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Buruli ulcer in Nigeria:results of a pilot case study in three rural districts

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2016年第1期5卷 328-336页

作者： Kingsley N.Ukwaja Anthony O.Meka Alphonsus chukwuka Kingsley B.Asiedu Kristina L.Huber Miriam Eddyani Joseph N.chukwu Moses c.Anyim charles c.Nwafor daniel c.oshi Nelson O.Madichie Ngozi Ekeke Martin Njoku Kentigern Ntana Department of Medicine Federal Teaching HospitalFMC RdAbakalikiEbonyi StateNigeria Medical Department German Leprosy and TB Relief AssociationEnuguEnugu StateNigeria St Benedict’s Tuberculosis and Leprosy Rehabilitation Hospital OgojaCross River StateNigeria Global Buruli Ulcer Initiative Department of Control of Neglected Tropical DiseasesWorld Health OrganizationGenevaSwitzerland Department of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine University HospitalLudwig-Maximilians UniversityMunichGermany Mycobacteriology Unit Department of MicrobiologyInstitute of Tropical MedicineAntwerpBelgium

Background:Buruli ulcer(BU),also known as Mycobacterium ulcerans disease,is the third most common mycobacterial disease *** BU disease has been diagnosed among Nigerians in neighbouring West African countries,data on the burden of the disease in Nigeria itself are *** study aimed to assess the magnitude and epidemiology of BU in the South South region of ***:We conducted a cross-sectional survey in the Ogoja territory(comprising 31 communities).We undertook sensitisation programmes centred on BU in 10 of the *** were asked to identify community members with long-standing ulcers,who were then invited for *** also contacted traditional healers to refer their clients who had non-healing *** suspected cases had a full clinical evaluation and laboratory *** cases were given treatment in a referral hospital in the ***:We diagnosed 41 clinical BU cases;36(87.8%)of which were confirmed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction(qPcR).These 36 PcR-confirmed cases were diagnosed in a total population of 192,169 ***,the estimated crude prevalence of BU was 18.7 per 100,000 population,varying from 6.0 to 41.4 per 100,000 in the districts *** majority(66.7%)of the cases were *** 92%of the BU lesions were located on the patients’*** differences were observed between the sexes in terms of the location of the *** age of the patients ranged from four to 60 years,with a median age of 17 *** 35(100%)patients who consented to treatment completed chemotherapy as *** the treated cases,29(82.9%)needed and received *** cases healed,but 29(82.9%)had some limitations in *** with limitations in movement occurred in 18/19(94.7%)and 8/10(80.0%)of patients with lesions>15 cm(category III)and 6–15 cm in diameter(category II),*** median duration of treatment was 130(87–164)days for children and

关键词： Buruli ulcer Mycobacterium ulcerans Epidemiology case finding Endemicity Ogoja cross River State Nigeria

Wafer-Scale Ag₂S-Based Memristive crossbar Arrays with Ultra-Low Switching-Energies Reaching Biological Synapses

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NANO-MIcRO LETTERS 2025年第1期17卷 1-12页

作者： Zhu, Yuan Nyberg, Tomas Nyholm, Leif Primetzhofer, daniel Shi, Xun Zhang, Zhen Uppsala Univ Dept Elect Engn Div Solid State Elect S-75121 Uppsala Sweden Uppsala Univ Dept Chem Uppsala Sweden Uppsala Univ Dept Phys & Astron Uppsala Sweden chinese Acad Sci Shanghai Inst Ceram State Key Lab High Performance Ceram & Superfine M Shanghai 200050 Peoples R China

Memristive crossbar arrays (McAs) offer parallel data storage and processing for energy-efficient neuromorphic computing. However, most wafer-scale McAs that are compatible with complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (cMOS) technology still suffer from substantially larger energy consumption than biological synapses, due to the slow kinetics of forming conductive paths inside the memristive units. Here we report wafer-scale Ag2S-based McAs realized using cMOS-compatible processes at temperatures below 160 degrees c. Ag2S electrolytes supply highly mobile Ag+ ions, and provide the Ag/Ag2S interface with low silver nucleation barrier to form silver filaments at low energy costs. By further enhancing Ag+ migration in Ag2S electrolytes via microstructure modulation, the integrated memristors exhibit a record low threshold of approximately - 0.1 V, and demonstrate ultra-low switching-energies reaching femtojoule values as observed in biological synapses. The low-temperature process also enables McA integration on polyimide substrates for applications in flexible electronics. Moreover, the intrinsic nonidealities of the memristive units for deep learning can be compensated by employing an advanced training algorithm. An impressive accuracy of 92.6% in image recognition simulations is demonstrated with the McAs after the compensation. The demonstrated McAs provide a promising device option for neuromorphic computing with ultra-high energy-efficiency.

关键词： Wafer-scale Ag2S films Reactive sputter Silver nucleation Ag+ migration Energy-efficient neuromorphic computing

Profile and determinants of unsuccessful tuberculosis outcome in rural Nigeria:Implications for tuberculosis control

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World Journal of Methodology 2016年第1期6卷 118-125页

作者： Kingsley N Ukwaja Sarah N oshi Isaac Alobu daniel c.oshi Department of Internal Medicine Federal Teaching Hospital centre for Development and Reproductive Health National Tuberculosis and Leprosy control Pro-gramme Ministry of Health

AIM: To determine the treatment outcomes and predictors for unsuccessful tuberculosis(TB) outcomes in rural ***: Adult rural TB patients treated during 2011 and 2012 in two healthcare facilities(one urban public and one rural private) were identified from the TB treatment registers and retrospectively reviewed. Tuberculosis treatment outcomes were assessed according to World Health Organisation guidelines. Determinants of unsuccessful treatment outcomes were identified using a multivariable logistic regression ***: Between January 2011 to December 2012, 1180 rural TB patients started treatment, of whom 494(41.9%) were female. The treatment success rate was 893(75.7%), while the rates of death, loss-tofollow-up, and treatment failure were 129(10.9%), 100(8.5%), and 18(1.5%) respectively. In the final multivariable logistic regression model, the odds of unsuccessful treatment outcome were higher among patients who received care at the urban public facility(a OR = 2.9, 95%cI: 1.9-4.4), smear-negative(1.3,1.0-1.8) and extrapulmonary(2.7, 1.3-5.6) TB patients, human immunodeficiency virus(HIV) co-infected(2.1, 1.5-3.0), and patient who received the longer(8-mo) anti-TB regimen(1.3, 1.1-1.8).cONcLUSION: Treatment success among rural TB patient in Nigeria is low. High risk groups should be targeted for closer monitoring, socio-economic support, and expansion of TB/HIV activities.

关键词： Tuberculosis Treatment outcome Rural Health services Nigeria

Efects of solution chemistry on arsenic(V) removal by low-cost adsorbents

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2013年第11期25卷 2291-2298页

作者： Yuru Wang daniel c.W.Tsang Department of civil and Environmental Engineering Hong Kong Polytechnic University Department of civil and Natural Resources Engineering University of Canterbury

Natural and anthropogenic arsenic （As） contamination of water sources pose serious health concerns, especially for small communities in rural areas. This study assessed the applicability of three industrial byproducts （coal fly ash, lignite, and green waste compost） as the low-cost adsorbents for As（V） removal under various field-relevant conditions （dissolved oxygen, As（V）/Fe ratio, solution pH, and presence of competing species）. The physico-chemical properties of the adsorbents were characterized by XRD, XRF, FT-IR, and NMR analysis. Batch experiments demonstrated that coal fly ash could provide effective As（V） removal （82.1%-95%） because it contained high content of amorphous iron/aluminium hydroxides for As（V） adsorption and dissolvable calcium minerals for calcium arsenate precipitation. However, the addition of lignite and green waste compost was found unfavourable since they hindered the As（V） removal by 10%-42% possibly due to dissolution of organic matter and ternary arsenate-iron-organic matter complexes. On the other hand, higher concentrations of dissolved iron （comparing As（V）/Fe ratios of 1：1 and 1：10） and dissolved oxygen （comparing 0.2 and 6 mg/L） only marginally enhanced the As（V） removal at pH 6 and 8. Thus, addition of dissolved iron, water aeration, or pH adjustment became unnecessary because coal fly ash was able to provide effective As（V） removal under the natural range of geochemical conditions. Moreover, the presence of low levels of background competing （0.8 or 8 mg/L of humic acid, phosphate, and silicate） imposed little influence on As（V） removal, possibly because the high adsorption capacity of coal fly ash was far from exhaustion. These results suggested that coal fly ash was a potentially promising adsorbent that warranted further investigation.

关键词： adsorption arsenic coal fly ash green waste compost lignite

Thermal properties and high-temperature ablation of high-entropy (Ti_(0.25)V_(0.25)Zr_(0.25)Hf_(0.25))B_(2) coating on graphite substrate

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Journal of Advanced ceramics 2024年第8期13卷 1268-1281页

作者： Ana c.Feltrin daniel Hedman Farid Akhtar Division of Materials Science Lulea University of TechnologyLulea 97187Sweden center for Multidimensional carbon Materials(cMcM) Institute for Basic Science(IBS)Ulsan 44919Republic of Korea

An entropy-stabilized multicomponent ultrahigh-temperature ceramic(UHTc)coating,(Ti_(0.25)V_(0.25)Zr_(0.25)Hf_(0.25))B_(2),on a graphite substrate was in-situ sintered by spark plasma sintering(SPs)from constituent transition metal diboride ***(Ti_(0.25)V_(0.25)Zr_(0.25)Hf_(0.25))B_(2) coating had a hardness of 31.2±2.1 GPa and resisted 36.9 GPa of stress before delamination,as observed at the *** temperature-dependent thermal properties of the multicomponent diboride(Ti_(0.25)V_(0.25)Zr_(0.25)Hf_(0.25))B_(2) were obtained by molecular dynamics(MD)simulations driven by a machine learning force field(MLFF)trained on density functional theory(DFT)*** thermal conductivity,density,heat capacity,and coefficient of thermal expansion obtained by the MD simulations were used in time-dependent thermal stress finite element model(FEM)*** low thermal conductivity(component diboride coupled with its similar coefficient of thermal expansion to that of graphite indicated that stresses of less than 10 GPa were generated at the interface at high temperatures,and therefore,the coating was mechanically resistant to the thermal stress induced during *** experiments at 220℃ showed that the multicomponent diboride coating was resistant to thermal stresses with no visible cracking or *** ablation mechanisms were mechanical denudation and evaporation of B_(2)O_(5) and light V-Ti oxides,which caused a decrease in the mass and thickness of the coating and resulted in mass and linear ablation rates of-0.51 mg·s^(-1) and -1.38μm·s^(-1),respectively,after 60 *** findings demonstrated the thermal and mechanical stability of multicomponent entropy-stabilized diborides as coatings for carbon materials in engineering components under extreme environments.

关键词： entropy-stabilized diborides ultrahigh temperature ceramics molecular dynamics(MD)simulations density functional theory(DFT) ablation properties

Evolving treatment strategies for colorectal cancer: A critical review of current therapeutic options

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第4期20卷 877-887页

作者： daniel c Damin Anderson R Lazzaron Division of coloproctology Department of Surgery Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul Postgraduate Program in Surgery Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul

Management of rectal cancer has markedly evolved over the last two *** technologies of staging have allowed a more precise definition of tumor *** in surgical concepts and techniques have resulted in higher rates of sphincter preservation and better functional outcome for patients with this ***,preoperative chemoradiotherapy followed by total mesorectal excision has become the standard of care for locally advanced tumors,many controversial matters in management of rectal cancer still need to be *** include the feasibility of a non-surgical approach after a favorable response to neoadjuvant therapy,the ideal margins of surgical resection for sphincter preservation and the adequacy of minimally invasive techniques of tumor *** this article,after an extensive search in PubMed and Embase databases,we critically review the current strategies and the most debatable matters in treatment of rectal cancer.

关键词： Rectal cancer colorectal cancer Staging Sphincter preservation Neoadjuvant chemo-radiotherapy Surgery

Manipulating the Interferon Signaling Pathway: Implications for HIV Infection

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Virologica Sinica 2019年第2期34卷 192-196页

作者： Krystelle Nganou-Makamdop daniel c. Douek Institute of clinical and Molecular Virology University Hospital Erlangen Erlangen 91054 Germany Human Immunology Section Vaccine Research Center National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease National Institutes of Health BethesdaMD 20892 USA

During human immunodeficiency virus(HIV) infection, type I interferon(IFN-I) signaling induces an antiviral state that includes the production of restriction factors that inhibit virus replication, thereby limiting the infection. As seen in other viral infections, type I IFN can also increase systemic immune activation which, in HIV disease, is one of the strongest predictors of disease progression to acquired immune deficiency syndrome(AIDS) and non-AIDS morbidity and ***, IFN-I is associated with cD4 T cell depletion and attenuation of antigen-specific T cell responses. Therefore,therapeutic manipulation of IFN-I signaling to improve HIV disease outcome is a source of much interest and debate in thefield. Recent studies have highlighted the importance of timing(acute vs. chronic infection) and have suggested that specific targeting of type I IFNs and their subtypes may help harness the beneficial roles of the IFN-I system while avoiding its deleterious activities.

关键词： Human immunodeficiency virus(HIV) Simian immunodeficiency virus(SIV) Type I interferon(IFN-I) Inflammation

Behavior and physiology of mechanoreception: separating signal and noise

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Integrative Zoology 2009年第1期4卷 3-12页

作者： John c.MONTGOMERY Shane WINDSOR daniel BASSETT Leigh Marine Laboratory University of AucklandAucklandNew Zealand

The mechanosensory lateral line is found in all aquatic fish and *** provides a highly sensitive and versatile hydrodynamic sense that is used in a wide range of *** stimuli of biological interest originate from both abiotic and biotic sources,and include water currents,turbulence and the water disturbances caused by other animals,such as prey,predators and ***,the detection of biologically important stimuli often has to occur against a background of noise generated by water movement,or movement of the fish *** such,separating signal and noise is“of the essence”in understanding the behavior and physiology of *** we discuss general issues of signal and noise in the lateral-line system and the behavioral and physiological strategies that are used by fish to enhance signal detection in a noisy *** order for signal and noise to be separated,they need to differ,and we will consider those differences under the headings of:frequency and temporal pattern;intensity discrimination;spatial separation;and mechanisms for the reduction of self-generated *** systematically cover the issues of signal and noise in lateral-line systems,but emphasize recent work on self-generated noise,and signal and noise issues related to prey search strategies and collision avoidance.

关键词： behavior lateral line mechanoreception noise physiology signal.

Variable retention harvesting in the Douglas-fir region

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Ecological Processes 2020年第1期9卷 83-92页

作者： Jerry F.Franklin daniel c.Donato School of Environmental and Forest Science College of the EnvironmentUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWA 98195USA Washington Department of Natural Resources OlympiaWA 98504USA

Variable retention harvesting evolved in the Douglas-fir region of the Pacific Northwest gradually in response to increasing dissatisfaction with the ecological consequences of clear-cutting,from the standpoint of wildlife habitat and other important forest *** is a harvesting technique that can provide for retention(continuity)of such structures as large and old live trees,snags,and *** retention is based on the natural model of the biological legacies that are typically left behind following natural disturbances,such as wildfire,wind,and *** retention is also an important technique for fulfilling the first silvicultural principle of ecological forestry,that of providing for continuity in structure,function,and composition between forest *** history and current application of variable retention approaches on forests in western Washington and Oregon states(USA),where many of the fundamental concepts were first developed and applied,is described in this article.

关键词： Biological legacies Ecological forestry Biodiversity conservation Long-term sustainability Washington and Oregon states