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Treating spinal cord injury via sustained drug delivery from calcium phosphate coatings

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Neural Regeneration Research 2016年第8期11卷 1236-1237页

作者： daniel j.hellenbrand Amgad Hanna Department of Neurological Surgery University of Wisconsin

Spinal cord injury（SCI）is a devastating trauma that leaves approximately 10,000 to 20,000 people paralyzed every year in the United *** majority of these cases are young people that will live to almost a full life expectancy,however,their quality of life is significantly *** SCI there is loss of both sensory and motor function below the level of injury.

关键词： sustained devastating sensory young coated trauma dissolution kinetics probably axonal

Gait analysis in swine,sheep,and goats after neurologic injury:a literature review

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Neural Regeneration Research 2023年第9期18卷 1917-1924页

作者： jacob W.Sveum Raveena R.Mishra Taylor L.Marti jalon M.jones daniel j.hellenbrand Amgad S.Hanna Department of Neurological Surgery University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health(UWSMPH)MadisonWIUSA

Medical research on neurologic ailments requires representative animal models to validate treatments before they are translated to human clinical *** are the predominant animal model used in neurological research despite limited anatomic and physiologic similarities to *** a result,functional testing designed to assess locomotor recovery after neurologic impairment is well established in rodent ***,large r,more clinically relevant models have not been as well *** achieve similar locomotor testing standardization in larger animals,the models must be accessible to a wide array of ***-human primates are the most relevant animal model fo r translational research,however ethical and financial barriers limit their *** review focuses on swine,sheep,and goats as large animal alternatives for transitional studies between rodents and non-human *** objective of this review is to compare motor testing and data collection methods used in swine,sheep,and goats to encourage testing standardization in these larger animal *** PubMed database was analyzed by searching combinations of swine,sheep,and goats,neurologic injuries,and functional *** were categorized by animal model,data collection method,and assessment *** and sheep were used in the majority of the studies,while only two studies were found using *** functional assessments included open pen analysis,treadmill walking,and guided free *** collection methods included subjective behavioral rating scales and objective tools such as pressure-sensitive mats and image-based analysis ***,swine and sheep were well-suited for a variety of assessment designs,with treadmill walking and guided free walking offering the most consistency across multiple *** collection methods varied,but image-based gait analysis software provided the most robust *** studies should be conducted to stan

关键词： functional testing gait analysis goats large animals neurologic injury sheep spinal cord injury swine

Differences in neuroplasticity after spinal cord injury in varying animal models and humans

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Neural Regeneration Research 2019年第1期14卷 7-19页

作者： Mallory E.Filipp Benjamin j.Travis Stefanie S.Henry Emma C.Idzikowski Sarah A.Magnuson Megan YF Loh daniel j.hellenbrand Amgad S.Hanna Department of Neurological Surgery University of Wisconsin

Rats have been the primary model to study the process and underlying mechanisms of recovery after spinal cord injury. Two weeks after a severe spinal cord contusion, rats can regain weight-bearing abilities without therapeutic interventions, as assessed by the Basso, Beattie and Bresnahan locomotor scale. However, many human patients suffer from permanent loss of motor function following spinal cord injury. While rats are the most understood animal model, major differences in sensorimotor pathways between quadrupeds and bipeds need to be considered. Understanding the major differences between the sensorimotor pathways of rats, non-human primates, and humans is a start to improving targets for treatments of human spinal cord injury. This review will discuss the neuroplasticity of the brain and spinal cord after spinal cord injury in rats, non-human primates, and humans. A brief overview of emerging interventions to induce plasticity in humans with spinal cord injury will also be discussed.

关键词： recovery regeneration spinal cord injury plasticity axons animal studies locomotor training functional recovery

The secondary injury cascade after spinal cord injury:an analysis of local cytokine/chemokine regulation

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第6期19卷 1308-1317页

作者： daniel j.hellenbrand Charles M.Quinn Zachariah j.Piper Ryan T.Elder Raveena R.Mishra Taylor L.Marti Phoebe M.Omuro Rylie M.Roddick jae Sung Lee William L.Murphy Amgad S.Hanna Department of Neurosurgery University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public HealthMadisonWIUSA Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonWIUSA Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonWIUSA Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonWIUSA Forward BIO Institute University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonWIUSA

After spinal cord injury,there is an extensive infiltration of immune cells,which exacerbates the injury and leads to further neural ***,a major aim of current research involves targeting the immune response as a treatment for spinal cord *** much research has been performed analyzing the complex inflammatory process following spinal cord injury,there remain major discrepancies within previous literature regarding the timeline of local cytokine *** objectives of this study were to establish an overview of the timeline of cytokine regulation for 2 weeks after spinal cord injury,identify sexual dimorphisms in terms of cytokine levels,and determine local cytokines that significantly change based on the severity of spinal cord *** were inflicted with either a mild contusion,moderate contusion,severe contusion,or complete transection,7 mm of spinal cord centered on the injury was harvested at varying times post-injury,and tissue homogenates were analyzed with a Cytokine/Chemokine 27-Plex *** demonstrated pro-inflammatory cytokines including tumor necrosis factorα,interleukin-1β,and interleukin-6 were all upregulated after spinal cord injury,but returned to uninjured levels within approximately 24 hours post-injury,while chemokines including monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 remained upregulated for days *** contrast,several anti-inflammatory cytokines and growth factors including interleukin-10 and vascular endothelial growth factor were downregulated by 7 days *** spinal cord injury,tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1,which specifically affects astrocytes involved in glial scar development,increased more than all other cytokines tested,reaching 26.9-fold higher than uninjured *** a mild injury,11 cytokines demonstrated sexual dimorphisms;however,after a severe contusion only leptin levels were different between female and male *** conclusion,pro-inflammatory cytokines in

关键词： astrocytes chemokines cytokines inflammation macrophages microglia secondary damage spinal cord injury

Functional recovery after peripheral nerve injury via sustained growth factor delivery from mineral-coated microparticles

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Neural Regeneration Research 2021年第5期16卷 871-877页

作者： daniel j.hellenbrand Clayton L.Haldeman jae-Sung Lee Angela G.Gableman Elena K.Dai Stephen D.Ortmann jerrod CGotchy Kierra K.Miller Adrianna M.Doucas Nicole C.Nowak William L.Murphy Amgad S.Hanna Department of Neurological Surgery University of WisconsinMadisonWIUSA Department of Biomedical Engineering University of WisconsinMadisonWIUSA Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation University of Wisconsin Madison WIUSA

The gold standard for treating peripheral nerve injuries that have large nerve gaps where the nerves cannot be directly sutured back together because it creates tension on the nerve,is to incorporate an autologous nerve ***,even with the incorporation of a nerve graft,generally patients only regain a small portion of function in limbs affected by the ***,there has been some promising results using growth factors to induce more axon growth through the nerve graft,many of these previous therapies are limited in their ability to release growth factors in a sustained manner and tailor them to a desired time *** ideal drug delivery platform would deliver growth factors at therapeutic levels for enough time to grow axons the entire length of the nerve *** hypothesized that mineral coated microparticles(MCMs)would bind,stabilize and release biologically active glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor(GDNF)and nerve growth factor(NGF)in a sustained ***,the objective of this study was to test the ability of MCMs releasing growth factors at the distal end of a 10 mm sciatic nerve graft,to induce axon growth through the nerve graft and restore hind limb *** sciatic nerve grafting in Lewis rats,the hind limb function was tested weekly by measuring the angle of the ankle at toe lift-off while walking down a *** weeks after grafting,the grafts were harvested and myelinated axons were analyzed proximal to the graft,in the center of the graft,and distal to the *** physiological conditions in vitro,the MCMs delivered a burst release of NGF and GDNF for 3 days followed by a sustained release for at least 22 *** vivo,MCMs releasing NGF and GDNF at the distal end of sciatic nerve grafts resulted in significantly more myelinated axons extending distal to the graft when compared to rats that received nerve grafts without growth factor *** rats with nerve grafts incorporated with MCMs releasing NGF and G

关键词： autografts axon growth drug delivery glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor growth factors mineral coatings nerve grafting nerve growth factor

Laser cut hole matrices in novel armour plate steel for appliqué battlefield vehicle protection

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2016年第5期12卷 351-359页

作者： daniel j. THOMAS Engineering Manufacturing Centre College of Engineering Swansea University Swansea UK

During this research, experimental rolled homogeneous armour steel was cast, annealed and laser cut to form an appliqué plate. This Martensitic–Bainitic microstructure steel grade was used to test a novel means of engineering lightweight armour. It was determined that a laser cutting speed of 1200 mm/min produced optimum hole formations with limited distortion. The array of holes acts as a double-edged solution, in that they provide weight saving of 45%, providing a protective advantage and increasing the surface area. Data collected were used to generate laser cut-edge hole projections in order to identify the optimum cutting speed, edge condition, cost and deformation performance. These parameters resulted in the generation of a surface, with less stress raising features. This can result in a distribution of stress across the wider surface. Provided that appropriate process parameters are used to generate laser cut edges, then the hardness properties of the surface can be controlled. This is due to compressive residual stresses produced in the near edge region as a result of metallurgical transformations. This way the traverse cutting speed parameter can be adjusted to alter critical surface characteristics and microstructural properties in close proximity to the cut-edge. A relationship was identified between the width of the laser HAZ and the hardness of the cut edge. It is the thickness of the HAZ that is affected by the laser process parameters which can be manipulated with adjusting the traverse cutting speed.

关键词： Armour steels Defence systems Steel processing Armour engineering

The PACTUM model:Product analysis of cost and time using mathematics

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International journal of Modeling, Simulation, and Scientific Computing 2014年第S01期5卷 51-70页

作者： daniel j.Easters Department of Fashion Marketing Management&Communication School of Art&Design Nottingham Trent University Nottingham NG14BUUK

Establishing a mathematical supply-chain model is a proposition that has received attention due to its inherent benefits of evolving global supply-chain *** paper discusses the prevailing relationships found within apparel supply-chain environments,and contemplates the complex issues indicated for constituting a mathematical *** results identified within the data suggest,that the multifarious nature of global supply-chain activities require a degree of simplification in order to fully dilate the necessary factors which affect,each subsection of the ***,the research findings allowed the division of supply-chain components into subsections,which amassed a coherent method of product development ***,the supply-chain model was found to allow systematic mathematical formulae analysis,of cost and time,within the multiple contexts of each subsection *** paper indicates the supplychain model structure,the mathematics,and considers how product analysis of cost and time can improve the comprehension of product lifecycle management.

关键词： Fashion supply-chain mathematics

Recent advances in the targeted fluorescent probes for the detection of metastatic bone cancer

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Science China Chemistry 2021年第8期64卷 1283-1296页

作者： Peng Wu daniel j.Siegwart Hu Xiong Research Center for Analytical Sciences Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular RecognitionCollege of ChemistryNankai UniversityTianjin300071China Department of Biochemistry Simmons Comprehensive Cancer CenterThe University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasTexas75390USA

Tumors of the breast,prostate,and lung are most likely to metastasize to the bone and typically indicates a poor cure and survival rate in cancer *** of metastatic bone cancer in early stage would save many lives and greatly improve patients’quality of ***,bone scintigraphy is often utilized to visualize bone metastases due to its relatively low cost and high ***,a growth number of analytical researches aimed at developing targeted fluorescent probes to noninvasively image bone metastases with improved spatial resolution and specificity has been *** this review,we will summarize and discuss the recent published fluorescent probes on the accurate detection of metastatic bone ***,the design principles of various targeted probes for imaging bone metastases will be presented,highlighting the signal moieties,targeting ligands,and physicochemical properties of the bone-specific ***,the up-to-date bone-targeting fluorescent probes will be summarized and ***,future perspectives and challenges confronting the researchers in this field will be *** believe this review will encourage novel ideas to develop smart targeted molecular probes for bone metastasis imaging,image-guided surgery,and therapeutic imaging materials.

关键词： bone metastasis targeted probes fluorescence imaging smart design bone-targeting moieties

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Overcoming obstacles to implementation: addressing political,institutional and behavioral problems in earthquake hazard mitigation policies

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Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration 2002年第1期1卷 152-158页

作者： daniel j.Alesch William j.Petak Department of Public and Environmental Affairs University of Wisconsin-Green BayGreen BayWisconsin54311USA Professor School of Policy Planning and DevelopmentUniversity of Southern California650 Childs WayRoom 201eLos AngelesCalifornia90089-0626USA Professor

This project is aimed at bridging the three planes,from basic research,through enabling processes,to engineered *** the basic research plane,we have been working to improve our collective understanding about obstacles to implementing mitigation practices,owner decision processes (in connection with other MCEER projects),and public policy *** the level of enabling processes,we have been seeking to develop an understanding of how obstacles to greater mitigation can be overcome by improved policy design and *** the engineered systems plane, our work is intended to result in practical guidelines for devising policies and programs with appropriate motivation and incentives for implementing policies and programs once *** phase of the research has been aimed,first,at a thorough,multidisciplinary review of the literature concerning obstacles to ***,the research has focused on advancing the state of the art by developing means for integrating the insights offered by diverse perspectives on the implementation process from the several social,behavioral,and decision *** research establishes a basis for testing our understanding of these processes in the case of hospital retrofit decisions.

关键词： earthquake mitigation earthquake mitigation policies earthquake losses