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Factors hindering the degradation of pharmaceuticals from human urine in an iron-activated persulfate system

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第1期135卷 130-148页

作者： Yiruiwen Xie dao Guan Yangfan Deng yugo Sato yu Luo Guanghao Chen Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Water Technology LabHong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control&Treatment of Heavy Metal PollutionThe Hong Kong University of Science&TechnologyHong Kong 999077China

This study investigated the degradation of clofibric acid(CFA),bezafibrate(BZF),and sulfamethoxazole(SMX)in synthetic human urine using a novel mesoporous iron powderactivated persulfate system(mFe-PS system),and identified the factors limiting their degradation in synthetic human urine.A kinetic model was established to expose the radical production in various reaction conditions,and experiments were conducted to verify the modeling *** the phosphate-containing mFe-PS system,the 120 min removal efficiency of CFA decreased from 95.1%to 76.6%as the phosphate concentration increased from 0.32 to 6.45 mmol/L,but recovered to 90.5%when phosphate concentration increased to 16.10 mmol/***,the increased concentration of phosphate from 0.32 to 16.10mmol/L reduced the BZF degradation efficacy from 91.5%to 79.0%,whereas SMX removal improved from 37.3%to 62.9%.The m Fe-PS system containing(bi)carbonate,from 4.20 to166.70 mmol/L,reduced CFA and BZF removal efficiencies from 100%to 76.8%and 80.4%,respectively,and SMX from 83.5%to 56.7%within a 120-min reaction *** addition,alkaline conditions(pH≥8.0)inhibited CFA and BZF degradations,while nonacidic pH(pH≥7.0)remarkably inhibited SMX *** of the kinetic model indicated the formation of phosphate(H_(2)PO_(4)^(·)/HPO_(4)^(·-))and/or carbonate radicals(CO_(3)^(·-))could limit pharmaceutical *** transformation products(TPs)of the pharmaceuticals revealed more incompletely oxidized TPs occurred in the phosphate-and(bi)carbonate-containing m Fe-PS systems,and indicated that H_(2)PO_(4)^(·)/HPO_(4)^(·-)mainly degraded pharmaceuticals via a benzene ring-opening reaction while CO_(3)^(·-)preferentially oxidized pharmaceuticals via a hydroxylation reaction.

关键词： Pharmaceutical degradation Human urine Iron-activated persulfate system Phosphate radicals Carbonate radicals Transformation products

p-d Orbital Hybridization Engineered Single-Atom Catalyst for Electrocatalytic Ammonia Synthesis

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Energy & Environmental Materials 2024年第2期7卷 119-125页

作者： Jingkun yu Xue yong Siyu Lu Green Catalysis Center and College of ChemistryZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450001China Department of Chemistry University of SheffieldSheffieldS37HFUK

The rational design of metal single-atom catalysts(SACs)for electrochemical nitrogen reduction reaction(NRR)is ***-dimensional metal-organic frameworks(2DMOFs)is a unique class of promising *** to now,the roles of individual metals,coordination atoms,and their synergy effect on the electroanalytic performance remain ***,in this work,a series of 2DMOFs with different metals and coordinating atoms are systematically investigated as electrocatalysts for ammonia synthesis using density functional theory *** a specific metal,a proper metal-intermediate atoms p-d orbital hybridization interaction strength is found to be a key indicator for their NRR catalytic *** hybridization interaction strength can be quantitatively described with the p-/d-band center energy difference(Δd-p),which is found to be a sufficient descriptor for both the p-d hybridization strength and the NRR *** maximum free energy change(ΔG_(max))andΔd-p have a volcanic relationship with OsC_(4)(Se)_(4)located at the apex of the volcanic curve,showing the best NRR *** asymmetrical coordination environment could regulate the band structure subtly in terms of band overlap and *** work may shed new light on the application of orbital engineering in electrocatalytic NRR activity and especially promotes the rational design for SACs.

关键词： first-principle calculations Nitrogen reduction p-d orbital hybridization single-atom catalysts

Relation Between the Eventual Continuity and the E-property for Markov-Feller Semigroups

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Acta Mathematicae Applicatae Sinica 2024年第1期40卷 1-16页

作者： yong Liu Zi-yu Liu LMAM School of Mathematical SciencePeking UniversityBeijing100871China

We investigate some relations between two kinds of semigroup regularities, namely the e-property and the eventual continuity, both of which contribute to the ergodicity for Markov processes on Polish *** precisely, we prove that for Markov-Feller semigroup in discrete time and stochastically continuous MarkovFeller semigroup in continuous time, if there exists an ergodic measure whose support has a nonempty interior,then the e-property is satisfied on the interior of the support. In particular, it implies that, restricted on the support of each ergodic measure, the e-property and the eventual continuity are equivalent for the discrete-time and the stochastically continuous continuous-time Markov-Feller semigroups.

关键词： Markov-Feller semigroup ergodicity e-property eventual continuity

Efficient Monolithic Perovskite/Silicon Tandem Photovoltaics

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Energy & Environmental Materials 2024年第3期7卷 268-281页

作者： yong Wang yu Wang Feng Gao Deren Yang State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials and School of Materials Science and Engineering Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310027China ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310014China Department of Physics Chemistry and Biology(IFM)Linköping UniversityLinköping 58183Sweden

Tunable bandgaps make halide perovskites promising candidates for developing tandem solar cells(TSCs),a strategy to break the radiative limit of 33.7%for single-junction solar *** perovskites with market-dominant crystalline silicon(c-Si)is particularly attractive;simple estimates based on the bandgap matching indicate that the efficiency limit in such tandem device is as high as 46%.However,state-of-the-art perovskite/c-Si TSCs only achieve an efficiency of~32.5%,implying significant challenges and also rich *** this review,we start with the operating mechanism and efficiency limit of TSCs,followed by systematical discussions on wide-bandgap perovskite front cells,interface selective contacts,and electrical interconnection layer,as well as photon management for highly efficient perovskite/c-Si *** highlight the challenges in this field and provide our understanding of future research directions toward highly efficient and stable large-scale wide-bandgap perovskite front cells for the commercialization of perovskite/c-Si TSCs.

关键词： 2-terminal electrical interconnection perovskite/silicon tandem photovoltaics photon management wide-bandgap perovskites

How the enhanced East Asian summer monsoon regulates total gross primary production in eastern China

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Advances in Climate Change Research 2024年第2期15卷 244-252页

作者： Ming-yu HAN yong ZHANG Jing PENG China State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather Chinese Academy of Meteorological SciencesBeijing 100081China China Meteorological Administration Institute for Development and Programme Design Beijing 100081China CAS Key Laboratory of Regional Climate-Environment for Temperate East Asia Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)Beijing 100029China

Recognizing the relationship between gross primary production(GPP)and precipitation in eastern China,the East Asian Summer Monsoon(EASM)plays a crucial role in shaping *** confirmation of the strong link between EASM and GPP,there remains a notable research gap in understanding the specific impact of the EASM on GPP in different regions of eastern *** we used simulations from Trends in Net Land-Atmosphere Carbon Exchanges(TRENDY)models from 1951 to 2010 and divided eastern China into five subregions for the *** also used the New East Asian Summer Monsoon Index(NEWI)as a quantitative metric to distinguish between periods of strong and weak *** on this,this study aims to investigate the response of GPP in different subregions of eastern ***,under strengthened EASM years(1954,1957,1965,1969,1977,1980,1983,1987,1993 and 1998),East China experienced the most pronounced increase in GPP at 12±21(mean±1 sigma)gC m^(-2) mon^(-1) compared to the weak EASM years(1958,1961,1972,1973,1978,1981,1985,1994,1997 and 2004).In contrast,Southwest China showed a decline in GPP at-4±10 gC m^(-2) mon^(-1).Moreover,GPP also increased in Northeast and North China when EASM strengthened,while South China showed a decline in *** indicated that GPP changed with monsoon *** to the mechanism analysis,during strong EASM,there was intense moisture convergence through alterations in the atmospheric circulation field over East China and abundant precipitation,which further contributed to the increase in *** solar radiation in Southwest China decreased with EASM enhancement,which suppressed GPP and hindered vegetation ***,the results highlight the importance of accurately predicting the impact of different EASM intensities of regional carbon fluxes.

关键词： Gross primary production Surface air temperature Precipitation Solar radiation Eastern China Carbon cycle

Construction technology for deep tunnels crossing superhigh-temperature fault zones with high water surges

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Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2024年第8期18卷 1267-1280页

作者： yong ZHAO Tingyu ZHU Li yu Ming LU Sichuan–Xizang Railway Co. Ltd.Linzhi 860000China School of Civil Engineering Southwest Jiaotong UniversityChengdu 610036China

The harsh environment in tunnels with high geothermal temperatures and humidity can adversely impact machinery,personnel,and *** main causes of specific problems are the unknown mechanisms of local geothermal formation,inappropriate temperature control measures,and insufficient systematic *** this study,three work sections relating to a high geothermal tunnel are:the tunnel face,middle-of-tunnel section,and outside-oftunnel section.A cooling strategy is proposed to offer technical support in achieving comprehensive cooling,overall as well as for each of the ***,a comprehensive geological survey explores the mechanism and exact location of the heat ***,grouting and centralized drainage measures are used to control the heat release of hot *** ventilation,ice chillers and other applicable measures are used to control the ambient ***,a monitoring and early warning system is established to prevent *** cooling strategy has been applied in the field with good results.

关键词： high geothermal tunnels cooling strategy comprehensive cooling measures safety and security

Integrating remote sensing and 3-PG model to simulate the biomass and carbon stock of Larix olgensis plantation

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Forest Ecosystems 2024年第4期11卷 543-555页

作者： yu Bai yong Pang Dan Kong Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Forestry Remote Sensing and Information System Institute of Forest Resource Information

Accurate estimations of biomass and its temporal dynamics are crucial for monitoring the carbon cycle in forest ecosystems and assessing forest carbon sequestration *** studies have shown that integrating process-based models(PBMs)with remote sensing data can enhance simulations from stand to regional scales,significantly improving the ability to simulate forest growth and carbon stock ***,the utilization of PBMs for large-scale simulation of larch carbon storage distribution is still *** this study,we applied the parameterized 3-PG(Physiological Principles Predicting Growth)model across the Mengjiagang Forest Farm(MFF)to make broad-scale predictions of the biomass and carbon stocks of Larix olgensis *** model was used to simulate average diameter at breast height(DBH)and total biomass,which were later validated with a wide range of observation data including sample plot data,forest management inventory data,and airborne laser scanning *** results showed that the 3-PG model had relatively high accuracy for predicting both DBH and total biomass at stand and regional scale,with determination coefficients ranging from 0.78 to *** on the estimation of total biomass,we successfully produced a carbon stock map of the Larix olgensis plantation in MFF with a spatial resolution of 20 m,which helps with relevant management *** findings indicate that the integration of 3-PG model and remote sensing data can well predict the biomass and carbon stock at regional and even larger *** addition,this integration facilitates the evaluation of forest carbon sequestration capacity and the development of forest management plans.

关键词： 3-PG model Larch Biomass Carbon stock ALS

In situ crosslink polymerization induced long-lived multicolor supramolecular hydrogel based on modifiedβ-cyclodextrin

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2024年第2期35卷 374-379页

作者： yonghui Sun Linnan Jiang yong Chen yu Liu College of Chemistry State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry Nankai UniversityTianjin 300071China

The construction of hydrogels with good mechanical properties and phosphorescent properties is full of ***,we report a supramolecular phosphorescent hydrogel with long lifetime,high tensile strength and self-healing property,which can be easily constructed through in-situ thermalinitiated polymerization of isocyanatoethyl acrylate-modifiedβ-cyclodextrin(β-CD-DA)and acrylatemodified adamantane(Ad-DA),acrylic acid(AA),followed by the non-covalent association with carbon dots(CNDs).The lifetime of phosphorescent hydrogel can reach 1261 ms at room temperature,and the quantum yield is 11%.Importantly,through the efficient triplet to singlet Förster resonance energy transfer(TS-FRET),the phosphorescent hydrogel shows the good phosphorescence energy transfer property for organic dyes Rhodamine B and Eosin Y with the delayed fluorescence lifetime up to 730 ms and 585 ms as well as the energy transfer efficiency(Φ_(ET))up to 99.9%and 99.3%,***,owing to the host-guest interactions betweenβ-CD-DA and Ad-DA,the three-dimensional cross-linked network phosphorescent hydrogel can be easily stretched to 18 times of its original length,and can achieve self-healing of the cut surfaces within 30 *** results will expand the scope of phosphorescent materials and provide new ideas and opportunities for materials science.

关键词： Room temperature phosphorescence Hydrogel Phosphorescence energy transfer Cyclodextrin Supramolecular interaction

Dynamic Update Scheme of Spectrum Information Based on Spectrum Opportunity Incentive in the Database-Assisted Dynamic Spectrum Management

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China Communications 2024年第3期21卷 75-90页

作者： Zhang yu Chen yong He Panfeng Cai yueming Sixty-third Research Institute National University of Defense TechnologyNanjing 210007China College of Communications Engineering Army of Engineering UniversityNanjing 210007China

To solve the problem of delayed update of spectrum information(SI) in the database assisted dynamic spectrum management(DB-DSM), this paper studies a novel dynamic update scheme of SI in DB-DSM. Firstly, a dynamic update mechanism of SI based on spectrum opportunity incentive is established, in which spectrum users are encouraged to actively assist the database to update SI in real time. Secondly, the information update contribution(IUC) of spectrum opportunity is defined to describe the cost of accessing spectrum opportunity for heterogeneous spectrum users, and the profit of SI update obtained by the database from spectrum allocation. The process that the database determines the IUC of spectrum opportunity and spectrum user selects spectrum opportunity is mapped to a Hotelling model. Thirdly, the process of determining the IUC of spectrum opportunities is further modelled as a Stackelberg game by establishing multiple virtual spectrum resource providers(VSRPs) in the database. It is proved that there is a Nash Equilibrium in the game of determining the IUC of spectrum opportunities by VSRPs. Finally, an algorithm of determining the IUC based on a genetic algorithm is designed to achieve the optimal IUC. The-oretical analysis and simulation results show that the proposed method can quickly find the optimal solution of the IUC, and ensure that the spectrum resource provider can obtain the optimal profit of SI update.

关键词： database-assisted dynamic spectrum management Hotelling information updating contribution spectrum information updating Stackelberg