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Exploiting viral vectors to deliver genome editing reagents in plants

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aBIOTECH 2024年第2期5卷 247-261页

作者： Yilin Shen Tao Ye Zihan Li Torotwa herman Kimutai Hao Song Xiaoou Dong Jianmin Wan State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Centre for Modern Crop ProductionJiangsu Engineering Research Center for Plant Genome EditingNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210095China Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory Nanjing 210014China Hainan Seed Industry Laboratory Sanya 572025China State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding Institute of Crop SciencesChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100081China

Genome editing holds great promise for the molecular breeding of plants,yet its application is hindered by the shortage of simple and effective means of delivering genome editing reagents into *** plant transformation-based methods for delivery of genome editing reagents into plants often involve prolonged tissue culture,a labor-intensive and technically challenging process for many elite crop *** this review,we describe various virus-based methods that have been employed to deliver genome editing reagents,including components of the CRISPR/Cas machinery and donor DNA for precision editing in *** update the progress in these methods with recent successful examples of genome editing achieved through virus-based delivery in different plant species,highlight the advantages and limitations of these delivery approaches,and discuss the remaining challenges.

关键词： Plant genome engineering Genome editing CRISPR/Cas Virus-based delivery

A complete reference genome for the soybean ***

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Plant Communications 2024年第2期5卷 19-22页

作者： Yicheng Huang Dal-Hoe Koo Yizhou Mao Eliot M.herman Jianwei Zhang Monica A.Schmidt National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement Hubei Hongshan LaboratoryHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan 430070China Wheat Genetics Resource Center Department of Plant PathologyKansas State UniversityManhattanKS 66506USA BIO5 Institute School of Plant SciencesUniversity of ArizonaTucsonAZ 85721USA

Dear Editors,Soybeans are a global commodity for their edible protein and vegetable *** global population is predicted to be 9.7 billion by 2050(UN,2022),with a concomitant drastic increase in protein *** already 2.4 billion people suffering from food insecurity(FAO et al.,2023),there is an urgent need to meet future production demands for plant-based proteins.

关键词： commodity soybean urgent

Preparation of Regenerated Silk Fibroin Hybrid Fibers with Hydrogen Peroxide Sensing Properties by Wet Spinning

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Journal of Renewable Materials 2024年第6期12卷 1043-1055页

作者： Song Lu Jianjun Guo Richard Ansah herman Xinyi Wu Lin Ma Guohua Wu College of Biotechnology Jiangsu University of Science and TechnologyZhenjiang212100China College of Agriculture Anshun UniversityAnshun561000China

Silk is widely used in the production of high-quality *** the same time,the amount of silk textiles no longer in use and discarded is increasing,resulting in significant waste and *** issue is of great concern in many countries where silk is *** peroxide as a naturally occurring compound is an important indicator of detection in both biology and the *** study aims to develop a composite fiber with hydrogen peroxide-sensing properties using discarded silk *** achieve this goal,firstly,polydopamine(PDA)was used to encapsulate the ZnFe_(2)O_(4) NPs to achieve the improvement of dispersion,and then regenerated silk fibroin(RSF)and PDA@ZnFe_(2)O_(4)/RSF hybrid fibers are prepared by wet *** has shown that PDA@ZnFe_(2)O_(4)/RSF demonstrates exceptional sensitivity,selectivity,and stability in detecting hydrogen peroxide,while maintaining high mechanical ***,the complete hybridization of PDA@ZnFe_(2)O_(4) with silk fibroin not only results in the combination of the durability of silk fibroin and PDA@ZnFe_(2)O_(4)’s rigidity,ensuring a reliable service life,but also makes PDA@ZnFe_(2)O_(4)/RSF exhibit excellent catalytic activity and ***,the composite fiber exhibits exceptional mechanical properties and reliable hydrogen peroxide sensing capabilities,making it a promising material for biological and medical applications.

关键词： Regenerated silk fibroin modified zinc ferrite nanoparticles composite fiber hydrogen peroxide sensor wet spinning

Introducing a 2^nd Universal Space-Time Constant Can Explain the Observed Age of the Universe and Dark Energy

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World Journal of Mechanics 2024年第2期14卷 9-22页

作者： herman A. van Hoeve Hulst Netherlands

The purpose of this paper is to introduce new theoretical concepts as opposed to accepting the existence of dark entities, such as dark energy. This research sought to introduce a 2nd universal space-time constant, besides having a finite speed constant (speed of light in vacuum c). A finite universal age constant b is introduced. Namely, this paper shows that the changes in the Earth’s anomalistic year duration over time support the hypothesis of the age of the universe correlating with a maximum number of orbital revolutions constant. Neglecting the gravitational influence of other cosmological entities in the proximity of the Earth, the constant maximum number of revolutions is herewith determined solely by the Earth’s orbital revolutions around the Sun. The value of the universal age constant b is calculated to be around 13.8 billion orbital revolutions, derived out of an equation related to the changes in the Earth’s anomalistic year duration over time and the so-called Hubble tension. The above-mentioned calculated value b correlates well with the best fit to measured data of the cosmic microwave background radiation (CMBR) by the Planck spacecraft, the age of the observed universe is measured to be approximately 13.787 ± 0.020 billion years (2018 final data release). Developing a theory with this 2nd universal space-time constant b, being covariant with respect to the Lorentz transformations when time spans are large, gives results such as: A confirmation of the measured CMBR value of 13.787 ± 0.020 billion years. Correlating well with the observed expansion rate of the universe (dark energy). The universe’s expansion accelerating over the last four to five billion years.

关键词： Anomalistic Year Orbital Revolution Hubble Tension Age of the Universe Cosmological Constant Dark Energy Cosmic Microwave Background

Epigenetic silencing schlafen-11 sensitizes esophageal cancer to ATM inhibitor

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2024年第5期16卷 2060-2073页

作者： Jing Zhou Mei-Ying Zhang Ai-Ai Gao Cheng Zhu Tao He James G herman Ming-Zhou Guo School of Medicine NanKai UniversityTianjin 300071China Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology The First Medical CenterChinese PLA General HospitalBeijing 100853China Departments of Pathology Characteristic Medical Center of The Chinese People’s Armed Police ForceTianjin 300162China The Hillman Cancer Center University of Pittsburgh Cancer InstitutePittsburghPA 15213United States National Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases Chinese PLA General HospitalBeijing 100853China

BACKGROUND Targeting DNA damage response(DDR)pathway is a cutting-edge *** has been reported that Schlafen-11(SLFN11)contributes to increase chemosensitivity by participating in ***,the detailed mechanism is *** To investigate the role of SLFN11 in DDR and the application of synthetic lethal in esophageal cancer with SLFN11 *** To reach the purpose,eight esophageal squamous carcinoma cell lines,142 esophageal dysplasia(ED)and 1007 primary esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC)samples and various techniques were utilized,including methylationspecific polymerase chain reaction,CRISPR/Cas9 technique,Western blot,colony formation assay,and xenograft mouse *** Methylation of SLFN11 was exhibited in 9.15%of(13/142)ED and 25.62%of primary(258/1007)ESCC cases,and its expression was regulated by promoter region ***11 methylation was significantly associated with tumor differentiation and tumor size(both P<0.05).However,no significant associations were observed between promoter region methylation and age,gender,smoking,alcohol consumption,TNM stage,or lymph node *** DNA damaged model induced by low dose cisplatin,SLFN11 was found to activate non-homologous end-joining and ATR/CHK1 signaling pathways,while inhibiting the ATM/CHK2 signaling *** silencing of SLFN11 was found to sensitize the ESCC cells to ATM inhibitor(AZD0156),both in vitro and in *** SLFN11 is frequently methylated in human *** of SLFN11 is sensitive marker of ATM inhibitor in ESCC.

关键词： Schlafen-11 Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma DNA methylation Synthetic lethality AZD0156

Epigenetic silencing of BEND4,a novel DNA damage repair gene,is a synthetic lethal marker for ATM inhibitor in pancreatic cancer

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Frontiers of Medicine 2024年第4期18卷 721-734页

作者： Yuanxin Yao Honghui Lv Meiying Zhang Yuan Li James G.herman Malcolm V.Brock Aiai Gao Qian Wang Francois Fuks Lirong Zhang Mingzhou Guo Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology the First Medical CenterChinese PLA General HospitalBeijing100853China Department of Pharmacology School of Basic Medical SciencesZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou450001China Henan Institute of Advanced Technology Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou450001China UPMC Hillman Cancer Center University of Pittsburgh Medical CenterPittsburghPA15213USA Department of surgery School of MedicineJohns Hopkins School of MedicineBaltimoreMD21287USA Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics Faculty of MedicineULB-Cancer Research Center(U-CRC)Universite Libre de Bruxelles(ULB)Brussels1070Belgium National Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases the First Medical CenterChinese PLA General HospitalBeijing100853China

Synthetic lethality is a novel model for cancer *** understand the function and mechanism of BEN domain-containing protein 4(BEND4)in pancreatic cancer,eight cell lines and a total of 492 cases of pancreatic neoplasia samples were included in this ***-specific polymerase chain reaction,CRISPR/Cas9,immunoprecipitation assay,comet assay,and xenograft mouse model were ***4 is a new member of the BEN domain *** expression of BEND4 is regulated by promoter region *** is methylated in 58.1%(176/303)of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma(PDAC),33.3%(14/42)of intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm,31.0%(13/42)of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor,14.3%(3/21)of mucinous cystic neoplasm,4.3%(2/47)of solid pseudopapillary neoplasm,and 2.7%(1/37)of serous cystic ***4 methylation is significantly associated with late-onset PDAC(>50 years,P<0.01)and tumor differentiation(P<0.0001),and methylation of BEND4 is an independent poor prognostic marker(P<0.01)in ***,BEND4 plays tumor-suppressive roles in vitro and in ***,BEND4 involves non-homologous end joining signaling by interacting with Ku80 and promotes DNA damage *** of BEND4 increased the sensitivity of PDAC cells to ATM ***,the present study revealed an uncharacterized tumor suppressor BEND4 and indicated that methylation of BEND4 may serve as a potential synthetic lethal marker for ATM inhibitor in PDAC treatment.

关键词： BEND4 DNA methylation synthetic lethality NHEJ pathway

Assessment of the effectiveness of weight-adjusted antibiotic administration,for reduced duration,in surgical prophylaxis of primary hip and knee arthroplasty

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2024年第2期15卷 170-179页

作者： Tosan Okoro Michael Wan Takura Darlington Mukabeta Ella Malev Marketa Gross Claudia Williams Muhammad Manjra Jan herman Kuiper John Murnaghan Department of Arthroplasty Robert Jones and Agnes Hunt Orthopaedic Hospital NHS Foundation TrustOswestry SY107AGUnited Kingdom School of Medicine Keele UniversityStaffordshire ST55BGUnited Kingdom St Joseph’s Health Centre Unity Health TorontoToronto M6R 1B5Canada Department of Arthroplasty The Royal London HospitalBarts Health NHS TrustLondon E11BBUnited Kingdom Department of Arthroplasty Sunnybrook Holland Orthopaedic and Arthritis CentreToronto M4Y 1H1Canada Institute for Science and Technology in Medicine Keele UniversityStaffordshire ST51BGUnited Kingdom

BACKGROUND Prophylactic antibiotics have significantly led to a reduction in the risk of postoperative surgical site infections(SSI)in orthopaedic *** aim of using antibiotics for this purpose is to achieve serum and tissue drug levels that exceed,for the duration of the operation,the minimum inhibitory concentration of the likely organisms that are *** antibiotics reduce the rate of SSIs in lower limb arthroplasty from between 4%and 8%to between 1%and 3%.Controversy,however,still surrounds the optimal frequency and dosing of antibiotic *** To evaluate the impact of introduction of a weight-adjusted antibiotic prophylaxis regime,combined with a reduction in the duration of administration of post-operative antibiotics on SSI incidence during the 2 years following primary elective total hip and knee arthroplasty METHODS Following ethical approval,patients undergoing primary total hip arthroplasty(THA)/total knee arthroplasty(TKA)with the old regime(OR)of a preoperative dose[cefazolin 2 g intravenously(IV)],and two subsequent doses(2 h and 8 h),were compared to those after a change to a new regime(NR)of a weight-adjusted preoperative dose(cefazolin 2 g IV for patients120 kg)and a post-operative dose at 2 *** primary outcome in both groups was SSI rates during the 2 years *** A total of n=1273 operations(THA n=534,TKA n=739)were performed in n=1264 *** was no statistically significant difference in the rate of deep(OR 0.74%(5/675)vs NR 0.50%(3/598);fishers exact test P=0.72),nor superficial SSIs(OR 2.07%(14/675)vs NR 1.50%(9/598);chi-squared test P=0.44)at 2 years *** propensity score weighting and an interrupted time series analysis,there was also no difference in SSI rates between both groups[RR 0.88(95%CI 0.61 to 1.30)P=0.46].CONCLUSION A weight-adjusted regime,with a reduction in number of post-operative doses had no adverse impact on S

关键词： Antibiotics Weight-adjusted Hip and knee arthroplasty Surgical site infection

Lab results of COVID-19 patients:Omicron vs delta variants

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World Journal of Virology 2024年第2期13卷 71-77页

作者： Dana Avraham Amir herman Gal Shaham Arkady Shklyar Elina Sulim Maria Oulianski Orthopedic Department Kaplan Medical CenterRehovot 7661041Israel Department of Medicine Lithuanian University of Health SciencesKaunas 44307Lithuania Emergency Department Kaplan Medical CenterRehovot 7661041Israel

BACKGROUND The coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)virus has been a world-known pan-demic since February *** variances had been established;the most common variants in Israel were omicron and *** To analyze and compare laboratory values in the"omicron"and"delta"variants of the coronavirus by conducting follow-up examinations and laboratory audits on COVID-19 patients admitted to our *** A retrospective study,two groups,50 patients in each *** examined positive for COVID-19 were divided into groups according to the common variant at the given *** reviewed demographic data and laboratory results such as complete blood count and full chemistry,including electrolytes and coagulation *** The mean age was 52%,66.53±21.7 were *** significance was found comparing laboratory results in the following disciplines:Blood count,hemo-globin,and lymphocytes(P=0.41,P=0.87,P=0.97).Omicron and delta variants have higher neutrophil counts,though they are not significantly different(P=0.38).Coagulation tests:Activated paritial thromoplastin test and international normalized ratio(P=0.72,P=0.68).We found no significance of abnormality for all *** The study compares laboratory results of blood tests between two variants of the COVID-19 virus–omicron and *** found no significance between the *** results show the need for further research with larger data as well as the need to compare all COVID-19 variants.

关键词： COVID-19 Coronavirus Omicron variant Delta variant

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白鲸

英语画刊(高中版) 2024年第23期 3-5页

作者： herman Melville 成时

《白鲸》是19世纪美国小说家赫尔曼·梅尔维尔的代表作，曾被英国作家毛姆列入“世界文学十大最佳小说”。小说从讲述者以实玛利的角度出发，描写了一场惊险万分的海洋冒险，对现代主义小说和后现代主义小说产生了重大影响。本文节选自...

《白鲸》是19世纪美国小说家赫尔曼·梅尔维尔的代表作，曾被英国作家毛姆列入“世界文学十大最佳小说”。小说从讲述者以实玛利的角度出发，描写了一场惊险万分的海洋冒险，对现代主义小说和后现代主义小说产生了重大影响。本文节选自第三章，讲述了以实玛利出海前的经历。

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