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Journal of Green Building 2020年第4期15卷 201-234页

作者： Tom Collins daniel Overbey of Architecture Ball State UniversityMuncieIN.

This paper discusses the context,pedagogical approach,and design outcomes of two net-zero energy residential design projects completed by graduate architecture stu-dents as part of a comprehensive design studio course and submitted to the 2018 and 2020 USDOE Race to Zero/Solar Decathlon Design Challenge *** competition aims to give students real-word experience designing high-performance buildings by encouraging collaboration,involving community partners,and requir-ing a high degree of technical design *** within the competi-tion parameters,two teams at Ball State University worked with outside partners to identify vacant/abandoned homes as a significant problem for rust-belt Indiana com-munities,and then focused their design efforts on high-performance retrofits of two blighted homes in Muncie and *** project will be described in detail and the implications of the 2018 project on the 2020 project will be *** paper will demonstrate that adaptive reuse projects can be used to engage students in context-specific challenges and to meet stringent high-performance design targets and thresholds.(162)

关键词： Adaptive reuse Zero/Solar Decathlon Design Challenge high performance retrofits urban single-family planning urban and community renewal

Image resizing by reconstruction from deep features

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Computational Visual Media 2021年第4期7卷 453-466页

作者： Dov Danon Moab Arar daniel Cohen-Or Ariel Shamir Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv69978Israel The Interdisciplinary Center Herzliya Herzliya4610101

Traditional image resizing methods usually work in pixel space and use various saliency *** challenge is to adjust the image shape while trying to preserve important *** this paper we perform image resizing in feature space using the deep layers of a neural network containing rich important semantic *** directly adjust the image feature maps,extracted from a pre-trained classification network,and reconstruct the resized image using neuralnetwork based *** novel approach leverages the hierarchical encoding of the network,and in particular,the high-level discriminative power of its deeper layers,that can recognize semantic regions and objects,thereby allowing maintenance of their aspect *** use of reconstruction from deep features results in less noticeable artifacts than use of imagespace resizing *** evaluate our method on benchmarks,compare it to alternative approaches,and demonstrate its strengths on challenging images.

关键词： image retargeting reconstruction deep seam carving image resizing

Near-field terahertz nonlinear optics with blue light

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Light(Science & Applications) 2023年第5期12卷 838-846页

作者： Angela Pizzuto Pingchuan Ma daniel M.Mittleman Department of Physics Brown UniversityProvidence RI 02912USA School of Engineering Brown UniversityProvidence RI 02912USA

The coupling of terahertz optical techniques to scattering-type scanning near-field microscopy(s-SNOM)has recently emerged as a valuable new paradigm for probing the properties of semiconductors and other materials on the *** have demonstrated a family of related techniques,including terahertz nanoscopy(elastic scattering,based on linear optics),time-resolved methods,and nanoscale terahertz emission ***,as with nearly all examples of s-SNOM since the technique’s inception in the mid-1990s,the wavelength of the optical source coupled to the near-field tip is long,usually at energies of 2.5 eV or *** in coupling of shorter wavelengths(i.e.,blue light)to the nanotip has greatly inhibited the study of nanoscale phenomena in wide bandgap materials such as Si and ***,we describe the first experimental demonstration of s-SNOM using blue *** femtosecond pulses at 410 nm,we generate terahertz pulses directly from bulk silicon,spatially resolved with nanoscale resolution,and show that these signals provide spectroscopic information that cannot be obtained using near-infrared *** develop a new theoretical framework to account for this nonlinear interaction,which enables accurate extraction of material *** work establishes a new realm of possibilities for the study of technologically relevant wide-bandgap materials using s-SNOM methods.

关键词： scattering optics nonlinear

Glutathione precursors shield the brain from trauma

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Neural Regeneration Research 2019年第10期14卷 1701-1702页

作者： Lilia Koza daniel A. Linseman Department of Biological Sciences University of DenverDenverCOUSA Knoebel Institute for Healthy Aging University of DenverDenverCOUSA

In the United States, approximately one-third of all injury-related deaths are due to traumatic brain injury (TBI). Anyone is at risk for TBI;however, the risk is higher for athletes in contact sports, military personnel, children, and the elderly. TBI is characterized by a mild, moderate, or severe mechanical force to the head which can be further classified as blast, blunt, or ballistic. The sheer mechanical force of the impact to the head results in the primary injury including diffuse axonal injury, internal bleeding, swelling, and neuronal cell death. Secondary injury occurs over time, often weeks to months post-TBI, and is characterized by neuroinflammation, blood-brain-barrier disruption, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, neuronal apoptosis, and other deleterious effects in the brain (Khatri et al., 2018). Recent research indicates that secondary injury from TBI may be considered a risk factor for neurodegenerative diseases occurring later in life, such as Alzheimer’s disease and chronic traumatic encephalopathy. A key molecular mechanism that contributes to secondary injury after TBI is free radical damage which is induced by the aberrant production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS).

关键词： In the United States approximately one-third reactive nitrogen species

Therapeutic potential of α7 nicotinic receptor agonists to regulate neuroinflammation in neurodegenerative diseases

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Neural Regeneration Research 2017年第9期12卷 1418-1421页

作者： Laura Foucault-Fruchard daniel Antier UMR INSERM U930 Université Fran?ois Rabelais CHRU de Tours H?pital Bretonneau

Neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer＇s, Parkinson＇s and Huntington＇s diseases, are all character- ized by a component of innate immunity called neuroinflammation. Neuronal loss and neuroinflammation are two phenomena closely linked. Hence, the neuroinflammation is a relevant target for the management of the neurodegenerative diseases given that, to date, there is no treatment to stop neuronal loss. Several studies have investigated the potential effects of activators of alpha 7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in animal models of neurodegenerative diseases. These receptors are widely distributed in the central nervous system. After activation, they seem to mediate the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway in the brain. This anti-inflammatory pathway, first described in periphery, regulates activation of microglial cells considered as the resident macrophage population of the central nervous system. In this article, we shortly review the agonists of the alpha 7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors that have been evaluated in vivo and we focused on the selective positive allosteric modulators of these receptors. These compounds represent a key element to enhance receptor activity only in the presence of the endogenous agonist.

关键词： α7 nicotinic receptors cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway Alzheimer's disease Huntington's disease Parkinson's disease neuroinflammation neurodegeneration positive allosteric modulators

Managing water for life

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2012年第2期6卷 255-264页

作者： daniel P.LOUCKS Haifeng JIA Civil and Environmental Engineering Comell UniversityIthaca NY 14853USA School of Environment Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

Water is essential for life. In spite of the entire engineering infrastructure devoted to the treatment, regulation and beneficial uses of water, occasionally sufficient quantities and qualities of water become scarce. When this happens, just how do we decide how much less water to allocate to all of us and the activities we engage in to sustain and enhance our quality of life？ This paper addresses some of the complexities of answering such a question, especially as society increasingly recognizes the need to provide flow regimes that will maintain healthy aquatic and floodplain ecosystems that also impact the economic, physical and even the spiritual quality of our lives. For we depend on these ecosystems to sustain our wellbeing. We are indeed a part of our ecosystems. We depend upon on aquatic ecosystems to moderate river flow qualities and quantities, reduce the extremes of floods and droughts, reduce erosion, detoxify and decompose water- borne wastes, generate and preserve flood plain soils and renew their fertility, regulate disease carrying organisms, and to enhance recreational benefits of river systems. This question of deciding just how much water to allocate to each water user and for the maintenance of viable aquatic ecosystems, especially when there is not enough, is a complex, and largely political, issue. This issue is likely to become even more complex and political and contentious in the future as populations grow and as water quantities and their qualities become even more variable and uncertain.

关键词： water stress aquatic ecosystems sustainablewater resource allocations ecosystem water requirements

How a 30-year transition to carbon neutrality will affect the electricity supply costs?

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iEnergy 2022年第4期1卷 391-392页

作者： daniel Kirschen Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of WashingtonSeattleWA 98195USA

The Chinese government has set long-term goals for carbon neutrality and the development of renewable energy(RE).Despite the expected precipitous decline in the costs of RE technologies,the necessary massive investmen... 详细信息

关键词： carbon transition neutral

Gas exchange of Populus euphratica leaves in a riparian zone

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Journal of Arid Land 2013年第4期5卷 531-541页

作者： Dieter OVERDIECK daniel ZICHE RuiDe YU Institute of Ecology/Ecology of Woody Plants TU-BerlinD-14195 BerlinGermany von Thuenen-Institut Institute of Forest Ecology and Forest InventoryD-16225 EberswaldeGermany Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography Chinese Academy of Sciences

Riparian vegetation belts in arid regions of Central Asia are endangered to lose their ecosystem services due to intensified land *** the development of sustained land use,management knowledge of plant performance in relation to resource supply is *** estimated productivity related functional traits at the edges of the habitat of Populus euphratica *** leaf area （SLA） and carbon/nitrogen （C/N） ratio of *** leaves growing near a former river bank and close to moving sand dunes in the Ebinur Lake National Nature Reserve in Xinjiang,Northwest China （near Kazakhstan） were determined and daily courses of CO2 net assimilation （PN）,transpiration （E）,and stomatal conductance （gs） of two consecutive seasons were measured during July-August 2007 and June-July *** level was high （1.5-2.5 m below ground） throughout the years and no flooding occurred at the two tree *** was slightly lower near the desert than at the former river bank and leaves contained less N in relation to *** E and gs of *** were reached in the morning before noon on both stands and a second low maximum occurred in the afternoon despite of the unchanged high levels of air to leaf water vapor pressure deficit （ALVPD）.Decline of gs in *** was followed by decrease of *** use efficiency （WUE） of leaves near the desert were higher in the morning and the evening,in contrast to leaves from the former river bank that maintained an almost stable level throughout the *** light compensation points and high light saturation levels of PN indicated the characteristics of leaves well-adapted to intensive irradiation at both *** general,leaves of *** decreased their gs beyond 20 Pa/kPa ALVPD in order to limit water *** of E did not occur in both stands until 40 Pa/kPa ALVPD was *** stomatal closure of *** was achieved at 60 Pa/kPa ALVPD in both stands.E through the leaf surface amounted up to 30％ of

关键词： Populus euphratica water vapor pressure deficit transpiration stomatal conductance water use efficiency leaf functional traits

Development of a nanostructured filter for pyrolysis wax purification:Effects of particulate filter aids

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Particuology 2021年第1期19卷 164-172页

作者： Juliano Missau daniel Assumpcao Bertuol Eduardo Hiromitsu Tanabe Environmental Processes Laboratory(LAPAM) Chemical Engineering DepartmentFederal University of Santa Maria–UFSMAvenida Roraima 100097105-900Santa MariaRSBrazil

Wax obtained from the pyrolysis of polyethylene waste can contain inorganic contaminants and must be purified before *** evaluated different filter aids(perlite,sand,and rice husk ash)for the filtration of a crude wax and a pyrolysis wax through a filter medium that was coated with nylon 6 nanofibers to improve filtration *** first examined the performance of the filter aids in improving crude wax filtration,with the filtration time,temperature,and pressure held constant at 1 h,170℃,and 2.5 bar,*** wax was then produced by pyrolysis of high-density polyethylene(HDPE)waste in the temperature range 425-475℃.The best filter aid was perlite,which had a filtrate production rate of 5.47×10^(-5)m^(3)/*** highest oily wax yield(87.8%)was achieved at a pyrolysis temperature of 425℃.The assembly comprising the filter medium coated with nylon 6 nanofibers plus perlite as a filter aid was most suitable for removing impurities from the oily wax generated by the HDPE pyrolysis as it achieved a purification efficiency of 99.9%.

关键词： HDPE pyrolysis wax Plastic solid waste Nanofiber-coated filter Filter aids Filtration

The relationship between intraspecific assortative mating and reproductive isolation between divergent populations

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Current Zoology 2012年第3期58卷 484-492页

作者： daniel I. BOLNICK Mark KIRKPATRICK Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Section of Integrative Biology One University Station C0930 University of Texas at Austin Austin TX 78712 USA Section of Integrative Biology One University Station C0930 University of Texas at Austin Austin TX 78712 USA

The term ＇assortative mating＇ has been applied to describe two very different phenomena：（1） the tendency for indi- viduals to choose phenotypically similar mates from among conspecifics; or （2） the tendency to prefer conspecific over hete- rospecific mates （behavioral reproductive isolation）. Both forms of assortative mating are widespread in nature, but the relation- ship between these behaviors remains unclear. Namely, it is plausible that a preference for phenotypically similar conspecifics in cidentally reduces the probability of mating with phenotypically divergent heterospecifics. We present a model to calculate how the level of reproductive isolation depends on intraspecific assortative mating and the phenotypic divergence between species. For empirically reasonable levels of intraspecific assortment on a single trait axis, we show that strong reproductive isolation requires very substantial phenotypic divergence. We illustrate this point by applying our model to empirical data from threespine stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus and Darwin＇s Finches （Geospiza spp）. We conclude that typical levels of intraspecific assortment cannot generally be extrapolated to explain levels of interspecific reproductive isolation. Instead, reproductive isolation between species likely arises from different mate choice behaviors, or multivariate assortative mating [Current Zoology 58 （3）： 484-492, 2012].

关键词： Assortative mating Hybridization Mating preference Reproductive isolation Speciation