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Genetic composition,genetic diversity and small-scale environmental variation matter for the experimental reintroduction of a rare plant

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2016年第6期9卷 805-813页

作者： daniel Prati Markus Peintinger Markus Fischer Institute of Plant Sciences University of BernAltenbergrain 21CH-3013 BernSwitzerland Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research University of BernZähringerstrasse 25CH-3012 BernSwitzerland WSL-Eidgenössische Forschungsanstalt für Wald Schnee und LandschaftZürcherstrasse 111CH-8903 BirmensdorfSwitzerland

Aims Reintroduction has become an important tool for the management of endangered plant *** tested the little-explored effects of small-scale environmental variation,genotypic composition(*** of genotypes)and genotypic diversity on the population survival of the regionally rare clonal plant Ranunculus *** this species of periodically inundated lakeshores,genetic differentiation had been reported between populations and between short-flooded and long-flooded microsites within *** We established 306 experimental test populations at a previously unoccupied lakeshore,comprising either monocultures of 32 genotypes,mixtures of genotypes within populations or mixtures of genotypes between *** 2000,three years after planting out at the experimental site,a long-lasting flood caused the death of half of the experimental *** 2003,an extreme drought resulted in the lowest summer water levels ever *** Findings Despite these climatic extremes,27%of the established populations survived in December *** success of experimental populations largely differed between ***,the success of genotype monocultures depended on genotype and source *** differentiation between microsites played a minor role for the success of *** the flood,populations planted with genotypes from different source populations increased in abundance,whereas populations with genotypes from single source populations and genotype monocultures *** 2014,several small patches of Ranunculus clones were still present,but plants were strongly intermingled,which precluded their assignment to the original *** conclude that sources for reintroductions need to be selected ***,mixtures of plants from different populations appear to be the best choice for successful reintroduction,at least in unpredictably varying environments.

关键词： conservation management global change lakeshore Ranunculus reptans

Drag reducing nose fairings for existing freight train locomotives

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Advances in Aerodynamics 2022年第1期4卷 780-797页

作者： Chad L.Stucki daniel Maynes Corvid Technologies MooresvilleNC28115USA Department of Mechanical Engineering Brigham Young UniversityProvoUT84602USA

At cruising speed,one of the most significant contributing factors to train fuel consumption is aerodynamic drag,and the leading locomotive experiences much more drag than any other car in the *** work reports on the drag reduction that can be realized by the use of add-on nose fairings that are deployed on leading locomotives in a train *** types of fairing shapes were considered and all fairing walls are *** is anticipated that the fairing shapes would result from the deployment of easily stowed panels in an origami inspired *** of the fairing shapes has the appearance of a wedge and the other fairing is also wedge shaped,but with flow directing side wall *** each general fairing shape,the important dimensions were parametrically varied in a systematic manner to identify the dimensions that yield maximum drag *** the first shape,45 different scenarios were considered;for the second shape,15 were considered.A steady commercial computational fluid dynamic solver was employed to solve the flow field and locomotive drag for each of the *** best performing wedge-shaped fairing reduced the leading locomotive drag by nominally 14%and the best performing fairing shape with the side walls reduced the drag by 17%.

关键词： Drag reduction Front-fairing Origami Locomotive

Universal influenza virus vaccines： what can we learn from the human immune response following exposure to H7 subtype viruses？

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Frontiers of Medicine 2017年第4期11卷 471-479页

作者： daniel Stadlbauer Raffael Nachbagauer Philip Meade Florian Krammer Department of Microbiology Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York IVY 10024 USA Department of Biotechnology University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences 1190 Vienna Austria Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York NY 10024 USA

Several universal influenza virus vaccine candidates based on eliciting antibodies against the hemagglutinin stalk domain are in development. Typically, these vaccines induce responses that target group 1 or group 2 hemagglutinins with Httle to no cross-group reactivity and protection. Similarly, the majority of human anti-stalk monoclonal antibodies that have been isolated are directed against group 1 or group 2 hemagglutinins with very few that bind to hemagglutinins of both groups. Here we review what is known about the human humoral immune response to vaccination and infection with H7 subtype influenza viruses on a polyclonal and monoclonal level. It seems that unlike vaccination with H5 hemagglutinin, which induces antibody responses mostly restricted to the group 1 stalk domain, H7 exposure induces both group 2 and cross-group antibody responses. A better understanding of this phenomenon and the underlying mechanisms might help to develop future universal influenza virus vaccine candidates.

关键词： universal influenza virus vaccine hemagglutinin stalk H7N9

Finding the semantic similarity in single-particle diffraction images using self-supervised contrastive projection learning

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npj Computational Materials 2023年第1期9卷 2118-2126页

作者： Julian zimmermann Fabien Beguet daniel Guthruf Bruno Langbehn daniela Rupp ETH zürich ZürichSwitzerland Technische Universität Berlin BerlinGermany Max-Born-Institut BerlinGermany

Single-shot coherent diffraction imaging of isolated nanosized particles has seen remarkable success in recent years,yielding in-situ measurements with ultra-high spatial and temporal *** progress of high-repetition-rate sources for intense X-ray pulses has further enabled recording datasets containing millions of diffraction images,which are needed for the structure determination of specimens with greater structural variety and dynamic *** size of the datasets,however,represents a monumental problem for their ***,we present an automatized approach for finding semantic similarities in coherent diffraction images without relying on human expert *** introducing the concept of projection learning,we extend self-supervised contrastive learning to the context of coherent diffraction imaging and achieve a dimensionality reduction producing semantically meaningful embeddings that align with physical *** method yields substantial improvements compared to previous approaches,paving the way toward real-time and large-scale analysis of coherent diffraction experiments at X-ray free-electron lasers.

关键词： projection coherent similarity

Network analysis to inform invasive species spread among lakes

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Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2019年第3期37卷 1037-1041页

作者： ESCOBAR Luis E. ROMERO-ALVAREz daniel LARKIN daniel J. PHELPS Nicholas B. D. Department of Fish and Wildlife Conservation Virginia TechBlacksburgVirginiaUSA Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology-Biodiversity Institute University of KansasLawrenceUSA Department of Fisheries Wildlifeand Conservation BiologyUniversity of MinnesotaSt.PaulMinnesotaUSA Minnesota Aquatic Invasive Species Research Center University of MinnesotaSt.PaulMinnesotaUSA

Often facilitated by human-mediated pathways,aquatic invasive species are a threat to the health and biodiversity of global *** present a novel approach incorporating survey data of watercraft movement in a social network analysis to reconstruct potential pathways of aquatic invasive species spread between *** an example,we use the green alga Nitellopsis obtusa,also known as starry stonewort,an aquatic invasive species affecting the Great Lakes region in the United States and *** movement of algal fragments via human-mediated pathways(i.e.,watercraft)has been hypothesized as the primary driver of starry stonewort *** used survey data collected at boat ramps during the 2013 and 2014 openwater seasons to describe the flow of watercraft from Lake Koronis,where *** was first detected in Minnesota,to other lakes in the *** results suggest that the risk of *** expansion is not highly constrained by geographic proximity and management efforts should consider highly connected *** human movement via network analysis may help to explain past and future routes of aquatic invasive species infestation between lakes and can improve evidence-based prevention and control efforts.

关键词： Nitellopsis obtusa starry stonewort lake network invasion

Setting large-and medium-sized mammal restoration goals in a last mountain Chaco remnant from central Argentina

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Ecological Processes 2023年第1期12卷 301-312页

作者： daniel Renison Harold Rusbelth Quispe-Melgar GAErica Cuyckens Ana MCingolani Centro de Ecología y Recursos Naturales Renovables Dr.Ricardo LutiInstituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y TecnológicasUniversidad Nacional de Córdoba-CONICETAv.Vélez Sarsfield 1611X5016GCA CórdobaArgentina Ecosistemas argentinos 27 de abril 2050CórdobaCórdobaArgentina Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Universidad ContinentalHuancayoPeru Centro de Estudios Territoriales Ambientales y Sociales(CETAS UNJu)Instituto de Ecorregiones Andinas(INECOAUNJu-CONICET)Alberdi 474600San Salvador de JujuyJujuyArgentina Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal CONICET-Universidad Nacional de CórdobaAv.Vélez Sarsfield 1611X5016GCA CórdobaArgentina.

Background Setting large-and medium-sized wild mammal(≥2 kg)restoration goals is important due to their role as ecosystem engineers and generalized numeric ***,determining wild mammal restoration goals is very challenging due to difficulties in obtaining data on current mammal density and due to unclear information on what mammal density values should be used as a *** we chose a 154 ha conservation area within one of the last remnants of the mountainous Chaco from central *** suspected that extensive and unreported defaunation had occurred due to past human pressure and the introduction of non-native *** conduct the analyses,we used a simplified technique that integrates methods used in rangeland and ecological *** Eight native mammal species including only one herbivore species,and four non-native mammal species including three herbivore species were detected during 6113 camera trap *** used known cattle densities as estimated by droppings and direct counts,together with the relative abundance indexes obtained from camera trap photos to calculate the densities of the other species,correcting for mammal *** for the least and most abundant native species were 0.2 and 1.33 individuals km^(-2),respectively;and for non-native species,0.03 and 5.00 individuals km^(-2),*** and non-native species represented 0.8%and 99.2%,respectively,of the bio-mass *** values for native herbivore biomass,as estimated from net primary productivity,were 68 times higher than values estimated for the study area(3179 vs.46.5 kg km^(-2)).Conclusions There is an urgent need to increase native mammals,with special emphasis on herbivore biomass and richness,while non-native mammal numbers must be *** cattle are widespread in large portions of the globe and there is a lot of experience estimating their abundances,the ratio method we used extrapolating from cattle to other large-and medium-s

关键词： Camera trap Mammal survey Reference biomass Exotic mammal

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Heart failure as an adverse effect of infliximab for Crohn's disease: A case report and review of the literature

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2021年第33期9卷 10382-10391页

作者： Thais Gagno Grillo Luciana Rocha Almeida Rodrigo Fedatto Beraldo Mariana Barros Marcondes Diego Aparecido Rios Queiróz daniel Luiz da Silva Rodrigo Quera Julio Pinheiro Baima Rogerio Saad-Hossne Ligia Yukie Sassaki Department of Internal Medicine São Paulo State University(Unesp)Medical SchoolBotucatu 18618687São PauloBrazil Department of Pathology São Paulo State University(Unesp)Medical SchoolBotucatu 18618687São PauloBrazil Inflammatory Bowel Disease Program Digestive Disease Center Clínica Universidad de los AndesSantiago 7550000Chile

BACKGROUND Anti-tumor necrosis factor agents were the first biologic therapy approved for the management of Crohn's disease(CD).Heart failure(HF)is a rare but potential adverse effect of these *** objective of this report is to describe a patient with CD who developed HF after the use of *** SUMMARY A 50-year-old woman with a history of hypertension and diabetes presented with abdominal pain,diarrhea,and weight *** and enterotomography showed ulcerations,areas of stenosis and dilation in the terminal ileum,and thickening of the intestinal *** patient underwent ileocolectomy and the surgical specimen confirmed the diagnosis of stenosing *** patient started infliximab and azathioprine treatment to prevent post-surgical *** 6 mo after initiating infliximab therapy,the patient complained of dyspnea,orthopnea,and paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea that gradually *** revealed biventricular dysfunction,moderate cardiac insufficiency,an ejection fraction of 36%,and moderate pericardial effusion,consistent with *** cardiac disease was considered an infliximab adverse effect and the drug was *** patient received treatment with diuretics for HF and showed improvement of symptoms and cardiac ***,the patient is using anti-interleukin for CD and is *** This reported case supports the need to investigate risk factors for HF in inflammatory bowel disease patients and to consider the risk-benefit of introducing infliximab therapy in such patients presenting with HF risk factors.

关键词： Heart failure Infliximab Anti-tumor necrosis factor therapy Crohn's disease Inflammatory bowel disease Case report

Single-atom spintronics

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中国有色金属学会会刊：英文版 2006年第B01期16卷 146-153页

作者： Susan z.HUA Matthew R.SULL IVAN Jason N.ARMSTRONG Materials Program Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering DepartmentState University of New York at BuffaloBuffaloNY 14260USA

Recent work on magnetic quantum point contacts (QPCs) was discussed. Complete magnetoresistance loops across Co QPCs as small as a single atom was measured. The remarkable feature of these QPCs is the rapid oscillatory decay in magnetoresistance with the increase of contact size. In addition, stepwise or quantum magnetoresistance loops are observed, resulting from varying transmission probability of the available discrete conductance channels because the sample is cycled between the ferromagnetic (F) and antiferromagnetic (AF) aligned states. Quantized conductance combined with spin dependent transmission of electron waves gives rise to a multi-channel system with a quantum domain wall acting as a valve, i.e., a quantum spin-valve. Behavior of a few-atom QPC is built on the behavior of a single-atom QPC and hence the summarization of results as ‘single-atom spintronics’. An evolutionary trace of spin-dependent electron transmission from a single atom to bulk is provided, the requisite hallmarks of artefact-free magnetoresistance is established across a QPC – stepwise or quantum magnetoresistance loops and size dependent oscillatory magnetoresistance.

关键词：单原子自旋电子学量子点接触电子波导振荡磁阻

Quantification and pharmacokinetic study of tumor-targeting agent MHI148-clorgyline amide in mouse plasma using liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry

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Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis 2018年第3期8卷 153-159页

作者： zhijun Wang Bogdan z.Olenyuk Jean Chen Shih Jeffrey Wang Center for Advancement of Drug Research and Evaluation College of Pharmacy Western University of Health Sciences Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences College of Pharmacy Marshall B.Ketchum University Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences School of Pharmacy Department of Cell and Neurobiology Keck School of Medicine USC-Taiwan Center for Translational Research University of Southern California Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences College of Pharmacy Western University of Health Sciences

A high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometric （HPLC- ESI-MS/MS） method was developed for the quantification of MHl148-clorgyline amide （NMl-amide）, a novel tumor-targeting monoamine oxidase A inhibitor, in mouse plasma. The method was validated in terms of sensitivity, precision, accuracy, recovery and stability and then applied to a pharmacokinetic study of NMl-amide in mice following intravenous administration. NMl-amide together with the internal standard （IS）, MHI-148, was extracted by protein precipitation using acetonitrile. Multiple reaction monitoring was used for quantification of NMl-amide by detecting m/z transition of 491.2-361.9, and 685.3-258.2 for NMl-amide and the IS, respectively. The lower limit of quantification （LLOQ） of the HPLC- MS/MS method for NMl-amide was 0.005 μg/mL and the linear calibration curve was acquired with R2〉 0.99 in the concentration range of 0.005-2μg/mL. The intra- and inter-day precisions of the assay were assessed by percentage of the coefficient of variations, which was within 9.8% at LLOQ and 14.0% for other quality control samples, whereas the mean accuracy ranged from 86.8% to 113.2%. The samples were stable under storage and experimental conditions. This method was successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic study in mice following intravenous administration of 5 mg/kg NMl-amide.

关键词： MH1148-clorgyline HPLC Mass spectrometry Pharmacokinetics