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The Glucosinolate Biosynthetic Gene A OP2 Mediates Feed-back Regulation of j.smonic Acid Signaling in Arabidopsis

Molecular Plant 2015年第8期8卷 1201-1212页

作者： Meike Burow Susanna Atwell Marta Francisco Rachel E. Kerwin Barbara A. Halkier daniel j. Kliebenstein DynaMo Center of Excellence Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences Faculty of Science University of Copenhagen Thorvaldsensvej 40 1871Frederiksberg C Denmark Copenhagen Plant Science Centre Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences Faculty of Science University of Copenhagen Thorvaldsensvej 40 1871Frederiksberg C Denmark Department of Plant Sciences University of California at Davis Davis CA 95616 USA Mision Biologica de Galicia (MBG-CSIC) PO Box 28 36080 Pontevedra Spain

Survival in changing and challenging environments requires an organism to efficiently obtain and use its resources. Due to their sessile nature, it is particularly critical for plants to dynamically optimize their meta- bolism. In plant primary metabolism, metabolic fine-tuning involves feed-back mechanisms whereby the output of a pathway controls its input to generate a precise and robust response to environmental changes. By contrast, few studies have addressed the potential for feed-back regulation of secondary metabolism. In Arabidopsis, accumulation of the defense compounds glucosinolates has previously been linked to genetic variation in the glucosinolate biosynthetic gene AOP2. AOP2 expression can increase the transcript levels of two known regulators （MYB28 and MYB29） of the pathway, suggesting thatAOP2 plays a role in positive feed-back regulation controlling glucosinolate biosynthesis. We generated mutants affecting AOP2, MYB28/29, or both. Transcriptome analysis of these mutants identified a so far unrecognized link between AOP2 and j.smonic acid （j.） signaling independent of MYB28 and MYB29. Thus, AOP2 is part of a regulatory feed-back loop linking glucosinolate biosynthesis and j. signaling and thereby allows the glucosinolate pathway to influence j. sensitivity. The discovery of this regulatory feed-back loop provides insight into how plants optimize the use of resources for defensive metabolites.

关键词： feed-back regulation j.smonates j. signaling glucosinolates Arabidopsis

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Current applications of artificial intelligence for intraoperative decision support in surgery Allison

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Frontiers of Medicine 2020年第4期14卷 369-381页

作者： j.Navarrete-Welton daniel A.Hashimoto Surgical Artificial Intelligence and Innovation Laboratory Massachusetts General HospitalBostonMA 02114USA Harvard Medical School BostonMA 02114USA

Research into medical artificial intelligence(AI)has made significant advances in recent years,including surgical *** scoping review investigated AI-based decision support systems targeted at the intraoperative phase of surgery and found a wide range of technological approaches applied across several surgical *** the twenty-one(n=21)included papers,three main categories of motivations were identified for developing such technologies:(1)augmenting the information available to surgeons,(2)accelerating intraoperative pathology,and(3)recommending surgical *** many of the proposals hold promise for improving patient outcomes,important methodological shortcomings were observed in most of the reviewed papers that made it difficult to assess the clinical significance of the reported performance *** limitations,the current state of this field suggests that a number of opportunities exist for future researchers and clinicians to work on AI for surgical decision support with exciting implications for improving surgical care.

关键词： artificial intelligence decision support clinical decision support systems intraoperative deep learning computer vision machine learning surgery

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Establishment of Withania somnifera Hairy Root Cultures for the Production of Withanolide A

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j.urnal of Integrative Plant Biology 2008年第8期50卷 975-981页

作者： Hosakatte N. Murthy Camelia Dij.stra Paul Anthony daniel A. White Mike R. Davey j. Brian Power Eun j. Hahn Kee Y. Paek Plant Sciences Division School of Biosciences University of Nottingham Sutton Bonington Campus Loughborough LE12 5RD UK Department of Botany Karnatak University Dharwad 580 003 India Research Center for the Development of Advanced Horticultural Technology Chungbuk National University Cheongju 361-763 Korea Department of Botany Karnatak University Dharwad 580 003 India Food Sciences Division School of Biosciences University of Nottingham Sutton Bonington Campus Loughborough LE12 5RD UK Research Center for the Development of Advanced Horticultural Technology Chungbuk National University Cheongju 361-763 Korea

Withania sominifera （Indian ginseng） was transformed by Agrobacterium rhizogenes. Explants from seedling roots, stems, hypocotyls, cotyledonary nodal segments, cotyledons and young leaves were inoculated with A. rhizogenes strain R1601. Hairy （transformed） roots were induced from cotyledons and leaf explants. The transgenic status of hairy roots was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction using nptll and rolB specific primers and, subsequently, by Southern analysis for the presence of nptll and rolB genes in the genomes of transformed roots. Four clones of hairy roots were established; these differed in their morphology. The doubling time of faster growing cultures was 8-14 d with a fivefold increase in biomass after 28 d compared with cultured, non-transformed seedling roots. MS-based liquid medium was superior for the growth of transformed roots compared with other culture media evaluated （SH, LS and N6）, with MS-based medium supplemented with 40 g/L sucrose being optimal for biomass production. Cultured hairy roots synthesized withanolide A, a steroidal lactone of medicinal and therapeutic value. The concentration of withanolide A in transformed roots （157.4 μg/g dry weight） was 2.7-fold more than in non-transformed cultured roots （57.9 μg/g dry weight）.

关键词： Agrobacterium rhizogenes hairy (transformed) roots Indian ginseng transformation withanolide A

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Dissolved organic matter tracers reveal contrasting characteristics across high arsenic aquifers in Cambodia:A fluorescence spectroscopy study

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Geoscience Frontiers 2019年第5期10卷 1653-1667页

作者： Laura A. Richards Dan j. Lapworth daniel Magnone Daren C. Gooddy Lee Chambers Peter j. Williams Bart E. van Dongen David A. Polya School of Earth and Environmental Sciences and Williamson Research Centre for Molecular Environmental Science The University of ManchesterWilliamson BuildingOxford RoadManchesterM13 9PLUK British Geological Survey Maclean BuildingWallingfordOxfordshireOX10 8BBUK Lancaster Environment Centre Lancaster UniversityLancaster LA1 4YQUK Present address: School of Geography University of LincolnBrayford PoolLincolnLincolnshireLN6 7 TSUK Present address: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of StrathclydeGlasgow G1 1XJUK

Organic matter in the environment is involved in many biogeochemical processes,including the mobilization of geogenic trace elements,such as arsenic,into *** this paper we present the use of fluorescence spectroscopy to characterize the dissolved organic matter (DOM) pool in heavily arsenicaffected groundwaters in Kandal Province,*** fluorescence DOM (fDOM) characteristics between contrasting field areas of differing dominant lithologies were compared and linked to other hydrogeochemical parameters,including arsenic and dissolved methane as well as selected sedimentary ***-corrected fluorescence indices were used to characterize depth profiles and compare field *** fDOM was generally dominated by terrestrial humic and fulvic-like components,with relatively small contributions from microbially-derived,tryptophan-like *** fDOM from sand-dominated sequences typically contained lower tryptophan-like,lower fulvic-like and lower humic-like components,was less bioavailable,and had higher humification index than clay-dominated *** concentrations were strongly correlated with fDOM bioavailability as well as with tryptophan-like components,suggesting that groundwater methane in these arsenic-prone aquifers is likely of biogenic origin.A comparison of fDOM tracers with sedimentary OM tracers is consistent with the hypothesis that external,surface-derived contributions to the aqueous DOM pool are an important control on groundwater hydrogeochemistry.

关键词： Arsenic Fluorescence spectroscopy Organic matter characterization Parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) Groundwater quality

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Adaptive immunity at the crossroads of autophagy and metabolism

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2021年第5期18卷 1096-1105页

作者： Shree Padma Metur daniel j.Klionsky University of Michigan Life Sciences Institute and Department of MolecularCellular and Developmental BiologyAnn ArborMIUSA

The function of lymphocytes is dependent on their plasticity,particularly their adaptation to energy availability and environmental stress,and their protein synthesis *** are constantly under metabolic stress,and macroautophagy/autophagy is the primary metabolic pathway that helps cells overcome *** intrinsic role of autophagy in regulating the metabolism of adaptive immune cells has recently gained increasing *** this review,we summarize and discuss the versatile roles of autophagy in regulating cellular metabolism and the implications of autophagy for immune cell function and fate,especially for T and B lymphocytes.

关键词： Immunology Lysosome Macroautophagy Stress

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Rufous-and-white wrens Thryophilus rufalbus do not exhibit a dear enemy effects towards conspecific or heterospecific competitors

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Current Zoology 2015年第1期61卷 23-33页

作者： Matthew M. BATTISTON David R. WILSON Brendan A. GRAHAM Kristin A. KOVACH daniel j. MENNILL Department of Biological Sciences University of Windsor Windsor Ontario Canada N9B 3P4

Many territorial animals exhibit reduced aggression towards neighbours. Known as ＂the dear enemy effect＂, this phenomenon has been documented among conspecific animals across a wide range of animal taxa. In theory, the dear enemy ef- fect can also exist between individuals of different species, particularly when those species compete for shared resources. To date, a heterospecific dear enemy effects has only been documented in ants. In this study, we test for both a conspecific and heterospe- cific dear enemy effect in neotropical rufous-and-white wrens Thryophilus rufalbus. This species competes for resources with banded wrens Thryophilus pleurostictus, a closely related sympatric congener. We used acoustic playback to simulate ruf- ous-and-white wren and banded wren neighbours and non-neighbours at the edges of rufous-and-white wren territories. Ruf- ous-and-white wrens responded more strongly to signals from their own species, demonstrating that resident males discriminate between conspecific and heterospecific rivals. They did not, however, exhibit a conspecific dear enemy effect. Further, they did not exhibit a heterospecific dear enemy effect. This could be due to neighbours and non-neighbours posing similar levels of threat in this system, to the possibility that playback from the edges of the subj.cts＇ large territories did not simulate a threatening signal, or to other factors. Our study provides the first test of a heterospecific dear enemy effect in vertebrates, and presents a valuable experimental approach for testing for a heterospecific dear enemy effect in other animals [Current Zoology 61 （1）： 23-33, 2015].

关键词： Conspecific aggression Dear enemy effect Heterospecific aggression Intra-specific interactions Inter-specific interactions Resource competition

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Autophagy gets in on the regulatory act

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分子细胞生物学报:英文版 2011年第2期3卷 76-77页

作者： Steven K.Backues daniel j.Klionsky Life Sciences Institute University of MichiganAnn ArborMI 48109-2216USA

Autophagy down-regulates the Wnt signal transduction pathway via targeted degradation of a key signaling *** may provide an explanation for autophagy’s role in tumor *** eukaryotic cell has at its disposal two primar... 详细信息

关键词： Autophagy targeted explanation

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Forces and energetics of intermittent swimming

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Acta Mechanica Sinica 2017年第4期33卷 725-732页

作者： daniel Floryan Tyler Van Buren Alexander j.Smits Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Princeton University Princeton NJ 08544 USA

Experiments are reported on intermittent swimming motions. Water tunnel experiments on a nominally two-dimensional pitching foil show that the mean thrust and power scale linearly with the duty cycle, from a value of 0.2 all the way up to continuous motions, indicating that individual bursts of activity in intermittent motions are independent of each other. This conclusion is corroborated by particle image velocimetry（PIV） flow visualizations, which show that the main vortical structures in the wake do not change with duty cycle. The experimental data also demonstrate that intermittent motions are generally energetically advantageous over continuous motions. When metabolic energy losses are taken into account, this conclusion is maintained for metabolic power fractions less than 1.

关键词： intermittent swimming maintained conclusion cycle thrust favorable producing aquatic circles

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Moll Flanders

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作者： daniel Defoe edited by Albert j. Rivero.

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Analysis of Autopilot Disengagements Occurring During Autonomous Vehicle Testing

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IEEE/CAA j.urnal of Automatica Sinica 2018年第1期5卷 58-68页

作者： Chen Lv Dongpu Cao Yifan Zhao daniel j. Auger Mark Sullman Huaj. Wang Laura Millen Dutka Lee Skrypchuk Alexandros Mouzakitis School of Aerospace Transport and Manufacturing Cranfield University Cranfield Bedford MK430AL UK j.guar Land Rover Coventry CV3 4LF UK IEEE

In present-day highly-automated vehicles, there are occasions when the driving system disengages and the human driver is required to take-over. This is of great importance to a vehicle's safety and ride comfort. In the U.S state of California, the Autonomous Vehicle Testing Regulations require every manufacturer testing autonomous vehicles on public roads to submit an annual report summarizing the disengagements of the technology experienced during testing. On 1 j.nuary 2016,seven manufacturers submitted their first disengagement reports:Bosch, Delphi, Google, Nissan, Mercedes-Benz, Volkswagen, and Tesla Motors. This work analyses the data from these disengagement reports with the aim of gaining abetter understanding of the situations in which a driver is required to takeover, as this is potentially useful in improving the Society of Automotive Engineers(SAE) Level 2 and Level 3 automation *** events from testing are classified into different groups based on attributes and the causes of disengagement are investigated and compared in detail. The mechanisms and time taken for take-over transition occurred in disengagements are studied. Finally, recommendations for OEMs, manufacturers, and government organizations are also discussed.

关键词： Automated vehicle Disengagement humanvehicle interactions take-over operation vehicle testing

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