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Overexpression of a Potato Sucrose Synthase Gene in Cotton Accelerates Leaf Expansion, Reduces Seed Abortion, and Enhances Fiber Production

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Molecular Plant 2012年第2期5卷 430-441页

作者： Shou-Min Xu Elizabeth Brill danny j. llewellyn Robert T. Furbank Yong-Ling Ruan CSIRO Plant Industry GPO Box 1600 Canberra ACT 2601 Australia School of Environmental and Life Sciences University of Newcastle Newcastle NSW 2308 Australia

Sucrose synthase （Sus） is a key enzyme in the breakdown of sucrose and is considered a biochemical marker for sink strength, especially in crop species, based on mutational and gene suppression studies. It remains elusive, however, whether, or to what extent, increase in Sus activity may enhance sink development. We aimed to address this question by expressing a potato Sus gene in cotton where Sus expression has been previously shown to be critical for normal seed and fiber development. Segregation analyses at T1 generation followed by studies in homozygous progeny lines revealed that increased Sus activity in cotton （1） enhanced leaf expansion with the effect evident from young leaves emerging from shoot apex; （2） improved early seed development, which reduced seed abortion, hence enhanced seed set, and （3） promoted fiber elongation. In young leaves of Sus overexpressing lines, fructose concentrations were significantly increased whereas, in elongating fibers, both fructose and glucose levels were increased. Since hexoses contribute little to osmolality in leaves, in contrast to developing fibers, it is concluded that high Sus activity promotes leaf development independently of osmotic regulation, probably through sugar signaling. The analyses also showed that doubling the Sus activity in 0-d cotton seeds increased their fresh weight by about 30%. However, further increase in Sus activity did not lead to any further increase in seed weight, indicating an upper limit for the Sus overexpression effect. Finally, based on the observed additive effect on fiber yield from increased fiber length and seed number, a new strategy is proposed to increase cotton fiber yield by improving seed development as a whole, rather than solely focusing on manipulating fiber growth.

关键词： cotton fiber invertase leaf expansion seed abortion seed development sucrose synthase sugar signaling.

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Polysaccharide composition during cotton seed fibre development:temporal differences between species and in different seasons

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j.urnal of Cotton Research 2022年第4期5卷 12-24页

作者： PETTOLINO Filomena A. YULIA Dina BACIC Antony llewellyn danny j. Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation(CSIRO) Agri-culture and FoodCanberraACT 2601Australia Department of Animal Plant&Soil SciencesLa Trobe Institute for Agriculture and FoodLa Trobe UniversityAgriBio BuildingBundooraVIC 3083Australia

Background:Cotton seed fibres are long single-celled epidermal trichomes that first appear on the surface of the ovule at anthesis and then elongate rapidly over a period of 15-25 days until a secondary cell wall(SCW)begins to develop through a rapid increase in the deposition of microfibrillar cellulose between the plasma membrane and the primary cell wall that eventually terminates *** measurements of the different polysaccharide components in both wall types over time and how they influence fibre quality can direct studies involved in enhanc-ing fibre properties for yarn quality through cell wall manipulation or molecular ***:A detailed chemical analysis of cell wall composition by differential solvent fractionation was used to identify the range of polysaccharides present in mature cotton fibres and used to validate a simpler total cell wall monosaccharide linkage analysis protocol for wall compositional *** of fibres from 5 days post-anthesis through maturity for three cultivated species,Gossypium hirsutum,***,and ***,showed the dynamic nature of cell wall polysaccharide composition through fibre development and that it progressed differently for each *** grown in the glasshouse during either autumn to winter or spring to summer and within each species had fibre qualities and temporal aspects of cell wall development that were different for each ***,the timing of the deposition of the SCW was delayed in winter grown plants and appeared to influence key fibre qual-ity ***:These results suggest that the temporal aspects of cell wall polysaccharide biogenesis during fibre development influence final fibre quality,and this timing is determined by both genetic and environmental *** onset of SCW synthesis appears to be a critical factor coinciding with termination of fibre elongation and specify-ing the duration of wall thickening that then affects fibre le

关键词： Fibre development Gossypium hirsutum Gossypium barbadense Gossypium arboreum

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Does Global Agriculture Need Another Green Revolution？

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Engineering 2018年第4期4卷 449-451页

作者： danny llewellyn Chief Research Scientist of CSIRO Agriculture and Food Fellow of the Australian Academy of Technology and Engineering Australia

1.引言科学和技术是社会变革的历史驱动力,这些变革大多是有益的,但有时会产生意想不到的(通常是环境方面的)后果,其中一些后果我们目前仍在努力应对。18世纪和19世纪的工业革命,带来的以化石燃料为动力的采矿和制造业机械化发展,以及... 详细信息

1.引言科学和技术是社会变革的历史驱动力,这些变革大多是有益的,但有时会产生意想不到的(通常是环境方面的)后果,其中一些后果我们目前仍在努力应对。18世纪和19世纪的工业革命,带来的以化石燃料为动力的采矿和制造业机械化发展,以及航运和陆路运输的快速发展,导致城市化和人口不断增长。即使在18世纪,人口增长率也显然不能保持稳定。随着城市人口的增多和耕地的减少,除非农业生产率能够跟上发展的步伐。

关键词：科学技术发展现状现代农业技术创新

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A numerical Hartree self-consistent field calculation of an autoionization resonance parameters for a doubly excited 2s^2, 3s^2, and 4s^2 states of He atom with a complex absorbing potential

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Chinese Physics B 2017年第8期26卷 114-122页

作者： Tsogbayar Tsednee danny L Yeager Department of Chemistry Texas A & M University College Station

The self-consistent Hartree-Fock equation for the He atom is solved using the pseudospectral method. The Feshbach- type autoionization resonance parameters for doubly excited 2s2, 3s2, and 4s2 IS states of He have been determined by adding a complex absorbing potential to the Hamiltonian. The Riss-Meyer iterative and Pad6 extrapolation methods are applied to obtain reliable values for the autoionization resonance parameters, which are compared to previous results in the literature.

关键词： self-consistent field Hartree-Fock equation helium autoionization pseudospectral method

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The next generation models for crops and agro-ecosystems

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2011年第3期54卷 589-597页

作者： THOLEN danny Plant Systems Biology Group CAS-MPG Partner Institute and Key Laboratory for Computational BiologyShanghai Institutes for Biological SciencesChinese Academy of Sciences

Growth in population, decrease in arable land area, and change in climate are endangering our food security. Precision agriculture has the potential to increase crop productivity thorough tailored agricultural practices for different growing areas. Many models of crops and agro-ecosystems capable of predicting interaction between plants and environments have been developed for precision agriculture. Currently, there are several representative categories of crop and agro-ecosystem models, including the de Wit school models, the DSSAT series models and the APSIM series models, which have contributed substantially to improvement of agricultural practices. However, these models are weak in predicting performances of crops under environmental and genetic perturbations are generally weak, which severely limits the application of these models in guiding precision agriculture. We need to develop the next generation crop and agro-ecosystems models with a high level of mechanistic basis, which can be integrated with high throughput data and can predict the heterogeneity of environmental factors inside canopy and dynamic canopy photosynthesis. In developing such a model close collaboration is inevitably required among scientists from different disciplines. The successful development and application of such models will undoubtedly advance precision agriculture through providing better agronomical practices tailored for different growing environments. These models will also form a basis to identify breeding targets for increased productivity at given location with given soil and climatic conditions.

关键词： crop models ecosystem models crop yields nonlinear analysis photosynthesis

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Minimally invasive spleen-preserving distal pancreatectomy: Does splenic vessel preservation have better postoperative outcomes? A systematic review and meta-analysis

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2015年第4期14卷 346-353页

作者： Fady Elabbasy Rahul Gadde Mena M Hanna danny Sleeman Alan Livingstone danny Yakoub Division of Surgical Oncology Department of Surgery Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center University of Miami-Miller School of Medicine

BACKGROUND： Minimally invasive spleen-preserving distal pancreatectomy （SPDP） can be performed with either splenic vessel preservation （SVP） or resection [Warshaw procedure （WP）]. The aim of this study was to evaluate the postoperative clinical outcomes of patients undergoing both methods. DATA SOURCES： Database search of PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Cochrane, and Google Scholar was performed （2000-2014）; key bibliographies were reviewed. Qualified studies compar- ing patients undergoing SPDP with either SVP or WP, and as- sessing postoperative complications were included. Calculated pooled risk ratio （RR） with the corresponding 95% confidence interval （CI） by random effects methods were used in the meta-analyses. RESULTS： The search yielded 215 studies, of which only 14 observational studies met our selection criteria. The studies included 943 patients in total; 652 （69%） underwent SVP and 291 （31%） underwent WP. Overall, there was a lower incidence of splenic infarction （RR=0.17; 95% Ch 0.09-0.33; P〈0.001）, gastric varices （RR=0.16; 95% Ch 0.05-0.51; P=0.002）, and intra/postoperative splenectomy （RR=0.20; 95% Ch 0.08-0.49; P〈0.001） in the SVP group. There was no difference in in- cidence of pancreatic fistula （WP vs SVP, 23.6% vs 22.9%;P=0.37）, length of hospital stay, operative time or blood loss. There was moderate cross-study heterogeneity. CONCLUSIONS： SVP is a safe, efficient and feasible technique that may be used to preserve the spleen. WP may be more suit- able for large tumors dose to the splenic hilum or those associ- ated with splenomegaly. Randomized clinical trials are j.stified to examine the long-term benefits of SVP-SPDP.

关键词： splenic infarction spleen-preserving distal pancreatectomy splenic vessel preservation Warshaw procedure gastric varices

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Biofilter:a promising tool for mitigating methane emission from manure storage

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j.urnal of Arid Land 2011年第1期3卷 61-70页

作者： Nazim CICEK danny MANN Department of Biosystems Engineering University of Manitoba

Liquid manure storage may contribute to methane （CH4） emission and this emission can be greatly reduced if appropriate management practices are applied. Biofiltration has been used in other fields for mitigating greenhouse gas （GHG） emission （e.g., landfill） and shown promise for mitigation OH4 emis- sion from liquid manure storage. It has been reported that biofilter was capable of reducing 80% of CH4 emissions from manure storage. The OH4 removal efficiency is influenced by many factors, including OH4 and 02 concentrations, temperature, moisture, composition of the filter bed, nutrient, and empty bed resi- dency time （EBRT）. Biological conversion of methane of a biofilter is a slow process due to the low water solubility of methane. The residence times （EBRT） between 5 min and 5 h have been used, whereas a typical EBRT of 25 s is used for common biofilter applications. Temperature at which methanotrophic bac- teria are active ranges from 10℃ to 45℃. The maximum activity is found at around 30℃. The optimal filter bed water content depends on both the gas flow rate and the type of filter bed （soil, compost, etc.） and ranges from 30%-70% of the water holding capacity. Compost is the best material for filter bed. The optimal pH for methanotrophic bacteria is neutral to slightly acidic. Copper and nitrogen compounds especially nitrate are important nutrients to methanotrophic bacteria but their optimal concentrations have not been founded. Phosphorus and other elements such as potassium and manganese are reported to affect the performance of methanotrophic bacteria but need further confirmation.

关键词： biofilter greenhouse gas methane manure storage

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Modeling multicomponent ion transport to investigate selective ion removal in electrodialysis

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Environmental Science and Ecotechnology 2020年第1期1卷 48-56页

作者： Soraya Honarparvar danny Reible Department of Chemical Engineering Texas Tech UniversityLubbockTX79409-3121USA Department of Civil Environmentaland Construction EngineeringTexas Tech UniversityLubbockTX79409-1023USA

A 2-dimensional multicomponent ion transport model based on Nernst-Planck(NP)equation and electroneutrality assumption is developed for an electrodialysis(ED)cell operated in the ohmic *** flow in channels are assumed incompressible,isothermal,and *** equilibrium and flux continuity are considered at ionexchange membrane(IEM)-solution *** account for tortuosity effects inside membranes,effective ionic diffusion coefficients are calculated using membranes water volume *** developed multicomponent model is used to elucidate the effects of feed solution properties,cell properties,system hydrodynamics,operational conditions,and membrane properties on selective divalent ion removal in the *** results indicate that the selective removal of divalent ions improves with decreasing the cell length,imposed potential,and ionic strength of feed *** mixing in spacer-filled cell also promotes selective divalent ion *** concentrations of fixed charges on the membranes results in greater selectivity toward divalent ions at short cell length and low imposed *** equal concentrations of fixed charges,membranes with high water content are less favorable for selective divalent ion *** developed framework enables the optimum selection of cell design,IEMs,spacer design,and operational conditions to selectively remove ions from multicomponent solutions.

关键词： Electrodialysis Ion transport modeling Multicomponent solution Selective ion removal Scale precipitation

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Plausibility in Early Stages of Architectural Design: A New Tool for High-Rise Residential Buildings

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Tsinghua Science and Technology 2009年第3期14卷 327-332页

作者： Dirk Donath danny Lobos Chair of Computer Science in Architecture Faculty of Architecture Bauhaus-UniversityWeimar 99423 Germany

This paper analyzes the problem of the design of envelopes for high-rise isolated residential buildings. The phenomenon of envelope creation appears in the early stages of the architectural design. Variables that influence the final shape and size of such envelopes are then identified. This paper presents the state-of-the-art tools for the current solutions at the commercial and academic/scientific level. The variables identified in this research are the client＇s needs, the urban code and architectural practice, and their specific components for the final creation of a new decision support system tool based on the building information modeling （BIM） software platform, to facilitate the work in the proj.ct development and drawing production stages. This tool generates several options for building envelopes according to the parameters required by the city Zoning Planning Commission. These options then lead to deliver reliable data and a geometry that can be analyzed in a timely fashion by the engineers, builders, architects, government, and clients in the early stages of the building＇s design. The results show that use of specific information and communication technologies （ICT） tools in the early stages of a building design helps reduce the working time, increases confidence in the generated solution, and contributes to the exploration of alternatives in a short period of time.

关键词： constraint based design parametric programming urban modeling optimization architectural design

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Automated calculation and convergence of defect transport tensors

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npj.Computational Materials 2020年第1期6卷 89-95页

作者： Thomas D.Swinburne danny Perez Aix-Marseille Université CNRSCINaM UMR 7325Campus de LuminyMarseille 13288France Theoretical Division T-1 Los Alamos National LaboratoryLos AlamosNM 87545USA

Defect diffusion is a key process in materials science and catalysis,but as migration mechanisms are often too complex to enumerate a priori,calculation of transport tensors typically have no measure of convergence and require significant end-user *** two bottlenecks prevent high-throughput implementations essential to propagate model-form uncertainty from interatomic interactions to predictive *** order to address these issues,we extend a massively parallel accelerated sampling scheme,autonomously controlled by Bayesian estimators of statewide sampling completeness,to build atomistic kinetic Monte Carlo models on a state-space irreducible under exchange and space group *** on isolated defects,we derive analytic expressions for drift and diffusion coefficients,providing a convergence metric by calculating the Kullback–Leibler divergence across the ensemble of diffusion processes consistent with the sampling *** autonomy and efficacy of the method is demonstrated on surface trimers in tungsten and Hexa-interstitials in magnesium oxide,both of which exhibit complex,correlated migration mechanisms.

关键词： convergence diffusion calculation

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