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Potential Impact of Space Environments on Developmental and Maturational Programs Which Evolved to Meet the Boundary Conditions of Earth: Will Maturing Humans Be Able to Establish a Functional Biologic System Set Point under Non-Earth Conditions?

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Journal of Biomedical Science and Engineering 2019年第12期12卷 500-513页

作者： david a.hart Faculty of Kinesiology CalgaryCanada McCaig Institute for Bone&Joint Health CalgaryCanada Department of Surgery University of CalgaryCalgaryCanada Alberta Health Services Bone&Joint Health Strategic Clinical NetworkEdmontonCanada

Mammalian development and maturation, particularly processes for humans have evolved in the context of the boundary conditions of Earth (i.e. 1 g gravity, geomagnetic field, background radiation) to yield functional individuals, although the process is not perfect and “errors” do occur. With the advent of spaceflight to low Earth orbit (the International Space Station), humans are now exposed to microgravity and increased exposure to radiation. However, thus far, only adult humans have served as astronauts, but this will likely change with plans to explore deep space and colonize planets. Thus, conception, fetal development, post-birth maturation, puberty and skeletal maturity will occur in the context of boundary conditions that did not shape human evolution and influence physiological and biomechanical systems designed to function within the Earth’s boundary conditions. Thus, processes utilizing the 1 g environment (i.e. walking upright) and the geomagnetic field (i.e. the electrical/biomagnetic basis of neural interactions) will have to adapt to new boundary conditions, providing opportunity for additional errors or alterations in processing during development which could impact functional outcomes at multiple levels. This review/perspective will discuss some of these issues and attempt to provide direction for addressing the potential issues to be encountered.

关键词： Development Maturation Humans Microgravity Geomagnetic Influences Space Environments

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Would Adding Low Doses of Lithium Salts and/or Prebiotic Fibre Interventions to an Effective Exercise Protocol Further Enhance Retention of Cognitive Integrity? Potential for Preventing Loss of Cognition with Aging Using Combinations of Low Cost Regimens

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Journal of Biomedical Science and Engineering 2018年第1期11卷 1-9页

作者： david a.hart Department of Surgery and McCaig Institute for Bone&Joint Health University of CalgaryCalgaryCanada Faculty of Kinesiology University of CalgaryCalgaryCanada Centre for Hip Health&Mobility University of British ColumbiaVancouverCanada Bone&Joint Health Strategic Clinical Network Alberta Health ServicesEdmontonCanada

It is clear that loss of cognition is becoming epidemic in our aging society. Onset of dementia and diseases such as Alzheimer’s are very prevalent and the prognosis is not optimistic that numbers will decrease in the coming decades. Thus, this epidemic is impacting the quality of life of a large number of people, primarily females, as well as the health care systems of many countries. Of relevance is the fact that large clinical trials of candidate drugs to treat these conditions have not been overwhelming successes, indicating that we may need to take new directions or focus on prevention. One conservative approach in this regard has been the use of exercise protocols to both retain cognition and inhibit progression of loss. With the optimization of exercise protocols, it may be time to step back and ask “how can these successes be augmented to further inhibit risk and stabilize loss early in the development of these conditions?” An example of how this could be approached is via supplementation with low doses of minerals such as lithium salts, or supplementation of the diet with prebiotics in patients with obesity and metabolic syndrome. Regarding the former, recent epidemiological studies have indicated that the content of Li in the drinking water is associated with lower incidences of cognitive diseases/conditions. While not definitive, such clues may warrant performing controlled studies using low doses of lithium salts plus exercise to further optimize impact on retention of cognition in those at risk, or those with early disease. Similarly, patients with obesity are at higher risk to develop dementia, and prebiotics can correct some of the metabolic derangements associated with the microbiome in such patients to impact risk. Thus, multiple low cost interventions plus exercise could further enhance retention of cognitive integrity in specific populations.

关键词： Cognition Dementia Exercise Lithium Salts Sex/Gender Obesity Prebiotics

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Impact of age on host responses to diet-induced obesity:Development of joint damage and metabolic set points

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2020年第2期9卷 132-139页

作者： Kelsey H.Collins Graham Z.MacDonald david a.hart Ruth A.Seerattan Jaqueline L.Rios Raylene A.Reimer Walter Herzog Human Performance Laboratory University of CalgaryCalgaryAB T2N IN 4Canada McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health University of CalgaryAB T2N1N4Canada Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Washington UniversitySt.LouisMO 63108USA Bone&Joint Health Strategic Clinical Network Alberta Health ServicesEdmontonAB T5E 4E3Canada Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Cumming School of MedicineUniversity of CalgaryAB T2N IN4Canada

Background:Osteoarthritis is one of the leading causes of pain and disability worldwide,and a large percentage of patients with osteoarthritis are individuals who are also *** recent years,a series of animal models have demonstrated that obesity-inducing diets can result in synovial joint damage(both with and without the superimposition of trauma),which may be related to changes in percentage of body fat and a series of low-level systemic inflammatory *** note,there is a disparity between whether the dietary challenges commence at weaning,representing a weanling onset,or at skeletal maturity,representing an adult onset of *** wished to evaluate the effect ofthe dietary exposure time and the age at which animals are exposed to a high-fat and high-sucrose(HFS) diet to determine whether these factors may result in disparate outcomes,as there is evidence suggesting that these factors result in differential metabolic *** on dietary exposure time,we hypothesized that rats fed an HFS diet for 14 weeks from weaning(HFS Weanling) would demonstrate an increase in knee joint damage scores,whereas rats exposed to the HFS diet for 4 weeks,starting at 12 weeks of age(HFS Adult) and rats exposed to a standard chow diet(Chow)would not display an increase in knee joint damage ***:Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed either an HFS diet for 14 weeks from weaning(HFS Weanling) or an HFS diet for 4 weeks,starting at 12 weeks of age(HFS Adult).At sacrifice,joints were scored using the modified Mankin Criteria,and serum was analyzed for a defined subset of inflammatory markers(Interleukin-6,leptin,monocyte chemoattractant protein-1,and tumor necrosis factorα).Results:When the HFS Weanling and HFS Adult groups were compared,both groups had a similar percent of body fat,although the HFS Weanling group had a significantly greater body mass than the HFS Adult *** HFS Weanling and HFS Adult animals had a significant increase in body mass and pe

关键词： Adult exposure High-fat high-sucrose diet Rat obesity model Serum biomarkers Weanling exposure

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Sex Determination in Homo sapiens as a Multi-Step Process: Potential for Development of Variants and Sex Differences in Disease Risk

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Journal of Biomedical Science and Engineering 2024年第1期17卷 13-34页

作者： david A. hart Department of Surgery Faculty of Kinesiology McCaig Institute for Bone & Joint Health University of Calgary Cal-gary Canada

Reproduction via cis-binary mechanisms appears to have evolved fairly early in the evolution of complex organisms, and a system committed to prior to evolution of humans. While the evolution of a chromosomal-specific approach has been a successful strategy for survival of a large variety of species including humans, the fidelity of sex determination leading to 100% cis-binary outcomes is not achieved in many species, with evidence for homosexual or bisexual behaviour evident in more than 1500 species. Thus, such outcomes indicates that sex determination is a multi-step process and not a single event, and as such, could lead to the appearance of variants during the process which developed much earlier than humans. Variants could arise either due to intrinsic variation in the steps of determination, or also be influenced by environmental factors of a biological or psychological nature. In contrast to homosexual variants which do not require interventions such as hormone therapy or surgery, expression of gender dysphoria, is more based in psychology, but also has biological underpinnings and can be influenced by such hormonal interventions and surgery. While the numbers of those with gender dysphoria is small (~0.6% - 1.0% of population), the attention given to this issue raises the possibility of biological and psychological environmental factors impacting the emergence of some of those expressing gender dysphoria. Furthermore, transitioning from male-to-female or female-to-male can have consequences regarding disease risks latter in life, including the appearance of autoimmune diseases. This review will attempt to review some of the evidence regarding sex determination, discuss why the system has potentially not been improved upon during evolution, how a potential role for sex chromosome function on neurodevelopment may be central to variation in humans, and how commitment to the current strategy is likely integrated into other sex-related events such as puberty, pre

关键词： Sex Determination Variant Development Fidelity of Sex Determination Biological Sex Determination Species Variation

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Biorenewable materials for water remediation: The central role of cellulose in achieving sustainability

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Journal of Bioresources and Bioproducts 2024年第3期9卷 253-282页

作者： Kirti Mishra Samarjeet Singh Siwal Thandiwe Sithole Nirankar Singh Phil hart Vijay Kumar Thakur Department of Chemistry M.M.Engineering CollegeMaharishi Markandeshwar(Deemed to be University)Haryana 133207India Department of Chemical Engineering University of JohannesburgDoornfontein 2088South Africa Biorefining and Advanced Materials Research Center Scotland’s Rural CollegeEdinburgh EH93JGUnited Kingdom Renewable and Sustainable Energy Research Centre Technology Innovation InstituteAbu Dhabi 9639United Arab Emirates School of Engineering University of Petroleum&Energy StudiesDehradun 248007India

As the population increases and manufacturing grows,greenhouse gas and other harmful emissions *** with chemicals such as dyes,pesticides,pharmaceuticals,oil,heavy metals or radionuclides,wastewater purification has become an urgent *** technologies exist that can remove these contaminants from wastewater sources,but they often demand high energy and/or high cost,and in some cases produce contaminant laden sludge that requires safe *** need for methods which are less capital intensive,less operationally costly and more environmentally friendly is ***-based materials have emerged as promising candidates for wastewater treatment due to their renewability,low cost,biodegradability,hydrophilicity,and antimicrobial *** this review article,we focussed on developing sustainable and biodegradable cellulose-based materials for wastewater *** article deals with cellulose-based materials’scope and their conversion into valuable products like hydrogel,aerogel,cellulose composites,and *** cellulose-based materials have no harmful environmental impact and are *** modified cellulose-based materials applying as membrane,adsorbent,sorbent,and beads to purify the wastewater were ***,the challenges and future prospects of cellulose-based materials for wastewater treatment were considered,emphasizing their potential to be sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives to traditional materials used in wastewater treatment.

关键词： Cellulose Wastewater treatment Hydrogel Nanocrystal Cellulose membrane

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Colored Pens

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空中英语教室（初级版．大家说英语） 2024年第9期 39-40,55页

作者： Garrett hart 不详

Sally and her friend Beth are walking in the community *** started taking a craft class there a few weeks ago."Wasn't that a fun class,Sally?"asks Beth."It was!I want to get some supplies today.I need a few things for... 详细信息

关键词： center. class Sal

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The Big Test

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空中英语教室（初级版．大家说英语） 2024年第11期 42-43,55页

作者： Garrett hart 不详

Chad of ten studies at *** works part-time in an office,but he's also taking business school *** classes are not easy for him.“Hey,Chad,how are things going?”asks Paula,Chad's coworker.“All right,I ***,actually,not... 详细信息

关键词： office Big classes.

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水下悬浮隧道的技术现状和未来展望

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隧道建设（中英文） 2024年第2期44卷 225-232,I0025-I0032页

作者： Marcel‘t hart Arianna Minoretti 李英隧道工程咨询公司(TEC) 荷兰阿默斯福特3828 GZ 挪威公共道路管理局技术开发部挪威特隆赫姆7468

阐述了水下悬浮隧道(又称水下悬浮管桥)的概念;探讨了悬浮隧道结构的4种支撑形式,即岸锚式、桥墩支撑式、浮筒固定式和锚索固定式,并对4种支撑形式的适用性进行了对比;对悬浮隧道的跨海形式及主隧道结构断面形式进行了讨论,分析了多管系... 详细信息

阐述了水下悬浮隧道(又称水下悬浮管桥)的概念;探讨了悬浮隧道结构的4种支撑形式,即岸锚式、桥墩支撑式、浮筒固定式和锚索固定式,并对4种支撑形式的适用性进行了对比;对悬浮隧道的跨海形式及主隧道结构断面形式进行了讨论,分析了多管系统+横通道连通形式在火灾及事故发生时的安全性。介绍了国际上悬浮隧道的相关标准:国际结构混凝土联合会(fib)在2020年发布了《水下悬浮管桥(SFTB)设计指南》(fib公告第96号),旨在为技术界提供水下悬浮管桥方案设计指南;国际隧道和地下空间协会(ITA)在2023年发布了《水下悬浮隧道(SFT)业主指南》,旨在向基础设施业主说明,水下悬浮隧道相比传统隧道的适用性;另外,挪威国家标准已率先将悬浮隧道结构纳入国家桥梁手册(2020)。梳理了悬浮隧道已有的理论研究,介绍了目前水下悬浮隧道比较热门的研究课题,比如流体-结构相互作用和冲击等。分析了水下悬浮隧道的优势,不仅能够减小主要的海洋荷载对结构的影响,而且可以降低隧道和相连结构的坡度,缩短穿越距离,保护海底地形以及减少对周围区域的噪声影响。随着人们对环境问题的日益重视,以及新材料和新技术为减少气候影响带来的机遇,悬浮隧道有望获得进一步的推广。

关键词：水下悬浮隧道水下悬浮管桥指南流体-结构相互作用荷载冲击支撑形式

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Carbon dioxide enrichment affected flower numbers transiently and increased successful post-pollination development stably but without altering final acorn production in mature pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.)

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Journal of Forestry Research 2024年第4期35卷 1-12页

作者： Ryan McClory Richard H.Ellis Martin Lukac Jo Clark Carolina Mayoral Kris M.hart Andrew R.G.Plackett A.Rob MacKenzie School of Agriculture Policy and DevelopmentUniversity of ReadingAgricultureEarley GateWhiteknights RoadPO Box 237Reading RG66EUUK Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences Czech University of Life Sciences PraguePrague 165000Czechia Future Trees Trust Harwell Innovation CentreBuilding 173Curie AvenueHarwellOxford OX110QGUK Birmingham Institute of Forest Research University of BirminghamEdgbastonBirmingham B152TTUK School of Biosciences University of BirminghamEdgbastonBirmingham B152TTUK School of Geography Earth and Environmental SciencesUniversity of BirminghamEdgbastonBirmingham B152TTUK

Acorn production in oak(Quercus spp.)shows considerable inter-annual variation,known as masting,which provides a natural defence against seed predators but a highly-variable supply of acorns for uses such as in commercial tree planting each *** emissions of greenhouse gases have been very widely reported to influence plant growth and seed or fruit size and quantity via the‘fertilisation effect’that leads to enhanced *** examine if acorn production in mature woodland communities will be affected by further increase in CO_(2),the contents of litter traps from a Free Air Carbon Enrichment(FACE)experiment in deciduous woodland in central England were analysed for numbers of flowers and acorns of pedunculate oak(Quercus robur L.)at different stages of development and their predation levels under ambient and elevated CO_(2) ***-annual variation in acorn numbers was considerable and cyclical between 2015 and 2021,with the greatest numbers of mature acorns in 2015,2017 and 2020 but almost none in *** numbers of flowers,enlarged cups,immature acorns,empty acorn cups,and galls in the litter traps also varied amongst years;comparatively high numbers of enlarged cups were recorded in 2018,suggesting *** at this site is a fruit maturation masting species(i.e.,the extent of abortion of pollinated flowers during acorn development affects mature acorn numbers greatly).Raising the atmospheric CO_(2) concentration by 150μL L^(−1),from early 2017,increased the numbers of immature acorns,and all acorn evidence(empty cups+immature acorns+mature acorns)detected in the litter traps compared to ambient controls by 2021,but did not consistently affect the numbers of flowers,enlarged cups,empty cups,or mature *** number of flowers in the elevated CO_(2) plots’litter traps was greater in 2018 than 2017,one year after CO_(2) enrichment began,whereas numbers declined in ambient *** with CO_(2) also increased the number o

关键词： Quercus robur L. Acorns Masting Pedunculate oak Carbon dioxide

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关机风波

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空中英语教室（初级版．大家说英语） 2024年第4期 37-38,55页

作者： Garrett hart 不详

Larry一个月前搬进一间新公寓。他喜欢那个地方,也喜欢他的室友Edward。“早安,Edward。我一会儿要去公园跑步。应该一个小时后回来。”Larry说。他穿上鞋子,准备出门。“没问题。我会在家。我有些工作要做。”Larry出门时Edward跟他说... 详细信息

Larry一个月前搬进一间新公寓。他喜欢那个地方,也喜欢他的室友Edward。“早安,Edward。我一会儿要去公园跑步。应该一个小时后回来。”Larry说。他穿上鞋子,准备出门。“没问题。我会在家。我有些工作要做。”Larry出门时Edward跟他说一小时后,Larry回到公寓。“Larry,我用你的电脑查了一些资料。可以吗?”Edward问道。

关键词：公寓跑步 Edward

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