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Balancing machine learning and artificial intelligence in soil science with human perspective and experience

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Pedosphere 2024年第1期34卷 9-12页

作者： david c.WEINDOrF Somsubhra cHAKrABOrTY Department of Earth and Atmospheric Science Central Michigan Universityount Pleasant M148859USA Agricultural and Food Engineering Department Indian Institute of TechnologyKharagpur 721302India

Machine learning and artificial intelligence continue to evolve at a rapid pace, with many potential applications related to soil science. Even so, human experience and perception play an invaluable role in characterizing soil properties, especially qualitative properties that may elude sensing/computer-based modeling approaches. The elegant solution to this conundrum relies on the synthesis of computer-aided predictive modeling with human insight and *** global population surpasses 8 billion, the importance of optimized agronomic production to feed a hungry world has never been more important.

关键词： soil elude qualitative

Artificial intelligence analysis of videos to augment clinical assessment:an overview

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Neural regeneration research 2024年第4期19卷 717-718页

作者： david c.Wong Stefan Williams University of Leeds Leeds Teaching Hospitals Trust LeedsUK

Observation is a fundamental part of the practice of clinical *** of movement is particularly important for the *** such as Parkinson’s disease,multiple sclerosis,stroke,epilepsy,and many others affect a person’s movement in characteristic *** some conditions,changes in the patient’s voice can be included in this-changes in sound caused by changes in the movements of *** clinician’s detection of a characteristic abnormality,and their judgment of its severity,plays a central role in both diagnosis and the assessment of prognosis or response to ***,that practice depends upon a limited resource of experienced *** addition,these experts are limited by human visual judgment,which cannot reliably or precisely detect and measure small or subtle changes in movement(Williams et al.,2023).

关键词： clinical epilepsy diagnosis

Single-atom Pt on carbon nanotubes for selective electrocatalysis

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carbon Energy 2024年第1期6卷 63-71页

作者： Samuel S.Hardisty Xiaoqian Lin Anthony r.J.Kucernak david Zitoun Department of chemistry Bar Ilan Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials(BINA)Bar Ilan UniversityRamat GanIsrael Department of chemistry Molecular Science Research HubImperial College LondonLondonUK

Utilizing supported single atoms as catalysts presents an opportunity to reduce the usage of critical raw materials such as platinum,which are essential for electrochemical reactions such as hydrogen oxidation reaction(HOr).Herein,we describe the synthesis of a Pt single electrocatalyst inside single-walled carbon nanotubes(SWcNTs)via a redox *** via electron microscopy,X-ray photoelectron microscopy,and X-ray absorption spectroscopy show the single-atom nature of the *** electrochemical behavior of the sample to hydrogen and oxygen was investigated using the advanced floating electrode technique,which minimizes mass transport limitations and gives a thorough insight into the activity of the *** single-atom samples showed higher HOr activity than state-of-the-art 30%Pt/c while almost no oxygen reduction reaction activity in the proton exchange membrane fuel cell operating *** selective activity toward HOr arose as the main fingerprint of the catalyst confinement in the SWcNTs.

关键词： confinement electrocatalysis hydrogen platinum single atom catalysts

Macroalgal deep genomics illuminate multiple paths to aquatic,photosynthetic multicellularity

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Molecular Plant 2024年第5期17卷 747-771页

作者： david r.Nelson Alexandra Mystikou Ashish Jaiswal cecilia rad-Menendez Michael J.Preston Frederik De Boever Diana c.El Assal Sarah Daakour Michael W.Lomas Jean-claude Twizere david H.Green William c.ratcliff Kourosh Salehi-Ashtiani Division of Science and Math New York University Abu DhabiAbu DhabiUAE center for Genomics and Systems Biology(cGSB) New York University Abu DhabiAbu DhabiUAE Biotechnology research center Technology Innovation InstitutePO Box 9639Masdar CityAbu DhabiUAE culture collection of Algae and Protozoa Scottish Association for Marine ScienceObanScotlandUK National center for Marine Algae and Microbiota Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean SciencesEast BoothbayMEUSA Laboratory of Viral Interactomes GIGA InstituteUniversity of LiegeLiegeBelgium School of Biological Sciences Georgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGAUSA

Macroalgae are multicellular,aquatic autotrophs that play vital roles in global climate maintenance and have diverse applications in biotechnology and eco-engineering,which are directly linked to their multicellularity ***,their genomic diversity and the evolutionary mechanisms underlying multicellularity in these organisms remain *** this study,we sequenced 110 macroalgal genomes from diverse climates and phyla,and identified key genomic features that distinguish them from their microalgal *** for cell adhesion,extracellular matrix formation,cell polarity,transport,and cell differentiation distinguish macroalgae from microalgae across all three major phyla,constituting conserved and unique gene sets supporting multicellular *** genes show phylum-and climate-specific expansions that may facilitate niche ***,our study reveals genetic determinants of convergent and divergent evolutionary trajectories that have shaped morphological diversity in macroalgae and provides genome-wide frameworks to understand photosynthetic multicellular evolution in aquatic environments.

关键词： macroalgae multicellularity comparative genomics evolution adhesome endogenous viral elements

Liver abnormalities following SArS-coV 2 infection in children 1 to 10 years of age

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Family Medicine and community Health 2024年第1期12卷 28-35页

作者： Pauline Terebuh Veronica r Olaker Ellen K Kendall david c kaelb.r rong Xu Pamela B Davis center for Artificial Intelligence in Drug Discovery Case Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOHUSA The center for clinical Informatics research and Education The MetroHealth SystemClevelandOHUSA Department of Medicine PediatricsDepartment of Population and Quantitative Health SciencesCase Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOHUSA center for community Health Integration Case Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOHUSA

Objective Beginning in October 2021 in the USA and elsewhere,cases of severe paediatric hepatitis of unknown aetiology were identified in young *** the adenovirus and adenovirus-associated virus have emerged as leading aetiological suspects,we attempted to investigate a potential role for SArS-coV 2 in the development of subsequent liver *** We conducted a study using retrospective cohorts of deidentified,aggregated data from the electronic health records of over 100 million patients contributed by US healthcare *** compared with propensity score matched children with other respiratory infections,children aged 1-10 years with cOVID-19 had a higher risk of elevated transaminases(Hr(95%cI)2.16(1.74 to 2.69))or total bilirubin(Hr(95%cI)3.02(1.91 to 4.78)),or new diagnoses of liver diseases(Hr(95%cI)1.67(1.21 to 2.30))from 1 to 6 months after *** with pre-existing liver abnormalities,liver abnormalities surrounding acute infection,younger age(1-4 years)or illness requiring hospitalisation all had similarly elevated *** who developed liver abnormalities following cOVID-19 had more pre-existing conditions than those who developed abnormalities following other *** These results indicate that SArS-coV 2 may prime the patient for subsequent development of liver infections or non-infectious liver *** rare(~1 in 1000),SArS-coV 2 is a risk for subsequent abnormalities in liver function or the diagnosis of diseases of the liver.

关键词： elevated diagnosis subsequent

A brief history of the compendium of Physical Activities

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第1期13卷 3-5页

作者： Barbara E.Ainsworth Stephen D.Herrmann david r.Jacobs Jr. Melicia c.Whitt-Glover catrine Tudor-Locke School of Exercise and Health Shanghai University of SportShanghai 200438China college of Health Solutions Arizona State UniversityPhoenixAZ 85003USA Kansas center for Metabolism and Obesity research University of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityKS 66160USA Division of Epidemiology and community Health University of MinnesotaMinneapolisMN 55455USA Gramercy research Group KnightdaleNC 27545USA college of Health and Human Services University of North Carolina at CharlotteCharlotteNC 28223USA

The compendium of Physical Activities(compendium)was developed to address consistent assignment of physical activity(PA)intensity values used in PA epidemiology research of the association between PA and health outcomes.1The known protective effects of PA on incident health outcomes traces to the mid-1900s,with over 50 studies examining coronary heart disease(cHD)as the outcome of interest.

关键词： epidemiology Activities protective

mrNA vaccines:a new era in vaccine development

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Oncology research 2024年第10期32卷 1543-1564页

作者： SHUBHrA cHANDrA JENNIFEr c.WILSON david GOOD MING Q.WEI School of Pharmacy&Medical Sciences Gold Coast campusGriffith UniversityBrisbaneQLD-4222Australia Menzies Health Institute Queensland(MHIQ) Gold Coast CampusGriffith UniversityBrisbaneQLD-4215Australia School of Allied Health Australian Catholic UniversityBrisbaneQLD-4014Australia

The advent of rNA therapy,particularly through the development of mrNA cancer vaccines,has ushered in a new era in the field of *** article provides a concise overview of the key principles,recent advancements,and potential implications of mrNA cancer vaccines as a groundbreaking modality in cancer *** cancer vaccines represent a revolutionary approach to combatting cancer by leveraging the body’s innate immune *** vaccines are designed to deliver specific mrNA sequences encoding cancer-associated antigens,prompting the immune system to recognize and mount a targeted response against malignant *** personalized and adaptive nature of mrNA vaccines holds immense potential for addressing the heterogeneity of cancer and tailoring treatments to individual *** breakthroughs in the development of mrNA vaccines,exemplified by the success of cOVID-19 vaccines,have accelerated their application in *** mrNA platform’s versatility allows for the rapid adaptation of vaccine candidates to various cancer types,presenting an agile and promising avenue for therapeutic *** trials of mrNA cancer vaccines have demonstrated encouraging results in terms of safety,immunogenicity,and *** candidates,such as BioNTech’s BNT111 and Moderna’s mrNA-4157,have exhibited promising outcomes in targeting melanoma and solid tumors,*** successes underscore the potential of mrNA vaccines to elicit robust and durable anti-cancer immune *** the field holds great promise,challenges such as manufacturing complexities and cost considerations need to be addressed for widespread *** development of scalable and cost-effective manufacturing processes,along with ongoing clinical research,will be pivotal in realizing the full potential of mrNA cancer ***,mrNA cancer vaccines represent a cutting-edge therapeutic approach that holds the promise of transforming cancer treatment.

关键词： cancer immunotherapy Immune checkpoint Preventive&therapeutic vaccine Delivery system mrNA

Airway management of a patient with linear immunoglobulin A bullous dermatosis:A case report

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World Journal of clinical cases 2024年第13期12卷 2263-2268页

作者： Olga c Nin robert Hutnik Neil N chheda david Hutchinson Department of Anesthesiology University of Florida College of MedicineGainesvilleFL 32610United States Department of Otolaryngology University of Florida College of MedicineGainesvilleFL 32610United States

BAcKGrOUND There is limited literature on managing the airway of patients with linear immunoglobulin A(IgA)bullous dermatosis,a rare mucocutaneous disorder that leads to the development of friable *** clinical decision making is necessary when there is a risk of bleeding into the airway,and a multidisciplinary team approach may lead to decreased patient morbidity during these high-risk scenarios,especially when confronted with an unusual cause for *** SUMMArY A 45-year-old African American female presented to our ambulatory surgical center for right corneal transplantation due to corneal perforation after blunt trauma in the setting of cicatricial conjunctivitis and diffuse corneal neovascularization from linear IgA bullous *** diagnosis of IgA dermatosis was recent,and the patient had been lost to *** severity of the disease and extent of airway involvement was unknown at the time of the *** airway bleeding was noticed upon intubation and the otorhinolaryngology team had to be called to the operating *** patient required transfer to the intensive care unit where a multidisciplinary team was involved in her *** patient was extubated on postoperative day *** A multidisciplinary approach to treating this disease is the best course of action before a surgical *** our case,key communication between the surgery,anesthesia,and dermatology teams led to the quick and safe treatment of our patient’s *** surgery should not be considered for these cases unless they are in full remission and there is no mucous membrane involvement.

关键词： Airway management Bleeding risk Linear immunoglobulin A bullous dermatosis Multidisciplinary approach Outpatient procedure case report

Hepatitis B virus genotypes in precision medicine of hepatitis Brelated hepatocellular carcinoma:Where we are now

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2024年第4期16卷 1097-1103页

作者： caecilia H c Sukowati Sri Jayanti Turyadi Turyadi david H Muljono claudio Tiribelli Eijkman research center for Molecular Biology Research Organization for HealthNational Research and Innovation Agency of IndonesiaJakarta 10340Indonesia Liver cancer Unit Fondazione Italiana Fegato ONLUSTrieste 34149Italy Faculty of Medicine Hasanuddin UniversityMakassar 90245South SulawesiIndonesia Faculty of Medicine and Health University of SydneySydney 2050Australia

Hepatitis B virus(HBV)infection is a major player in chronic hepatitis B that may lead to the development of hepatocellular carcinoma(Hcc).HBV genetics are diverse where it is classified into at least 9 genotypes(A to I)and 1 putative genotype(J),each with specific geographical distribution and possible different clinical outcomes in the *** diversity may be associated with the precision medicine for HBV-related Hcc and the success of therapeutical approaches against Hcc,related to different pathogenicity of the virus and host *** Editorial discusses recent updates on whether the classification of HBV genetic diversity is still valid in terms of viral oncogenicity to the Hcc and its precision medicine,in addition to the recent advances in cellular and molecular biology technologies.

关键词： Hepatitis B virus Hepatocellular carcinoma Genotypes Pathogenesis Precision medicine