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Genetic composition,genetic diversity and small-scale environmental variation matter for the experimental reintroduction of a rare plant

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2016年第6期9卷 805-813页

作者： daniel prati Markus Peintinger Markus Fischer Institute of Plant Sciences University of BernAltenbergrain 21CH-3013 BernSwitzerland Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research University of BernZähringerstrasse 25CH-3012 BernSwitzerland WSL-Eidgenössische Forschungsanstalt für Wald Schnee und LandschaftZürcherstrasse 111CH-8903 BirmensdorfSwitzerland

Aims Reintroduction has become an important tool for the management of endangered plant *** tested the little-explored effects of small-scale environmental variation,genotypic composition(*** of genotypes)and genotypic diversity on the population survival of the regionally rare clonal plant Ranunculus *** this species of periodically inundated lakeshores,genetic differentiation had been reported between populations and between short-flooded and long-flooded microsites within *** We established 306 experimental test populations at a previously unoccupied lakeshore,comprising either monocultures of 32 genotypes,mixtures of genotypes within populations or mixtures of genotypes between *** 2000,three years after planting out at the experimental site,a long-lasting flood caused the death of half of the experimental *** 2003,an extreme drought resulted in the lowest summer water levels ever *** Findings Despite these climatic extremes,27%of the established populations survived in December *** success of experimental populations largely differed between ***,the success of genotype monocultures depended on genotype and source *** differentiation between microsites played a minor role for the success of *** the flood,populations planted with genotypes from different source populations increased in abundance,whereas populations with genotypes from single source populations and genotype monocultures *** 2014,several small patches of Ranunculus clones were still present,but plants were strongly intermingled,which precluded their assignment to the original *** conclude that sources for reintroductions need to be selected ***,mixtures of plants from different populations appear to be the best choice for successful reintroduction,at least in unpredictably varying environments.

关键词： conservation management global change lakeshore Ranunculus reptans

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To eat or not to eat-relationship of lichen herbivory by snails with secondary compounds and field frequency of lichens

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2015年第6期8卷 642-650页

作者： Steffen Boch Markus Fischer daniel prati Institute of Plant Sciences and Botanical Garden University of BernAltenbergrain 213013 BernSwitzerland

Aims The biochemical defense of lichens against herbivores and its rela-tionship to lichen frequency are poorly ***,we tested whether chemical compounds in lichens act as feeding defense or rather as stimulus for snail herbivory among lichens and whether experimental feeding by snails is related to lichen fre-quency in the *** In a no-choice feeding experiment,we fed 24 lichen species to snails of two taxa from the Clausilidae and Enidae families and compared untreated lichens and lichens with compounds removed by acetone ***,we related experimental lichen consump-tion with the frequency of lichen species among 158 forest plots in the field(schwäbische alb,germany),where we had also sampled snail and lichen *** findings In five lichen species,snails preferred treated samples over untreated controls,indicating chemical feeding defense,and vice versa in two species,indicating chemical feeding ***,com-pared with less frequent lichen species,snails consumed more of untreated and less of treated samples of more frequent lichen *** one outlier species resulted in the loss of a significant positive relationship when untreated samples were analyzed ***,the interaction between treatment and lichen frequency remained significant when excluding single species or including snail genus instead of taxa,indicating that our results were robust and that lumping the species to two taxa was *** results imply lichen-feeding snails to prefer frequent lichens and avoid less frequent ones because of secondary compound *** supports the idea that consumers adapt to the most abundant food source.

关键词： acetone rinsing biodiversity exploratories defense strategies gastropoda herbivore resistance lichenivory mollusk grazing plant-animal interaction

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Enriching plant diversity in grasslands by large-scale experimental sward disturbance and seed addition along gradients of land-use intensity

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2017年第4期10卷 581-591页

作者： Valentin H.Klaus Deborah Schäfer Till Kleinebecker Markus Fischer daniel prati Norbert Hölzel Institute of Landscape Ecology Münster UniversityHeisenbergstr.248149 MünsterGermany Institute of Plant Sciences University of BernAltenbergrain 213013 BernSwitzerland

Aims The relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem functioning is among the most active areas of ecological ***,enhancing the diversity of degraded ecosystems is a major goal in applied restoration *** grasslands,many species may be locally absent due to dispersal or microsite limitation and may therefore profit from mechanical disturbance of the resident *** established a seed addition and disturbance experiment across several grassland sites of different land use to test whether plant diversity can be increased in these ***,the experiment will allow us testing the consequences of increased plant diversity for ecosystem processes and for the diversity of other taxa in real-world ***,we present details of the experimen-tal design and report results from the first vegetation survey 1 year after disturbance and seed ***,we tested whether the effects of seed addition and disturbance varied among grassland depending on their land use or pre-disturbance plant *** A full-factorial experiment was installed in 73 grasslands in three regions across *** were under regular agricul-tural use,but varied in the type and the intensity of management,thereby representing the range of management typical for large parts of Central *** disturbance treatment consisted of disturbing the top 10 cm of the sward using a rotavator or rotary *** addition consisted of sowing a high-diversity seed mixture of regional plant *** species were all regionally present,but often locally absent,depending on the resident vegetation composi-tion and richness of each *** Findings Seven months after sward disturbance,respective plots had significantly increased in bare soil,seedling species richness and number of *** addition had increased plant species richness,but only in combination with sward *** increase in species richness

关键词： grassland restoration germination microsite limitation seed limitation fertilization

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Influence of experimental soil disturbances on the diversity of plants in agricultural grasslands

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2014年第6期7卷 509-517页

作者： Jörg Müller Johannes Heinze Jasmin Joshi Steffen Boch Valentin H.Klaus Markus Fischer daniel prati Institute of Biochemistry and BiologyUniversity of PotsdamMaulbeerallee 114469 PotsdamGermany Freie Universität Berlin Institut für BiologieBerlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity ResearchAltensteinstrasse 614195 BerlinGermany Institute of Plant Sciences University of BernAltenbergrain 213013 BernSwitzerland Institute of Landscape Ecology University of MünsterHeisenbergstr.248149 MünsterGermany Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre BIK-F Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung603257 FrankfurtGermany

Aims and Methods Disturbance is supposed to play an important role for biodiversity and ecosystem stability as described by the intermediate disturbance hypoth-esis(IDH),which predicts highest species richness at intermediate levels of *** this study,we tested the effects of artificial soil distur-bances on diversity of annual and perennial vascular plants and bryo-phytes in a field experiment in 86 agricultural grasslands differing in land use in two regions of *** each grassland,we implemented four treatments:three treatments differing in application time of soil dis-turbances and one *** year after experimental disturbance,we recorded vegetation and measured biomass productivity and bare *** analysed the disturbance response taking effects of region and land-use-accompanied disturbance regimes into *** Findings Region and land-use type strongly determined plant species *** disturbances had small positive effects on the species richness of annuals,but none on perennials or *** ground was positively related to species richness of ***,exceeding the creation of 12%bare ground further distur-bance had a detrimental effect on bryophyte species richness,which corresponds to the *** biomass productivity was unaffected by disturbance our results indicate that the disturbance effect on spe-cies richness of annuals was not due to decreased overall produc-tivity,but rather due to short-term lowered inter-and intraspecific competition at the newly created ***,our results highlight the importance of soil disturbances for species richness of annual plants and bryophytes in agricultural ***,most grasslands were disturbed naturally or by land-use practices and our additional experimental soil dis-turbances only had a small short-term ***,total plant diversity in grasslands seemed to be more limited by the availabil-ity of propagules rather tha

关键词： annuals bryophytes colonization intermediate disturbance hypothesis microsites

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Reduction of Native Diversity by Invasive Plants Depends on Habitat Conditions

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2015年第17期6卷 2718-2733页

作者： Yvonne Künzi daniel prati Markus Fischer Steffen Boch Institute of Plant Sciences and Botanical Garden University of Bern Bern Switzerland

Invasions by exotic plant species and their impacts on invaded communities are a highly topical field of research because it provides a basis for the management of neophyte populations. However, for many invasive neophyte species in Central Europe little is known about their impacts on invaded plant communities. Moreover, it has hardly been considered whether effects vary among habitat conditions. Here, we selected each ten sites with different habitat conditions invaded by Erigeron annuus, Fallopia japonica, Impatiens glandulifera and Solidago canadensis which were listed as invasive in Switzerland. At each site, we established four 4 m × 1 m subplots covering a gradient from very low to very high cover of the particular neophyte species to investigate the effect of increasing neophyte cover on the species richness, Shannon diversity and evenness of the invaded plant communities. Moreover, we measured soil pH and characterized habitat conditions using Ellenberg indicator values to light and soil fertility. Whereas increasing cover of I. glandulifera had no effect on the diversity of invaded plant communities, an increasing cover of E. annuus negatively affected Shannon diversity. An increasing cover of F. japonica combined with a decreasing soil pH negatively affected the Shannon diversity of invaded plant communities. Similarly, an increasing cover of S. canadensis in combination with decreasing soil fertility negatively affected the Shannon diversity and evenness of invaded communities. Our results indicate that significant effects of increasing neophyte cover are mostly coupled to particular habitat conditions and then rather suppress than eliminate native plant species in invaded communities. We therefore suggest including abiotic variables in further impact studies on biotic invasions. Furthermore, adapting measures to the respective environmental context can be a useful tool in priority setting for the management of invasive neophyte populations and the resto

关键词： Diversity Impact of Neophytes Indicator Values Plant Species Richness

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