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The next generation models for crops and agro-ecosystems

Science China(Information Sciences) 2011年第3期54卷 589-597页

作者： THOLEN danny Plant Systems Biology Group CAS-MPG Partner Institute and Key Laboratory for Computational BiologyShanghai Institutes for Biological SciencesChinese Academy of Sciences

Growth in population, decrease in arable land area, and change in climate are endangering our food security. Precision agriculture has the potential to increase crop productivity thorough tailored agricultural practices for different growing areas. Many models of crops and agro-ecosystems capable of predicting interaction between plants and environments have been developed for precision agriculture. Currently, there are several representative categories of crop and agro-ecosystem models, including the de Wit school models, the DSSAT series models and the APSIM series models, which have contributed substantially to improvement of agricultural practices. However, these models are weak in predicting performances of crops under environmental and genetic perturbations are generally weak, which severely limits the application of these models in guiding precision agriculture. We need to develop the next generation crop and agro-ecosystems models with a high level of mechanistic basis, which can be integrated with high throughput data and can predict the heterogeneity of environmental factors inside canopy and dynamic canopy photosynthesis. In developing such a model close collaboration is inevitably required among scientists from different disciplines. The successful development and application of such models will undoubtedly advance precision agriculture through providing better agronomical practices tailored for different growing environments. These models will also form a basis to identify breeding targets for increased productivity at given location with given soil and climatic conditions.

关键词： crop models ecosystem models crop yields nonlinear analysis photosynthesis

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Supramolecular approaches for insulin stabilization without prolonged duration of action

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2023年第5期13卷 2281-2290页

作者： Rolande Meudom Yanxian Zhang Michael A.VandenBerg Lei Zou Yi Wolf Zhang Matthew J.Webber danny Hung-Chieh Chou Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes Department of PediatricsSchool of MedicineStanford UniversityPalo AltoCA 94305USA Department of Biochemistry School of MedicineUniversity of UtahSalt Lake CityUT 84112USA Department of Chemical Engineering University of Notre DameNotre DameIN 46556USA

Aggregation represents a significant challenge for the long-term formulation stability of insulin *** supramolecular PEGylation of insulin with conjugates of cucurbit[7]uril and polyethylene glycol(CB[7]-PEG)has been shown to stabilize insulin formulations by reducing aggregation *** prolonged in vivo duration of action,arising from sustained complex formation in the subcutaneous depot,limits the application scope for meal-time insulin uses and could increase hypoglycemic risk several hours after a *** affinity of CB[7]in binding the B1-Phe residue on insulin is central to supramolecular PEGylation using this ***,here we synthesized N-terminal acid-modified insulin analogs to reduce CB[7]interaction affinity at physiological pH and reduce the duration of action by decreasing the subcutaneous depot effect of the *** insulin analogs show weak to no interaction with CB[7]-PEG at physiological pH but demonstrate high formulation stability at reduced ***,N-terminal modified analogs have in vitro and in vivo bioactivity comparable to native ***,in a rat model of diabetes,the acid-modified insulin formulated with CB[7]-PEG offers a reduced duration of action compared to native insulin formulated with CB[7]-*** work extends the application of supramolecular PEGylation of insulin to achieve enhanced stability while reducing the risks arising from a subcutaneous depot effect prolonging in vivo duration of action.

关键词： Diabetes mellitus Insulin aggregation Supramolecular PEGylation Selective N-Terminal modification N-terminal acid-modified insulin Subcutaneous depot Hypoglycemia Subcutaneous administration

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Minimally invasive spleen-preserving distal pancreatectomy: Does splenic vessel preservation have better postoperative outcomes? A systematic review and meta-analysis

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2015年第4期14卷 346-353页

作者： Fady Elabbasy Rahul Gadde Mena M Hanna danny Sleeman Alan Livingstone danny Yakoub Division of Surgical Oncology Department of Surgery Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center University of Miami-Miller School of Medicine

BACKGROUND： Minimally invasive spleen-preserving distal pancreatectomy （SPDP） can be performed with either splenic vessel preservation （SVP） or resection [Warshaw procedure （WP）]. The aim of this study was to evaluate the postoperative clinical outcomes of patients undergoing both methods. DATA SOURCES： Database search of PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Cochrane, and Google Scholar was performed （2000-2014）; key bibliographies were reviewed. Qualified studies compar- ing patients undergoing SPDP with either SVP or WP, and as- sessing postoperative complications were included. Calculated pooled risk ratio （RR） with the corresponding 95% confidence interval （CI） by random effects methods were used in the meta-analyses. RESULTS： The search yielded 215 studies, of which only 14 observational studies met our selection criteria. The studies included 943 patients in total; 652 （69%） underwent SVP and 291 （31%） underwent WP. Overall, there was a lower incidence of splenic infarction （RR=0.17; 95% Ch 0.09-0.33; P〈0.001）, gastric varices （RR=0.16; 95% Ch 0.05-0.51; P=0.002）, and intra/postoperative splenectomy （RR=0.20; 95% Ch 0.08-0.49; P〈0.001） in the SVP group. There was no difference in in- cidence of pancreatic fistula （WP vs SVP, 23.6% vs 22.9%;P=0.37）, length of hospital stay, operative time or blood loss. There was moderate cross-study heterogeneity. CONCLUSIONS： SVP is a safe, efficient and feasible technique that may be used to preserve the spleen. WP may be more suit- able for large tumors dose to the splenic hilum or those associ- ated with splenomegaly. Randomized clinical trials are justified to examine the long-term benefits of SVP-SPDP.

关键词： splenic infarction spleen-preserving distal pancreatectomy splenic vessel preservation Warshaw procedure gastric varices

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Bacillus subtilis produces(p)ppGpp in response to the bacteriostatic antibiotic chloramphenicol to prevent its potential bactericidal effect

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mLife 2022年第2期1卷 101-113页

作者： Jin Yang Jessica T.Barra danny K.Fung Jue D.Wang Department of Bacteriology University of WisconsinMadisonUSA

Antibiotics combat bacteria through their bacteriostatic(by growth inhibition)or bactericidal(by killing bacteria)***,it has been proposed that bactericidal antibiotics trigger cellular damage,while bacteriostatic antibiotics suppress cellular ***,we demonstrate how the difference between bacteriostatic and bactericidal activities of the antibiotic chloramphenicol can be attributed to an antibiotic-induced bacterial protective response:the stringent *** targets the ribosome to inhibit the growth of the Gram-positive bacterium Bacillus ***,we found that chloramphenicol becomes bactericidal in *** mutants unable to produce(p)*** observed a similar(p)ppGpp-dependent bactericidal effect of chloramphenicol in the Gram-positive pathogen Enterococcus *** ***,chloramphenicol treatment induces(p)ppGpp accumulation through the action of the(p)ppGpp synthetase RelA.(p)ppGpp subsequently depletes the intracellular concentration of GTP and antagonizes GTP *** GTP regulation is critical for preventing chloramphenicol from killing ***,as bypassing(p)ppGpp-dependent GTP regulation potentiates chloramphenicol killing,while reducing GTP synthesis increases ***,chloramphenicol treatment protects cells from the classical bactericidal antibiotic vancomycin,reminiscent of the clinical phenomenon of antibiotic *** together,our findings suggest a role of(p)ppGpp in the control of the bacteriostatic and bactericidal activity of antibiotics in Gram-positive bacteria,which can be exploited to potentiate the efficacy of existing antibiotics.

关键词： antibiotic tolerance bactericidal antibiotic bacteriostatic antibiotic GTP (p)ppGpp

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Biofilter:a promising tool for mitigating methane emission from manure storage

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Journal of Arid Land 2011年第1期3卷 61-70页

作者： Nazim CICEK danny MANN Department of Biosystems Engineering University of Manitoba

Liquid manure storage may contribute to methane （CH4） emission and this emission can be greatly reduced if appropriate management practices are applied. Biofiltration has been used in other fields for mitigating greenhouse gas （GHG） emission （e.g., landfill） and shown promise for mitigation OH4 emis- sion from liquid manure storage. It has been reported that biofilter was capable of reducing 80% of CH4 emissions from manure storage. The OH4 removal efficiency is influenced by many factors, including OH4 and 02 concentrations, temperature, moisture, composition of the filter bed, nutrient, and empty bed resi- dency time （EBRT）. Biological conversion of methane of a biofilter is a slow process due to the low water solubility of methane. The residence times （EBRT） between 5 min and 5 h have been used, whereas a typical EBRT of 25 s is used for common biofilter applications. Temperature at which methanotrophic bac- teria are active ranges from 10℃ to 45℃. The maximum activity is found at around 30℃. The optimal filter bed water content depends on both the gas flow rate and the type of filter bed （soil, compost, etc.） and ranges from 30%-70% of the water holding capacity. Compost is the best material for filter bed. The optimal pH for methanotrophic bacteria is neutral to slightly acidic. Copper and nitrogen compounds especially nitrate are important nutrients to methanotrophic bacteria but their optimal concentrations have not been founded. Phosphorus and other elements such as potassium and manganese are reported to affect the performance of methanotrophic bacteria but need further confirmation.

关键词： biofilter greenhouse gas methane manure storage

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Plausibility in Early Stages of Architectural Design: A New Tool for High-Rise Residential Buildings

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Tsinghua Science and Technology 2009年第3期14卷 327-332页

作者： Dirk Donath danny Lobos Chair of Computer Science in Architecture Faculty of Architecture Bauhaus-UniversityWeimar 99423 Germany

This paper analyzes the problem of the design of envelopes for high-rise isolated residential buildings. The phenomenon of envelope creation appears in the early stages of the architectural design. Variables that influence the final shape and size of such envelopes are then identified. This paper presents the state-of-the-art tools for the current solutions at the commercial and academic/scientific level. The variables identified in this research are the client＇s needs, the urban code and architectural practice, and their specific components for the final creation of a new decision support system tool based on the building information modeling （BIM） software platform, to facilitate the work in the project development and drawing production stages. This tool generates several options for building envelopes according to the parameters required by the city Zoning Planning Commission. These options then lead to deliver reliable data and a geometry that can be analyzed in a timely fashion by the engineers, builders, architects, government, and clients in the early stages of the building＇s design. The results show that use of specific information and communication technologies （ICT） tools in the early stages of a building design helps reduce the working time, increases confidence in the generated solution, and contributes to the exploration of alternatives in a short period of time.

关键词： constraint based design parametric programming urban modeling optimization architectural design

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Automated calculation and convergence of defect transport tensors

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npj Computational Materials 2020年第1期6卷 89-95页

作者： Thomas D.Swinburne danny Perez Aix-Marseille Université CNRSCINaM UMR 7325Campus de LuminyMarseille 13288France Theoretical Division T-1 Los Alamos National LaboratoryLos AlamosNM 87545USA

Defect diffusion is a key process in materials science and catalysis,but as migration mechanisms are often too complex to enumerate a priori,calculation of transport tensors typically have no measure of convergence and require significant end-user *** two bottlenecks prevent high-throughput implementations essential to propagate model-form uncertainty from interatomic interactions to predictive *** order to address these issues,we extend a massively parallel accelerated sampling scheme,autonomously controlled by Bayesian estimators of statewide sampling completeness,to build atomistic kinetic Monte Carlo models on a state-space irreducible under exchange and space group *** on isolated defects,we derive analytic expressions for drift and diffusion coefficients,providing a convergence metric by calculating the Kullback–Leibler divergence across the ensemble of diffusion processes consistent with the sampling *** autonomy and efficacy of the method is demonstrated on surface trimers in tungsten and Hexa-interstitials in magnesium oxide,both of which exhibit complex,correlated migration mechanisms.

关键词： convergence diffusion calculation

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Issues with Tropical and Temperate Ensilage Protein and Amino Acid Feeds Utilization: A Research Note

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Agricultural Sciences 2022年第11期13卷 1177-1185页

作者： danny Agustin Flores Skye Blue Internet Port Coquitlam Brit. Columbia Canada

Alfalfa protein breakdown was to soluble NPN of oligopeptide-N, AA-N, amide-N, amine-N and NH3-N. Acidity (pH) and moisture (Aw) are critical in determining extent of fermentation and changes in composition. Further changes in digestive flows and post-prandial plasma AA are indicators of protein status. Dual-purpose cropping and tree plant cropping was with ensiling management of the undergrowth. On-farm field-drying and probiotic additives are promising. It is suggested acidity with propionic acid and microbial inoculants together with field-drying and chop length are required to optimize profile qualities in silage. It is proposed use of denaturing with acid and dust cropping with a hypothetical PNA-Auxin repressor to plant protease. Further study with field-drying to follow is needed. Feeding HIS, ARG and LEU AA supplement to change GRH and GH profiles could be used to promote LBM in production. Dual-purpose cropping can expand subsistence to mixed farming with expanded livestock products and services and resources. PNA-Auxin and PNA-ARF penetrates the plant shoot tips to deliver a TF mRNA to boost proteins in residual cell tissues. Ensiled % AA-N delivery per os to per duodenum was higher;yet total AA-N flow was higher in the control. It is suggested that “bulk” flow was less but with a “tighter” conversion on TAA. FAA was 145% higher in the ensiled versus the fresh control indicating the ENU with less PFAA supplied. FAA on the ensiled diet is high inferred to be more soluble and escape lower from the rumen. WSC are less supplied in fermented forage with VFA being lower and presenting the question whether WSC should be supplied for energy and also with EFE through breaking down of polymers of lignocellulose. It was surmised, although not known, that higher dilution rate (% hr-1) was true on the fresh diet compared to the ensiled although end-products may initially detract with feed but that further digestion in the fresh feed may be higher with intake

关键词： Silage Protein Degradation Duodenal Amino Acid Flows Plasma Amino Acids Protein Utilization

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The Crocus

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小学生时代（大嘴英语） 2023年第2期 26-27页

作者： danny Resner Holly Berry(图) 不详

I snooze and lie low But when baby bird sings,I pop green through snow,“Hello,spring!Hello!”My petals burst bright Purple through white,Then baby rabbit cries,“Good-bye,cold!Good-bye!”

关键词： spring rabbit white

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Some Classes of Bounded Sets in Quasi-Metric Spaces

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Advances in Pure Mathematics 2022年第12期12卷 701-714页

作者： danny Mukonda Levy Kahyata Matindih Edwin Moyo School of Science and Technology Rusangu University Monze Monze Zambia Department of Mathematics and Statistics Mulungushi University Kabwe Zambia

This note deals with some classes of bounded subsets in a quasi-metric space. We study and compare the bounded sets, totally-bounded sets and the Bourbaki-bounded sets on quasi metric spaces. For example, we show that in a quasi-metric space, a set may be bounded but not totally bounded. In addition, we investigate their bornologies as well as their relationships with each other. For example, given a compatible quasi-metric, we intend to give some necessary and sufficient conditions for which a quasi metric bornology coincides with the bornology of totally bounded sets, the bornology of bourbaki bounded sets and bornology of bourbaki bounded subsets.

关键词： Quasi-Metric-Boundedness Totally Boundedness Bourbaki Boundedness Bornology

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