509-520页

作者： Konstantin Warneke Gerit Plöschberger Lars H.Lohmann Eric Lichtenstein daniel Jochum Stanislav d.Siegel Astrid Zech david G.Behm Institute of Sport Science University of KlagenfurtKlagenfurt am Wörthersee 9020Austria department of Human Motion Science and Exercise Physiology Friedrich Schiller UniversityJena 07749Germany department Sport Exercise and HealthUniversity of BaselBasel 4052Switzerland department of Health Sciences and Technology ETH ZurichZurich 8092Switzerland School of Human Kinetics and Recreation Memorial University of NewfoundlandSt.JohnsNL A1C 5S7Canada

Background:Acute improvement in range of motion(ROM)is a widely reported effect of stretching and foam rolling,which is commonly explained by changes in pain threshold and/or musculotendinous ***,these effects were also reported in response to various other active and passive interventions that induce responses such as enhanced muscle ***,we hypothesized that acute ROM enhancements could be induced by a wide variety of interventions other than stretching or foam rolling that promote an increase in muscle ***:After a systematic search in PubMed,Web of Science,and SPORTdiscus databases,38 studies comparing the effects of stretching and foam rolling with several other interventions on ROM and passive properties were *** studies had 1134 participants in total,and the data analysis resulted in 140 effect sizes(ESs).ES calculations were performed using robust variance estimation model with ***:Study quality of the included studies was classified as fair(PEdro score=4.58)with low to moderate certainty of *** showed no significant differences in ROM(ES=0.01,p=0.88),stiffness(ES=0.09,p=0.67),or passive peak torque(ES=-0.30,p=0.14)between stretching or foam rolling and the other identified *** plots revealed no publication ***:Based on current literature,our results challenge the established view on stretching and foam rolling as a recommended component of warm-up *** lack of significant difference between interventions suggests there is no need to emphasize stretching or foam rolling to induce acute ROM,passive peak torque increases,or stiffness reductions.

关键词： Range of motion Passive properties Muscletendon unit Muscle tissue

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Association between baseline levels of muscular strength and risk of stroke in later life:The Cooper Center Longitudinal Study

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第5期13卷 642-649页

作者： Stephen W.Farrell david Leonard Qing Li Carolyn E.Barlow Kerem Shuval Jarett d.Berry Andjelka Pavlovic Laura F.deFina Research division The Cooper InstituteDallasTX 75230USA department of Internal Medicine University of Texas at Tyler School of MedicineTylerTX 75799USA

Background:Muscular strength is an important component of physical *** evaluated the relationship between baseline muscular strength and risk of stroke among adults who were aged≥65 years during ***:We included 7627 healthy adults(mean age=43.9 years,86.0%male)underwent a baseline physical examination between 1980 and *** strength was determined by 1-repetition maximum measures for bench press and leg press and categorized into age-and sex-specific tertiles for each *** fitness(CRF)was assessed via a maximal treadmill exercise *** enrolled in fee-for-service Medicare from 1999 to 2019 were included in the *** between baseline strength and stroke outcomes were estimated using a modified Cox proportional hazards *** a secondary analysis,we examined stroke risk by categories of CRF where Quintile 1=low,Quintiles 2-3=moderate,and Quintiles 4-5=high CRF based on age and ***:After 70,072 person-years of Medicare follow-up,there were 1211 earliest indications of incident *** multivariable analyses,the hazard ratio(95%confidence interval(95%CI))for stroke across bench press categories were 1.0(referent),0.96(0.83-1.11),and 0.89(0.77-1.04),respectively(p trend=0.14).The trend across categories of leg press was also non-significant(p trend=0.79).Adjusted hazard ratio(95%CI)for stroke across ordered CRF categories were 1.0(referent),0.90(0.71-1.13),and 0.72(0.57-0.92)(p trenddelines for muscular strengthening activities is likely to improve muscular strength as well as many health outcomes in older adults,performing such activities may not be helpful in preventing ***,meeting guidelines for aerobic activity is likely to improve CRF and lower stroke risk.

关键词： Cardiorespiratory fitness Medicare Muscular strength Stroke

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A brief history of the Compendium of Physical Activities

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第1期13卷 3-5页

作者： Barbara E.Ainsworth Stephen d.Herrmann david R.Jacobs Jr. Melicia C.Whitt-Glover Catrine Tudor-Locke School of Exercise and Health Shanghai University of SportShanghai 200438China College of Health Solutions Arizona State UniversityPhoenixAZ 85003USA Kansas Center for Metabolism and Obesity Research University of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityKS 66160USA division of Epidemiology and Community Health University of MinnesotaMinneapolisMN 55455USA Gramercy Research Group KnightdaleNC 27545USA College of Health and Human Services University of North Carolina at CharlotteCharlotteNC 28223USA

The Compendium of Physical Activities(Compendium)was developed to address consistent assignment of physical activity(PA)intensity values used in PA epidemiology research of the association between PA and health outcomes.1The known protective effects of PA on incident health outcomes traces to the mid-1900s,with over 50 studies examining coronary heart disease(CHd)as the outcome of interest.

关键词： epidemiology Activities protective

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Simplified prediction models for acoustic installation effects of train-mounted equipment

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Railway Engineering Science 2024年第2期32卷 125-143页

作者： david Thompson dong Zhao Giacomo Squicciarini Institute of Sound and Vibration Research University of SouthamptonSouthampton SO171BJUK

Acoustic models of railway vehicles in standstill and pass-by conditions can be used as part of a virtual certification process for new *** each piece of auxiliary equipment,the sound power measured on a test bench is combined with meas-ured or predicted transfer *** is important,however,to allow for installation effects due to shielding by fairings or the train *** the current work,fast-running analytical models are developed to determine these installation *** model for roof-mounted sources takes account of diffraction at the corner of the train body or fairing,using a barrier *** equipment mounted under the train,the acoustic propagation from the sides of the source is based on free-field Green’s *** bottom surfaces are assumed to radiate initially into a cavity under the train,which is modelled with a simple diffuse field *** sound emitted from the gaps at the side of the cavity is then assumed to propagate to the receivers according to free-field Green’s *** show good agreement with a 2.5d boundary element model and with *** uncertainty and parametric uncertainty are *** largest variability occurs due to the height and impedance of the ground,especially for a low *** leads to standard deviations of up to 4 dB at low *** the roof-mounted sources,uncertainty over the location of the corner used in the equivalent barrier model can also lead to large standard deviations.

关键词： Train noise Auxiliary equipment Acoustic installation effects Virtual certification Uncertainty

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LPA_(1) antagonist-derived LNPs deliver A20 mRNA and promote anti-fibrotic activities

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Nano Research 2024年第10期17卷 9095-9102页

作者： Jingyue Yan diana d.Kang Chang Wang Xucheng Hou Shi du Siyu Wang Yonger Xue Zhengwei Liu Haoyuan Li Yichen Zhong Binbin deng david W.McComb Yizhou dong division of Pharmaceutics&Pharmacology College of PharmacyThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOH 43210USA Icahn Genomics Institute Precision Immunology InstituteDepartment of Immunology and ImmunotherapyDepartment of Oncological SciencesTisch Cancer InstituteBiomedical Engineering and Imaging InstituteFriedman Brain InstituteIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNY 10029USA Center for Electron Microscopy and Analysis The Ohio State UniversityColumbusOH 43212USA department of Materials Science and Engineering The Ohio State UniversityColumbusOH 43210USA

Activated fibroblasts are major mediators of pulmonary *** are generally found in the connective tissue but upon activation can generate excess extracellular matrix(ECM)in the lung interstitial ***,fibroblasts are one of the most targeted cells for treating idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis(IPF).Here,we develop an anti-fibrotic platform that can modulate both the lysophosphatidic acid receptor 1(LPA_(1))and the inflammatory pathway through tumor necrosis factorα-induced protein 3(TNFAIP3,also known as A20)in ***,we synthesized a series of LPA_(1) antagonists,AM095 and AM966,derived amino lipids(LA lipids)which were formulated into LA-lipid nanoparticles(LA-LNPs)encapsulating ***,LA5-LNPs,with AM966 head group and biodegradable acetal lipid tails,showed efficient A20 mRNA delivery to lung fibroblasts in vitro(80.2%±1.5%)and ex vivo(17.2%±0.4%).When treated to primary mouse lung fibroblasts(MLF),this formulation inhibited fibroblast migration and collagen production,thereby slowing the progression of ***,LA5-LNPs encapsulated with A20 mRNA is a novel platform offering a potential approach to regulate fibroblast activation for the treatment of IPF.

关键词： lysophosphatidic acid receptor 1(LPA_(1))antagonist tumor necrosis factorα-induced protein 3(A20) lung fibrosis lipid nanoparticles mRNA

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Estradiol increases cortical and trabecular bone accrual and bone strength in an adolescent male-to-female mouse model of gender-affirming hormone therapy

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Bone Research 2024年第1期12卷 95-106页

作者： Tian Nie Varun S.Venkatesh Suzanne Golub Kathryn S.Stok Haniyeh Hemmatian Reena desai david J.Handelsman Jeffrey d.Zajac Mathis Grossmann Rachel A.davey department of Medicine Austin HealthUniversity of MelbourneHeidelbergVIC 3084Australia department of Biomedical Engineering University of MelbourneParkvilleVIC 3010Australia ANZAC Research Institute University of Sydney and AndrologyConcord Repatriation General HospitalConcordNSW 2137Australia

The effects of gender-affirming hormone therapy on the skeletal integrity and fracture risk in transitioning adolescent trans girls are *** address this knowledge gap,we developed a mouse model to simulate male-to-female transition in human adolescents in whom puberty is first arrested by using gonadotrophin-releasing hormone analogs with subsequent estradiol *** was suppressed by orchidectomy in male mice at 5 weeks of *** 3 weeks post-surgery,male-to-female mice were treated with a high dose of estradiol(~0.85 mg)by intraperitoneal silastic implantation for 12 *** included intact and orchidectomized males at 3 weeks post-surgery,vehicle-treated intact males,intact females and orchidectomized males at 12 weeks *** to male controls,orchidectomized males exhibited decreased peak bone mass accrual and a decreased maximal force the bone could withstand prior to *** treatment in orchidectomized male-to-female mice compared to mice in all control groups was associated with an increased cortical thickness in the mid-diaphysis,while the periosteal circumference increased to a level that was intermediate between intact male and female controls,resulting in increased maximal force and *** trabecular bone,estradiol treatment increased newly formed trabeculae arising from the growth plate as well as mineralizing surface/bone surface and bone formation rate,consistent with the anabolic action of estradiol on osteoblast *** data support the concept that skeletal integrity can be preserved and that long-term fractures may be prevented in trans girls treated with GnRHa and a sufficiently high dose of *** study is needed to identify an optimal dose of estradiol that protects the bone without adverse side effects.

关键词： treatment treatment strength

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