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High refractive index of melanin in shiny occipital feathers of a bird of paradise

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Light(Science & Applications) 2015年第1期4卷 518-523页

作者： doekele G Stavenga Hein L Leertouwer daniel C Osorio Bodo d Wilts Computational Physics University of Groningen9747 AGThe Netherlands School of Life Sciences University of SussexBrightonBN19QGUK Adolphe Merkle Institute University of FribourgCH-1700 FribourgSwitzerland

Male Lawes’s Parotia,a bird of paradise,use the highly directional reflection of the structurally colored,brilliant-silvery occipital feathers in their courtship *** in other birds,the structural coloration is produced by ordered melanin *** barbules of the Parotia’s occipital feathers,with thickness,3 μm,contain 6–7 layers of densely packed melanin rodlets(diameter,0.25 μm,length,2 μm).The effectively,0.2 μm thick melanin layers separated by,0.2 μm thick keratin layers create a multilayer interference *** measurements yielded peak wavelengths in the near-infrared at,1.3 μm,i.e.,far outside the visible wavelength *** the Jamin-Lebedeff interference microscopy method recently developed for pigmented media,we here determined the refractive index of the intact *** thus derived the wavelength dependence of the refractive index of the barbules’melanin to be 1.7–1.8 in the visible wavelength *** the anatomical and refractive index data in an optical multilayer model,we calculated the barbules’reflectance,transmittance and absorptance spectra,thereby confirming measured spectra.

关键词： bird of paradise interference reflector iridescence Jamin-Lebedeff microscopy multilayer

do I need to see a urologist for my vasectomy?A comparison of practice patterns between urologists and family medicine physicians

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2019年第6期21卷 540-543页

作者： Natasza M Posielski daniel d Shapiro Xing Wang Brian V Le department of Urology University of WisconsinMadisonWl 53705USA department of Biostatistics University of WisconsinMadisonWl 53705USA.

Urologists perform the majority of vasectomies in the United States;however,family medicine physicians(FMPs)perform up to 35%.We hypothesized that d iff ere nces exist in practice patterns and outcomes between urologists and *** nts who underwent a vasectomy from 2010 to 2016 were *** semen analysis(PVSA)practices were compared between urologists and FMPs,before and after release of the 2012 AUA vasectomy *** 2010 to 2016,FMPs performed 1435(35.1%)of all *** follow-up rates were similar between the two groups(63.4%vs 64.8%,P=0.18).Of the patients with follow-up,the median number of PVSAs obtained was 1(range 1-6)in both groups(P=0.22).Following the release of guidelines,fewer urologists obtained multiple PVSAs(69.8%vs 28.9%pre-and post-2012,Pd a significant but lesser change in the use of multiple PVSAs(47.5%vs 38.4%,Pde appropriate changes in the timing of the first PVSA,but FMPs continued to obtain PVSAs before 8 weeks(15.0%vs 6.5%,Pd a higher rate of positive results in PVSAs obtained after 8 weeks,the earliest recommended by the AUA guidelines(4.1%vs 1.3%,Pdifferences in PVSA utilization between FMPs and urologists were identified and were impacted by the release of AUA guidelines in *** summary,FMPs obtained multiple PVSAs more frequently and continued to obtain PVSAs prior to the 8-week recommendation,suggesting less penetration of AUA guidelines to nonurology ***,FMPs had more positive results on PVSAs obtained within the recommended window.

关键词： evidence-based practice family practice semen analysis urologist vasectomy

Modelling the potential consequences of adaptive closure management in a penaeid trawl fishery

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Aquaculture and Fisheries 2023年第2期8卷 190-201页

作者： Edward V.Camp daniel d.Johnson Matthew d.Taylor Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences School of ForestFisheriesand Geomatics SciencesUniversity of FloridaGainesville32611FLUSA Port Stephens Fisheries Institute New South Wales Department of Primary IndustriesTaylors Beach RdTaylors BeachNew South Wales2315Australia School of Environmental and Life Sciences University of NewcastleNew South Wales2308Australia

Spatial management of fishing effort can be used to avoid catching undesirable size classes for target species,and improve yield-per-recruit for the exploited *** closure management has been proposed as a means to more effectively utilise spatial management,however these management provisions often lack quantitative evaluation which constrains the information available to inform *** demonstrate the use of a spatially and size structured population dynamics model to evaluate the potential impact of spatial management on a multijurisdictional fishery for a highly migratory species(eastern king prawn,Penaeus[Melicertus]plebejus).Under current conditions in the fishery,the overall effect of closures on harvest was estimated to be comparatively minor,regardless of assumptions about how effort or fisher behavior are affected by spatial *** assumptions about the movement patterns of eastern king prawn had little influence on the impact of closures on overall ***,when effort was increased to historic levels similar to those observed when the closures were implemented,a much greater impact on overall harvest was *** approach taken and simulation outcomes are discussed in the context of spatial management for both eastern king prawn,and penaeid fisheries more broadly.

关键词： Penaeidae Trawl Management strategy evaluation Closures Adaptive management

diabetes Type 2: Poincaré data Preprocessing for Quantum Machine Learning

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2021年第5期67卷 1849-1861页

作者： daniel Sierra-Sosa Juan d.Arcila-Moreno Begonya Garcia-Zapirain Adel Elmaghraby department of Computer Science and Engineering University of LouisvilleLouisvilleKYUSA Apolo Scientific Computing Center Universidad EAFITMedellínColombia eVida Research Group University of DeustoBilbaoSpain

Quantum Machine Learning(QML)techniques have been recently attracting massive *** reported applications usually employ synthetic or well-known *** of these techniques based on using a hybrid approach combining quantum and classic devices is the Variational Quantum Classifier(VQC),which development seems *** being largely studied,VQC implementations for“real-world”datasets are still challenging on Noisy Intermediate Scale Quantum devices(NISQ).In this paper we propose a preprocessing pipeline based on Stokes parameters for data *** pipeline enhances the prediction rates when applying VQC techniques,improving the feasibility of solving classification problems using NISQ *** including feature selection techniques and geometrical transformations,enhanced quantum state preparation is ***,a representation based on the Stokes parameters in the PoincaréSphere is possible for visualizing the *** results show that by using the proposed techniques we improve the classification score for the incidence of acute comorbid diseases in Type 2 diabetes Mellitus *** used the implemented version of VQC available on IBM’s framework Qiskit,and obtained with two and three qubits an accuracy of 70%and 72%respectively.

关键词： Quantum machine learning data preprocessing stokes parameters Poincarésphere

Antioxidant capacity and phytochemical content of 16 sources of corn distillers dried grains with solubles(ddGS)

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Animal Nutrition 2018年第4期4卷 435-441页

作者： Eui-Cheol Shin Gerald C.Shurson daniel d.Gallaher department of Food Science and Nutrition University of Minnesota department of Animal Science University of Minnesota

Corn distillers dried grains with solubles(ddGS) is a co-product of the fuel ethanol industry that is an excellent source of energy, digestible amino acids, and digestible phosphorus. However, the antioxidant capacity and phytochemical content of ddGS and how it is influenced by production parameters is unknown. Therefore, 16 ddGS samples obtained from different ethanol production plants in the *** characterized for antioxidant capacity, vitamin E, xanthophylls, and ferulic acid content and compared with corn. The antioxidant capacity of ddGS samples, measured using the 2,2-diphenyl-lpicrylhydrazyl(dPPH) assay, varied almost 2 folds among samples, but in all cases was more than 3 times that of corn. All ddGS samples had a considerably greater concentration of tocopherols and tocotrienols(lipid-soluble antioxidants) than corn. However, the relative concentrations among the tocopherols and tocotrienols tended to be similar to corn. The xanthophyll lutein was present in all ddGS samples and in all cases exceeded the content in corn. Zeaxanthin was detected in most samples. The total ferulic acid content of the ddGS samples was almost 3-fold greater than corn, but, as in corn, almost all was present in a bound form. However, the concentration of unbound(free) ferulic acid was more than 3 times the concentration found in the corn sample. Thus, ddGS is a rich source of phytochemical compounds and may provide antioxidant and health benefits beyond its macronutrient composition. However, differences in processing can greatly influence the phytochemical content and quality of ddGS. In particular,thermal abuse due to excessive heat used in drying may lead to lipid oxidation products that may have deleterious effects when incorporated into feeds.

关键词： Corn distillers dried grains with solubles Vitamin E Ferulic acid Xanthophylls Lutein Antioxidant capacity

Natural nest substrates influence squamate embryo physiology but have little effect on hatchling phenotypes

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Integrative Zoology 2022年第4期17卷 550-566页

作者： Joshua M.HALL Jocelyn MIRACLE Cindy d.SCRUGGS daniel A.WARNER department of Biological Sciences Auburn UniversityAuburnAlabamaUSA

Vertebrate embryos require access to water;however,many species nest in terrestrial habitats that vary considerably in moisture ***,non-avian reptiles have served as models to understand how environmental factors,like moisture availability,influence development because eggs are often exposed to prevailing environments in the absence of parental *** much research demonstrates the importance of water absorption by eggs,many ecological factors that influence moisture availability in natural nests have received little *** example,the type of substrate in which nests are constructed is *** experimentally incubated eggs of the brown anole lizard(Anolis sagrei)in 2 naturally occurring nest substrates that were treated with varying amounts of water to determine how natural substrates influence development at different moisture *** substrate consisted of sand and crushed seashells and the other was mostly organic material(*** plant material).Both are common nesting substrates at our field *** controlling for water uptake by eggs,we found that egg survival and hatchling phenotypes were similar between substrates;however,embryos developed more quickly in the sand/shell substrate than the organic substrate,indicating substrate-specific effects on embryo *** results demonstrate that different natural substrates can result in similar developmental outcomes if the water available to eggs is comparable;however,some aspects of development,like developmental rate,are affected by the type of substrate,independent of water *** study is required to determine how natural substrates influence embryo physiology independent of water content.

关键词： developmental plasticity egg incubation hydric conditions nesting behavior nest-site selection

K＋ Transporter AtCHX17 with Its Hydrophilic C Tail Localizes to Membranes of the Secretory/Endocytic System： Role in Reproduction and Seed Set

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Molecular Plant 2013年第4期6卷 1226-1246页

作者： Salil Chanroj Senthilkumar Padmanaban daniel d. Czerny Guang-Yuh Jauh Heven Sze department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics and Maryland Agricultural Experiment Station University of Maryland College Park MD USA department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture University of Maryland College Park MD USA Present address: department of Biotechnology Faculty of Science Burapha University Chon-Buri 20131 Thailand Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology Academia Sinica 128 Academia Road Section 2 Nankang Taipei

The importance of sorting proteins and wall materials to their destination is critical for plant growth and development, though the machinery orchestrating membrane trafficking is poorly understood. Transporters that alter the environment across endomembrane compartments are thought to be important players. Using Escherichia coli and yeast, we previously showed that several Arabidopsis Cation/H＋ eXchanger （AtCHX） members were K＋ transporters with a role in pH homeostasis, though their subcellular location and biological roles in plants are unclear. Co-expression of markers with CHX16, CHX17, CHX18, or CHX19 tagged with a fluorescent protein indicated these transporters associated with plasma membrane （PM） and post-Golgi compartments. Under its native promoter, AtCHX17（l_820）-GFP localized to prevacuolar compartment （PVC） and to PM in roots. Brefeldin A diminished AtCHX17- GFP fluorescence at PM, whereas wortmannin caused formation of GFP-labeled ring-like structures, suggesting AtCHX17 trafficked among PVC, vacuole and PM. AtCHX17（1-472） lacking its carboxylic tail did not associate with PVC or PM in plant cells. Single chx17 mutant or higher-order mutants showed normal root growth and vegetative devel- opment. However, quadruple （chx16chx17chxlSchx19） mutants were reduced in frequency and produced 50%-70% fewer seeds, indicating overlapping roles of several AtCHX17-related transporters in reproduction and/or seed devel- opment. Together, our results suggest that successful reproduction and seed development depend on the ability to regulate cation and pH homeostasis by AtCHX17-1ike transporters on membranes that traffic in the endocytic and/or secretory pathways.

关键词： membrane trafficking pH homeostasis cation/proton antiporter prevacuolar compartment.

Embryonic stem cell factors and pancreatic cancer

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第9期20卷 2247-2254页

作者： Marta Herreros-Villanueva Luis Bujanda daniel d Billadeau Jin-San Zhang daniel d Billadeau Jin-San Zhang Division of Oncology Research Schulze Center for Novel Therapeutics Mayo Clinic College of Medicine Rochester MN 55905 United States department of Gastroenterology Hospital Donostia/Instituto Biodonostia Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd) Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU20014 San Sebastián Spain School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering Wenzhou Medical University

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma(PdAC),the most common type of pancreatic tumor,is a highly aggressive human cancer with the lowest five-year survival rate of any human maligancy primarily due to its earlymetastasis and lack of response to chemotherapy and *** research suggests that PdAC cells comprise a hierarchy of tumor cells that develop around a population of cancer stem cells(CSCs),a small and distinct population of cancer cells that mediates tumoregenesis,metastasis and resistance to standard ***,CSCs could be a target for more effective treatment ***,pancreatic CSCs are subject to regulation by some of key embryonic stem cell(ESC)transctiption factors abberently expressed in PdAC,such as SOX2,OCT4 and *** transcription factors are important dNA-binding proteins present in both embryonic and adult somatic *** critical role of these factors in reprogramming processes makes them essential not only for embryonic development but also *** we provide an overview of stem cell transcription factors,particularly SOX2,OCT4,and NANOG,on their expression and function in pancreatic *** contrast to embryonic stem cells,in which OCT4 and SOX2 are tightly regulated and physically interact to regulate a wide spectrum of target genes,de novo SOX2 expression alone in pancreatic cancer cells is sufficient to promote self-renewal,dedifferentiation and imparting stemness characteristics via impacting specific cell cycle regulatory genes and epithelial-mesnechymal transtion driver ***,targeting ESC factors,particularly SOX2,could be a worthy strategy for pancreatic cancer therapy.

关键词： Embryonic stem cells NANOG SOX2 OCT4 Pluripotency Pancreatic cancer Cancer stem cells

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Geography and Sustainability 2023年第1期4卷 29-38页

作者： d.daniel Trimo Pamudji Al djono Widya Prihesti Iswarani department of Health Behavior Environmentand Social MedicineFaculty of MedicinePublic Health and NursingUniversitas Gadjah MadaIndonesia Sekolah Tinggi Teknologi Sapta Taruna Indonesia Environmental Science for Sustainable Energy and Technology(ESSET) School of Life Sciences and Environmental Technology(ATGM/ALST)Avans University of Applied SciencesThe Netherlands

This study used multinomial logistic regression and Bayesian belief networks(BBN)to analyze factors influenc-ing the functionality of the community-based rural drinking water supply and sanitation program(PAMSIMAS)in Indonesia.28,936 PAMSIMAS projects in 33 provinces in Indonesia were *** data indicates that 85.4%of the water supply systems were fully functioning,9.1%were partially functioning,and 5.5%were not *** the regression analysis,good management is positively associated with functionality and a high investment per capita is negatively associated with the *** latter suggests the need for comprehen-sive economic analysis in the feasibility study in scattered housing sites and remote-undeveloped *** also found that high community participation at the beginning of the project was associated with the not functioning system,while women’s participation was positively associated with the ***,the household connection is more likely to be functioning than communal *** analysis shows if the beneficiaries do not pay for water,the probability of not functioning systems is 20 times higher than systems with fee ***,the combination of strong management,strong financial status,and household connection rather than communal connection increases the probability of fully functioning to 98%.Improvement of data collection is also necessary to monitor the current conditions of all PAMSIMAS systems in *** study offers a country-level perspective for better implementation of the community-based rural water supply and sanitation program in developing countries.

关键词： Rural water supply PAMSIMAS Functionality Indonesia Bayesian belief networks Logistic regression