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Sustainable management of Chinese grasslands—issues and knowledge

Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2018年第1期5卷 9-23页

作者： david KEMP Guodong han Fujiang HOU Xiangyang HOU Zhiguo LI Yi SUN Zhongwu WANG Jianping WU Xiaoqing ZhanG Yingjun ZhanG Xuyin GONG Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation Charles Sturt University College of Grassland Resources and Environment/Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources of Ministry of Education of China/Key Laboratory of Forage Cultivation Processing and High Efficient Utilization of Ministry of Agriculture of China Inner Mongolia Agricultural University College of Pastoral Agriculture Science & Technology Lanzhou University Institute for Grassland Research Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences China Agricultural University

China has almost 400 Mhm^2 of grasslands,90% of which is considered degraded to varying degrees,on which 16 million herders depend for their livelihoods and many more indirectly, along the value-adding *** 1950, average stocking rates across China have increased 4-fold. National policies have focused over recent decades on finding ways to rehabilitate the degraded grasslands, to sustain livestock production from them, and to improve the livelihoods of herder households, who are among the poorest people in China. A large collaborative program commenced in the early 2000 s to help find solutions to the sustainable management of *** paper summarizes key findings of many research projects, identifies where knowledge is weak and argues that the successful rehabilitation of grasslands will also require policies that provide incentives and support for herders as they move from a focus on survival to a focus on production of higher quality products, for which consumers are increasingly willing to pay. A key focus is to emphasize the improvement of animal production per head. When this is done, it naturally leads to lower stocking rates, which in turn provides the opportunities for grasslands to recover. Across a range of experiments, farm demonstrations and analyses using models, in Inner Mongolia and Gansu, a consistent result has been that a 50% reduction in stocking rates, improves net household income and starts the process of grassland *** than focusing on stocking rates, better management of grasslands could be achieved by maintaining the grasslands above critical values for herbage mass, values that help optimize botanical composition, reduce soil erosion, optimize animal growth rates and aid ecosystem functions. Managing to critical values for herbage mass is likely to be more effective than efforts to calculate sustainable stocking rates. An early summer rest is valuable for aiding grassland rehabilitation and summer productivi

关键词： China grasslands management rehabilitation stocking rate income system analysis

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Pattern dynamics in telegraph reaction diffusion

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Theoretical & Applied Mechanics Letters 2018年第5期8卷 355-360,364页

作者： Qianqian Zheng Fang han Zhijie Wang College of Information Science and Technology Donghua University david Geffen School of Medicine University of California

Reaction-diffusion(RD)equation was often used to investigate the pattern dynamics,but telegraph reaction-diffusion(TRD)system was seldom *** this paper,the Izhikevich model was modified to explain some biological mechanisms by RD and TRD in neuronal *** a new condition under which the system loses stability was proposed and the effect of parameters,diffusion,memory and steady state were considered on the process of neuronal *** method presented is a novel approach to investigate the pattern dynamics of biological ***,simulations are carried out to validate our theoretical results.

关键词： Pattern dynamics Stability Diffusion Memory effect

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论«红楼梦»修辞格英译的语言制约

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湖北工业大学学报 2024年第3期39卷 63-67页

作者：肖家燕蔡珂韩琦朱露晴湖北工业大学外国语学院湖北武汉430068

通过比较、评析《红楼梦》霍译文和杨戴译文关于析字、谐音、藏词、委婉等九种修辞格的英译文和翻译方法,说明霍译文、杨戴译文都侧重于语义转换,且以直译、意译法,以及直译、意译混合法为主。研究结果一方面掲示了语言因素是制约二者... 详细信息

通过比较、评析《红楼梦》霍译文和杨戴译文关于析字、谐音、藏词、委婉等九种修辞格的英译文和翻译方法,说明霍译文、杨戴译文都侧重于语义转换,且以直译、意译法,以及直译、意译混合法为主。研究结果一方面掲示了语言因素是制约二者翻译方法的主要因素;另一方面表明,《红楼梦》的英译研究需要文化、语言学等多元化视角,以阐释文学翻译的多种现象。

关键词：比较研究英译《红楼梦》修辞格语言制约

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Thermal Stabilization of EDFA gain by hybrid concatenation of antimony-doped silica EDF

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光学学报 2003年第S1期23卷 419-420页

作者： Young-Eun Im Uh-Chan Ryu P. Babu Won-Taek han K. Oh david J. DiGiovanni Baishi Wang Anand Hariharan Department of Information and Communications K-JIST Kwangju 500712 Rep. of Korea OFS Laboratories 700 Moutain Ave. Murray Hill NJ 07974 USA OFS Fitel SPD 19 Schoolhouse Road Somerset NJ 08873 USA

Sb-doped silica EDF showed an opposite temperature dependent gain profile compared to Al-doped silica EDF. Concatenation of those two EDFs showed a gain variation less than ?0.4 dB over 40nm of C-band with the 15dB ga... 详细信息

关键词： range of

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Adenoviral-mediated Hath1-EGFP gene transfer into guinea pig cochlea through intact round window membrane

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Journal of Otology 2008年第1期3卷 18-23页

作者： CHEN Wei HU Yin-yan YANG Shi-ming GUO Wei SUN Jian-he han Dong-yi ZHAI Suo-qiang YANG Wei-yan david ZZHe Neurologic Biological centre Institute of OtolaryngologyDepartment of Otorhinolaryngology-Head&Neck SurgeryChinese PLA General HospitalBeijing 100853China Department of Biomedical Sciences Creighton University2500 California PlazaOmahaNE 68175USA

Objective To study expression of adenoviral-mediated Hath1-EGFP gene in the guinea pig cochlea after transfer through intact round window membrane(RWM), and to assess its effects on hearing. Methods Twenty adult guinea pigs were used, of which: 12 were surgically inoculated with Ad-Hath1-EGFP in the bony groove of round window niche, and 8 with artificial perilymph. Auditory brainstem response(ABR) thresholds were determined in all animals before and 5 days after surgery. On post-surgery day 5 and day 14, animals were sacrificed and whole mounts of cochlea and frozen sections were examined. Results ABR tests showed no significant change of hearing after the surgery. Strong fluorescence staining in the cochleae was seen in Ad-Hath1-EGFP groups. The highest levels of gene expression were seen in the post-surgery day 5 group with little decrease on post-surgery day *** contralateral cochlea and those in the control groups were free of fluorescence staining. Conclusion The transgenic Hath1-EGFP can be effectively delivered into the inner ear through intact RWM, in an atraumatic manner.

关键词： Gene transfer round window membrane Adenovirus guinea pig Hath1

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基于网络药理学、分子对接和动物实验探讨菟丝子醇提物抗乳腺癌作用机制

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中草药 2024年第14期55卷 4747-4758页

作者：宋辉黄晓俏孙向明汤静王玉涵韩栩楠李文兰哈尔滨商业大学药学院(药物工程技术研究中心) 黑龙江哈尔滨150076 国家教育部抗肿瘤天然药物工程研究中心黑龙江哈尔滨150076

目的基于网络药理学、分子对接及体内实验验证探讨菟丝子醇提物抗乳腺癌的疗效及作用机制。方法借助SwissADME平台筛选课题组前期通过UPLC/Q-TOF-MS分析得到的46个菟丝子醇提物候选化合物,利用TCMSP、ETCM、BATMAN-TCM数据库预测其潜在... 详细信息

目的基于网络药理学、分子对接及体内实验验证探讨菟丝子醇提物抗乳腺癌的疗效及作用机制。方法借助SwissADME平台筛选课题组前期通过UPLC/Q-TOF-MS分析得到的46个菟丝子醇提物候选化合物,利用TCMSP、ETCM、BATMAN-TCM数据库预测其潜在靶点;GeneCards、OMIM、DrugBank数据库收集疾病靶点。取交集构建“成分-靶点”和蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用(protein-protein interaction,PPI)网络,利用david数据库进行基因本体(gene ontology,GO)功能及京都基因与基因组百科全书(Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes,KEGG)通路富集分析,并建立“成分-靶点-通路”网络,采用AutoDock等软件对关键活性成分和核心靶点进行分子对接验证。建立4T1荷瘤小鼠模型,设置模型组、环磷酰胺(20 mg/kg)组和菟丝子醇提物低、中、高剂量(3.12、6.24、12.48 g/kg)组,连续给药14 d,观察菟丝子醇提物对小鼠体质量、脾脏和胸腺指数的影响;小动物活体成像检测肿瘤细胞光子数;苏木素-伊红(hematoxylin-eosin,HE)染色检测瘤组织病理变化;Western blotting检测肿瘤组织磷脂酰肌醇-3-激酶/蛋白激酶B(phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/protein kinase B,PI3K/Akt)信号通路及凋亡相关蛋白表达。结果网络药理学筛选得到17种菟丝子活性成分及靶点428个,乳腺癌疾病靶点1534个,交集靶点184个,其中AKT1、雌激素受体1(estrogen receptor 1,ESR1)、表皮生长因子受体(epidermal growth factor receptor,EGFR)、肿瘤蛋白p53(tumor protein p53,TP53)等9个为核心靶点,与槲皮素、芹菜素等7个核心成分分子对接结果良好。通过KEGG和GO分析发现,PI3K/Akt信号转导通路可能是菟丝子抗乳腺癌的重要途径。动物实验结果证实成功构建4T1荷瘤小鼠模型,与模型组比较,菟丝子醇提物组小鼠体质量、胸腺指数显著升高(P<0.05、0.01),脾脏指数及肿瘤细胞光子数显著降低(P<0.05、0.01),同时瘤组织可见部分坏死区域,细胞核呈溶解现象。菟丝子醇提物组显著下调p-PI3K、p-Akt、B淋巴细胞瘤-2(B-cell lymphoma-2,Bcl-2)蛋白表达(P<0.05、0.01),上调Bcl-2相关X蛋白(Bcl-2 associated X protein,Bax)表达(P<0.05、0.01),升高Bax/Bcl-2值(P<0.05、0.01)。结论菟丝子醇提物能够明显抑制荷瘤小鼠肿瘤的生长,其作用机制可能与调控PI3K/Akt通路、促进细胞凋亡有关。

关键词：菟丝子乳腺癌网络药理学 PI3K/Akt信号通路细胞凋亡金丝桃苷

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Exploring the mechanism of hirudin in the treatment of diabetic kidney disease using network pharmacology combined with molecular docking verification

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Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine 2022年第4期42卷 586-594页

作者： PANG Xinxin ZHU Qing PENG Zining ZhanG Yage SHI Xiujie han Jiarui Department of Nephropathy Henan Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese MedicineZhengzhou 450002China

OBJECTIVE:To explore the mechanism of hirudin in the treatment of diabetic kidney disease(DKD).METHOD:Cytoscape software was used to analyze the network between hirudin targets and active components in the treatment of *** biological function and mechanism of effective targets of hirudin for DKD treatment were analyzed by the Database for Annotation,Visualization and Integrated Discovery(david)*** docking technology was used to simulate the docking of key targets,and the DKD rat model was used to verify the first 4 key targets with high"Hydrogen number"among the top 10 targets verified by molecular ***:Total of 12334 DKD targets were screened in Gene Cards,OMIM and other databases,Hirudin and DKD had 247 common target genes,and the protein interaction network got 2115 *** david database was used for the Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analysis,confirming that hirudin in treatment of DKD involves multiple signaling pathways such as the forkhead box O signaling pathway,the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-protein kinase B signaling pathway,the vascular endothelial-derived growth factor signaling pathway and other signaling *** top ten key targets of hirudin in treatment of DKD were verified by molecular *** experiments showed that hirudin could decrease the expression of caspase-3 in renal tissue of DKD rats,and increase the expression of RAC-alpha serine/threonineprotein kinase,Catalase,and Heat shock protein HSP 90-alpha in renal tissue of DKD ***:This study preliminarily reveals that hirudin treats DKD through multiple targets and pathways,and molecular docking and animal experiments indicates the feasibility of this *** may be directly or indirectly involved in the regulation of cell metabolism,oxidative stress and other mechanisms in the treatment of DKD,which will lay the foundation for future molecular biological experiments of hirudin in the treatme

关键词： hirudins diabetic kidney disease network pharmacology molecular docking simulation

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Deep potentials for materials science

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Materials Futures 2022年第2期1卷 89-115页

作者： Tongqi Wen Linfeng Zhang han Wang Weinan E david J Srolovitz Department of Mechanical Engineering The University of Hong KongHong KongHong Kong Special Administrative Region of China DP Technology BeijingPeople’s Republic of China AI for Science Institute BeijingPeople’s Republic of China Laboratory of Computational Physics Institute of Applied Physics and Computational MathematicsBeijingPeople’s Republic of China HEDPS CAPTCollege of EngineeringPeking UniversityBeijingPeople’s Republic of China School of Mathematical Sciences Peking UniversityBeijingPeople’s Republic of China Department of Mathematics and Program in Applied and Computational Mathematics Princeton UniversityPrincetonNJUnited States of America International Digital Economy Academy(IDEA) ShenzhenPeople’s Republic of China

To fill the gap between accurate(and expensive)ab initio calculations and efficient atomistic simulations based on empirical interatomic potentials,a new class of descriptions of atomic interactions has emerged and been widely applied;*** learning potentials(MLPs).One recently developed type of MLP is the deep potential(DP)*** this review,we provide an introduction to DP methods in computational materials *** theory underlying the DP method is presented along with a step-by-step introduction to their development and *** also review materials applications of DPs in a wide range of materials *** DP Library provides a platform for the development of DPs and a database of extant *** discuss the accuracy and efficiency of DPs compared with ab initio methods and empirical potentials.

关键词： deep potential atomistic simulation machine learning potential neural network

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Wafer-Scale Synthesis of WS_(2)Films with In Situ Controllable p-Type Doping by Atomic Layer Deposition

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Research 2021年第1期2021卷 1424-1432页

作者： hanjie Yang Yang Wang Xingli Zou Rongxu Bai Zecheng Wu Sheng han Tao Chen Shen Hu Hao Zhu Lin Chen david W.Zhang Jack C.Lee Xionggang Lu Peng Zhou Qingqing Sun Edward T.Yu Deji Akinwande Li Ji State Key Laboratory of ASIC and System School of MicroelectronicsFudan UniversityShanghai 200433China State Key Laboratory of Advanced Special Steel School of Materials Science and EngineeringShanghai UniversityShanghai 200444China Microelectronics Research Center Department of Electrical and Computer EngineeringThe University of Texas at AustinAustin78758 TexasUSA

Wafer-scale synthesis of p-type TMD films is critical for its commercialization in next-generation electro/*** this work,wafer-scale intrinsic n-type WS_(2)films and in situ Nb-doped p-type WS_(2)films were synthesized through atomic layer deposition(ALD)on 8-inchα-Al_(2)O_(3)/Si wafers,2-inch sapphire,and 1 cm^(2)GaN substrate *** Nb doping concentration was precisely controlled by altering cycle number of Nb precursor and activated by ***_(2)n-FETs and Nb-doped p-FETs with different Nb concentrations have been fabricated using CMOS-compatible processes.X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy,Raman spectroscopy,and Hall measurements confirmed the effective substitutional doping with *** on/off ratio and electron mobility of WS_(2)n-FET are as high as 105 and 6.85 cm^(2)V^(-1)s^(-1),*** WS_(2)p-FET with 15-cycle Nb doping,the on/off ratio and hole mobility are 10 and 0.016 cm^(2)V^(-1)s^(-1),*** p-n structure based on n-and p-type WS_(2)films was proved with a 10^(4)rectifying *** realization of controllable in situ Nb-doped WS_(2)films paved a way for fabricating wafer-scale complementary WS_(2)FETs.

关键词： sapphire doping realization

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High-performance polarization-sensitive photodetectors on two-dimensional β-InSe

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National Science Review 2022年第5期9卷 30-36页

作者： Zhinan Guo Rui Cao Huide Wang Xi Zhang Fanxu Meng Xue Chen Siyan Gao david K.Sang Thi Huong Nguyen Anh Tuan Duong Jinlai Zhao Yu-Jia Zeng Sunglae Cho Bing Zhao Ping-Heng Tan han Zhang Dianyuan Fan Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronics Science and Technology College of Physics and Optoelectronic EngineeringShenzhen University Institute of Nanosurface Science and Engineering Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of MicroNano Optomechatronics EngineeringShenzhen University State Key Laboratory of Superlattices and Microstructures Institute of SemiconductorsChinese Academy of Sciences Department of Physics and Energy Harvest-Storage Research Center University of Ulsan State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials Jilin University

Two-dimensional(2D) indium selenide(InSe) has been widely studied for application in transistors and photodetectors,which benefit from its excellent optoelectronic *** the three specific polytypes(γ-,ε-and β-phase) of InSe,only the crystal lattice of InSe in β-phase(β-InSe) belongs to a non-symmetry point group of D6 h~4,which indicates stronger anisotropic transport behavior and potential in the polarized photodetection of β-InSe-based optoelectronic ***,we prepare the stable p-type 2D-layered β-InSe via temperature gradient *** anisotropic Raman,transport and photoresponse properties of β-InSe have been experimentally and theoretically proven,showing that theβ-InSe-based device has a ratio of 3.76 for the maximum to minimum dark current at two orthogonal orientations and a high photocurrent anisotropic ratio of 0.70 at 1 V bias voltage,*** appealing anisotropic properties demonstrated in this work clearly identify β-InSe as a competitive candidate for filter-free polarization-sensitive photodetectors.

关键词： 2D materials polarization photodetectors β-InSe Raman spectra

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